Mercurial > dropbear

annotate libtommath/bn.tex @ 1514:6c16a05023aa

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rename some options and move some to sysoptions.h
author Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
date Sun, 18 Feb 2018 00:29:17 +0800
parents 60fc6476e044
children
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1 \documentclass[synpaper]{book}
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2 \usepackage{hyperref}
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3 \usepackage{makeidx}
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4 \usepackage{amssymb}
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5 \usepackage{color}
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6 \usepackage{alltt}
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7 \usepackage{graphicx}
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8 \usepackage{layout}
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9 \def\union{\cup}
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10 \def\intersect{\cap}
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11 \def\getsrandom{\stackrel{\rm R}{\gets}}
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12 \def\cross{\times}
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13 \def\cat{\hspace{0.5em} \| \hspace{0.5em}}
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14 \def\catn{$\|$}
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15 \def\divides{\hspace{0.3em} | \hspace{0.3em}}
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16 \def\nequiv{\not\equiv}
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17 \def\approx{\raisebox{0.2ex}{\mbox{\small $\sim$}}}
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18 \def\lcm{{\rm lcm}}
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19 \def\gcd{{\rm gcd}}
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20 \def\log{{\rm log}}
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21 \def\ord{{\rm ord}}
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22 \def\abs{{\mathit abs}}
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23 \def\rep{{\mathit rep}}
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24 \def\mod{{\mathit\ mod\ }}
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25 \renewcommand{\pmod}[1]{\ ({\rm mod\ }{#1})}
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26 \newcommand{\floor}[1]{\left\lfloor{#1}\right\rfloor}
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27 \newcommand{\ceil}[1]{\left\lceil{#1}\right\rceil}
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28 \def\Or{{\rm\ or\ }}
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29 \def\And{{\rm\ and\ }}
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30 \def\iff{\hspace{1em}\Longleftrightarrow\hspace{1em}}
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31 \def\implies{\Rightarrow}
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32 \def\undefined{{\rm ``undefined"}}
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33 \def\Proof{\vspace{1ex}\noindent {\bf Proof:}\hspace{1em}}
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34 \let\oldphi\phi
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35 \def\phi{\varphi}
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36 \def\Pr{{\rm Pr}}
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37 \newcommand{\str}[1]{{\mathbf{#1}}}
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38 \def\F{{\mathbb F}}
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39 \def\N{{\mathbb N}}
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40 \def\Z{{\mathbb Z}}
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41 \def\R{{\mathbb R}}
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42 \def\C{{\mathbb C}}
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43 \def\Q{{\mathbb Q}}
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44 \definecolor{DGray}{gray}{0.5}
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45 \newcommand{\emailaddr}[1]{\mbox{$<${#1}$>$}}
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46 \def\twiddle{\raisebox{0.3ex}{\mbox{\tiny $\sim$}}}
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47 \def\gap{\vspace{0.5ex}}
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48 \makeindex
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49 \begin{document}
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50 \frontmatter
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51 \pagestyle{empty}
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52 \title{LibTomMath User Manual \\ v1.0}
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53 \author{Tom St Denis \\ [email protected]}
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54 \maketitle
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55 This text, the library and the accompanying textbook are all hereby placed in the public domain. This book has been
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56 formatted for B5 [176x250] paper using the \LaTeX{} {\em book} macro package.
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57
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58 \vspace{10cm}
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59
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60 \begin{flushright}Open Source. Open Academia. Open Minds.
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61
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62 \mbox{ }
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63
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64 Tom St Denis,
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65
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66 Ontario, Canada
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67 \end{flushright}
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68
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69 \tableofcontents
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70 \listoffigures
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71 \mainmatter
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72 \pagestyle{headings}
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73 \chapter{Introduction}
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74 \section{What is LibTomMath?}
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75 LibTomMath is a library of source code which provides a series of efficient and carefully written functions for manipulating
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76 large integer numbers. It was written in portable ISO C source code so that it will build on any platform with a conforming
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77 C compiler.
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78
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79 In a nutshell the library was written from scratch with verbose comments to help instruct computer science students how
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80 to implement ``bignum'' math. However, the resulting code has proven to be very useful. It has been used by numerous
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81 universities, commercial and open source software developers. It has been used on a variety of platforms ranging from
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82 Linux and Windows based x86 to ARM based Gameboys and PPC based MacOS machines.
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83
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84 \section{License}
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85 As of the v0.25 the library source code has been placed in the public domain with every new release. As of the v0.28
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86 release the textbook ``Implementing Multiple Precision Arithmetic'' has been placed in the public domain with every new
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87 release as well. This textbook is meant to compliment the project by providing a more solid walkthrough of the development
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88 algorithms used in the library.
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89
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90 Since both\footnote{Note that the MPI files under mtest/ are copyrighted by Michael Fromberger. They are not required to use LibTomMath.} are in the
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91 public domain everyone is entitled to do with them as they see fit.
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92
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93 \section{Building LibTomMath}
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94
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95 LibTomMath is meant to be very ``GCC friendly'' as it comes with a makefile well suited for GCC. However, the library will
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96 also build in MSVC, Borland C out of the box. For any other ISO C compiler a makefile will have to be made by the end
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97 developer.
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98
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99 \subsection{Static Libraries}
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100 To build as a static library for GCC issue the following
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101 \begin{alltt}
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102 make
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103 \end{alltt}
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104
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105 command. This will build the library and archive the object files in ``libtommath.a''. Now you link against
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106 that and include ``tommath.h'' within your programs. Alternatively to build with MSVC issue the following
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107 \begin{alltt}
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108 nmake -f makefile.msvc
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109 \end{alltt}
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110
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111 This will build the library and archive the object files in ``tommath.lib''. This has been tested with MSVC
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112 version 6.00 with service pack 5.
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113
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114 \subsection{Shared Libraries}
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115 To build as a shared library for GCC issue the following
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116 \begin{alltt}
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117 make -f makefile.shared
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118 \end{alltt}
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119 This requires the ``libtool'' package (common on most Linux/BSD systems). It will build LibTomMath as both shared
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120 and static then install (by default) into /usr/lib as well as install the header files in /usr/include. The shared
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121 library (resource) will be called ``libtommath.la'' while the static library called ``libtommath.a''. Generally
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122 you use libtool to link your application against the shared object.
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123
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124 There is limited support for making a ``DLL'' in windows via the ``makefile.cygwin\_dll'' makefile. It requires
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125 Cygwin to work with since it requires the auto-export/import functionality. The resulting DLL and import library
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126 ``libtommath.dll.a'' can be used to link LibTomMath dynamically to any Windows program using Cygwin.
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127
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128 \subsection{Testing}
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129 To build the library and the test harness type
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130
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131 \begin{alltt}
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132 make test
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133 \end{alltt}
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134
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135 This will build the library, ``test'' and ``mtest/mtest''. The ``test'' program will accept test vectors and verify the
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136 results. ``mtest/mtest'' will generate test vectors using the MPI library by Michael Fromberger\footnote{A copy of MPI
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137 is included in the package}. Simply pipe mtest into test using
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138
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139 \begin{alltt}
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140 mtest/mtest | test
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141 \end{alltt}
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142
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143 If you do not have a ``/dev/urandom'' style RNG source you will have to write your own PRNG and simply pipe that into
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144 mtest. For example, if your PRNG program is called ``myprng'' simply invoke
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145
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146 \begin{alltt}
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147 myprng | mtest/mtest | test
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148 \end{alltt}
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149
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150 This will output a row of numbers that are increasing. Each column is a different test (such as addition, multiplication, etc)
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151 that is being performed. The numbers represent how many times the test was invoked. If an error is detected the program
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152 will exit with a dump of the relevent numbers it was working with.
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153
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154 \section{Build Configuration}
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155 LibTomMath can configured at build time in three phases we shall call ``depends'', ``tweaks'' and ``trims''.
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156 Each phase changes how the library is built and they are applied one after another respectively.
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157
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158 To make the system more powerful you can tweak the build process. Classes are defined in the file
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159 ``tommath\_superclass.h''. By default, the symbol ``LTM\_ALL'' shall be defined which simply
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160 instructs the system to build all of the functions. This is how LibTomMath used to be packaged. This will give you
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161 access to every function LibTomMath offers.
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162
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163 However, there are cases where such a build is not optional. For instance, you want to perform RSA operations. You
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164 don't need the vast majority of the library to perform these operations. Aside from LTM\_ALL there is
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165 another pre--defined class ``SC\_RSA\_1'' which works in conjunction with the RSA from LibTomCrypt. Additional
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166 classes can be defined base on the need of the user.
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167
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168 \subsection{Build Depends}
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169 In the file tommath\_class.h you will see a large list of C ``defines'' followed by a series of ``ifdefs''
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170 which further define symbols. All of the symbols (technically they're macros $\ldots$) represent a given C source
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171 file. For instance, BN\_MP\_ADD\_C represents the file ``bn\_mp\_add.c''. When a define has been enabled the
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172 function in the respective file will be compiled and linked into the library. Accordingly when the define
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173 is absent the file will not be compiled and not contribute any size to the library.
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174
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175 You will also note that the header tommath\_class.h is actually recursively included (it includes itself twice).
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176 This is to help resolve as many dependencies as possible. In the last pass the symbol LTM\_LAST will be defined.
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177 This is useful for ``trims''.
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178
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179 \subsection{Build Tweaks}
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180 A tweak is an algorithm ``alternative''. For example, to provide tradeoffs (usually between size and space).
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181 They can be enabled at any pass of the configuration phase.
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182
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183 \begin{small}
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184 \begin{center}
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185 \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
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186 \hline \textbf{Define} & \textbf{Purpose} \\
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187 \hline BN\_MP\_DIV\_SMALL & Enables a slower, smaller and equally \\
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188 & functional mp\_div() function \\
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189 \hline
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190 \end{tabular}
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191 \end{center}
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192 \end{small}
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193
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194 \subsection{Build Trims}
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195 A trim is a manner of removing functionality from a function that is not required. For instance, to perform
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196 RSA cryptography you only require exponentiation with odd moduli so even moduli support can be safely removed.
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197 Build trims are meant to be defined on the last pass of the configuration which means they are to be defined
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198 only if LTM\_LAST has been defined.
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199
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200 \subsubsection{Moduli Related}
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201 \begin{small}
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202 \begin{center}
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203 \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
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204 \hline \textbf{Restriction} & \textbf{Undefine} \\
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205 \hline Exponentiation with odd moduli only & BN\_S\_MP\_EXPTMOD\_C \\
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206 & BN\_MP\_REDUCE\_C \\
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207 & BN\_MP\_REDUCE\_SETUP\_C \\
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208 & BN\_S\_MP\_MUL\_HIGH\_DIGS\_C \\
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209 & BN\_FAST\_S\_MP\_MUL\_HIGH\_DIGS\_C \\
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210 \hline Exponentiation with random odd moduli & (The above plus the following) \\
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211 & BN\_MP\_REDUCE\_2K\_C \\
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212 & BN\_MP\_REDUCE\_2K\_SETUP\_C \\
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213 & BN\_MP\_REDUCE\_IS\_2K\_C \\
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214 & BN\_MP\_DR\_IS\_MODULUS\_C \\
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215 & BN\_MP\_DR\_REDUCE\_C \\
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216 & BN\_MP\_DR\_SETUP\_C \\
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217 \hline Modular inverse odd moduli only & BN\_MP\_INVMOD\_SLOW\_C \\
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218 \hline Modular inverse (both, smaller/slower) & BN\_FAST\_MP\_INVMOD\_C \\
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219 \hline
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220 \end{tabular}
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221 \end{center}
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222 \end{small}
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223
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224 \subsubsection{Operand Size Related}
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225 \begin{small}
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226 \begin{center}
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227 \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
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228 \hline \textbf{Restriction} & \textbf{Undefine} \\
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229 \hline Moduli $\le 2560$ bits & BN\_MP\_MONTGOMERY\_REDUCE\_C \\
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230 & BN\_S\_MP\_MUL\_DIGS\_C \\
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231 & BN\_S\_MP\_MUL\_HIGH\_DIGS\_C \\
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232 & BN\_S\_MP\_SQR\_C \\
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233 \hline Polynomial Schmolynomial & BN\_MP\_KARATSUBA\_MUL\_C \\
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234 & BN\_MP\_KARATSUBA\_SQR\_C \\
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235 & BN\_MP\_TOOM\_MUL\_C \\
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236 & BN\_MP\_TOOM\_SQR\_C \\
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237
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238 \hline
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239 \end{tabular}
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240 \end{center}
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241 \end{small}
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242
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243
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244 \section{Purpose of LibTomMath}
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245 Unlike GNU MP (GMP) Library, LIP, OpenSSL or various other commercial kits (Miracl), LibTomMath was not written with
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246 bleeding edge performance in mind. First and foremost LibTomMath was written to be entirely open. Not only is the
284
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247 source code public domain (unlike various other GPL/etc licensed code), not only is the code freely downloadable but the
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248 source code is also accessible for computer science students attempting to learn ``BigNum'' or multiple precision
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249 arithmetic techniques.
284
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250
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251 LibTomMath was written to be an instructive collection of source code. This is why there are many comments, only one
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252 function per source file and often I use a ``middle-road'' approach where I don't cut corners for an extra 2\% speed
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253 increase.
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254
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255 Source code alone cannot really teach how the algorithms work which is why I also wrote a textbook that accompanies
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256 the library (beat that!).
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257
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258 So you may be thinking ``should I use LibTomMath?'' and the answer is a definite maybe. Let me tabulate what I think
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259 are the pros and cons of LibTomMath by comparing it to the math routines from GnuPG\footnote{GnuPG v1.2.3 versus LibTomMath v0.28}.
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260
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261 \newpage\begin{figure}[here]
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262 \begin{small}
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263 \begin{center}
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264 \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|l|}
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265 \hline \textbf{Criteria} & \textbf{Pro} & \textbf{Con} & \textbf{Notes} \\
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266 \hline Few lines of code per file & X & & GnuPG $ = 300.9$, LibTomMath $ = 71.97$ \\
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267 \hline Commented function prototypes & X && GnuPG function names are cryptic. \\
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268 \hline Speed && X & LibTomMath is slower. \\
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269 \hline Totally free & X & & GPL has unfavourable restrictions.\\
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270 \hline Large function base & X & & GnuPG is barebones. \\
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271 \hline Five modular reduction algorithms & X & & Faster modular exponentiation for a variety of moduli. \\
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272 \hline Portable & X & & GnuPG requires configuration to build. \\
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273 \hline
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274 \end{tabular}
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275 \end{center}
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276 \end{small}
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277 \caption{LibTomMath Valuation}
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278 \end{figure}
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279
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280 It may seem odd to compare LibTomMath to GnuPG since the math in GnuPG is only a small portion of the entire application.
284
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281 However, LibTomMath was written with cryptography in mind. It provides essentially all of the functions a cryptosystem
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282 would require when working with large integers.
284
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283
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284 So it may feel tempting to just rip the math code out of GnuPG (or GnuMP where it was taken from originally) in your
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285 own application but I think there are reasons not to. While LibTomMath is slower than libraries such as GnuMP it is
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286 not normally significantly slower. On x86 machines the difference is normally a factor of two when performing modular
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287 exponentiations. It depends largely on the processor, compiler and the moduli being used.
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288
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289 Essentially the only time you wouldn't use LibTomMath is when blazing speed is the primary concern. However,
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290 on the other side of the coin LibTomMath offers you a totally free (public domain) well structured math library
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291 that is very flexible, complete and performs well in resource contrained environments. Fast RSA for example can
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292 be performed with as little as 8KB of ram for data (again depending on build options).
284
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293
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294 \chapter{Getting Started with LibTomMath}
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295 \section{Building Programs}
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296 In order to use LibTomMath you must include ``tommath.h'' and link against the appropriate library file (typically
284
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297 libtommath.a). There is no library initialization required and the entire library is thread safe.
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298
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299 \section{Return Codes}
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300 There are three possible return codes a function may return.
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301
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302 \index{MP\_OKAY}\index{MP\_YES}\index{MP\_NO}\index{MP\_VAL}\index{MP\_MEM}
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303 \begin{figure}[here!]
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304 \begin{center}
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305 \begin{small}
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306 \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
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307 \hline \textbf{Code} & \textbf{Meaning} \\
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308 \hline MP\_OKAY & The function succeeded. \\
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309 \hline MP\_VAL & The function input was invalid. \\
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310 \hline MP\_MEM & Heap memory exhausted. \\
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311 \hline &\\
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312 \hline MP\_YES & Response is yes. \\
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313 \hline MP\_NO & Response is no. \\
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314 \hline
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315 \end{tabular}
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316 \end{small}
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317 \end{center}
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318 \caption{Return Codes}
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319 \end{figure}
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320
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321 The last two codes listed are not actually ``return'ed'' by a function. They are placed in an integer (the caller must
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322 provide the address of an integer it can store to) which the caller can access. To convert one of the three return codes
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323 to a string use the following function.
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324
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325 \index{mp\_error\_to\_string}
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326 \begin{alltt}
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327 char *mp_error_to_string(int code);
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328 \end{alltt}
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329
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330 This will return a pointer to a string which describes the given error code. It will not work for the return codes
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331 MP\_YES and MP\_NO.
284
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332
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333 \section{Data Types}
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334 The basic ``multiple precision integer'' type is known as the ``mp\_int'' within LibTomMath. This data type is used to
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335 organize all of the data required to manipulate the integer it represents. Within LibTomMath it has been prototyped
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336 as the following.
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337
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338 \index{mp\_int}
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339 \begin{alltt}
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340 typedef struct \{
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341 int used, alloc, sign;
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342 mp_digit *dp;
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343 \} mp_int;
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344 \end{alltt}
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345
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346 Where ``mp\_digit'' is a data type that represents individual digits of the integer. By default, an mp\_digit is the
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347 ISO C ``unsigned long'' data type and each digit is $28-$bits long. The mp\_digit type can be configured to suit other
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348 platforms by defining the appropriate macros.
284
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349
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350 All LTM functions that use the mp\_int type will expect a pointer to mp\_int structure. You must allocate memory to
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351 hold the structure itself by yourself (whether off stack or heap it doesn't matter). The very first thing that must be
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352 done to use an mp\_int is that it must be initialized.
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353
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354 \section{Function Organization}
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355
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356 The arithmetic functions of the library are all organized to have the same style prototype. That is source operands
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357 are passed on the left and the destination is on the right. For instance,
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358
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359 \begin{alltt}
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360 mp_add(&a, &b, &c); /* c = a + b */
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361 mp_mul(&a, &a, &c); /* c = a * a */
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362 mp_div(&a, &b, &c, &d); /* c = [a/b], d = a mod b */
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363 \end{alltt}
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364
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
365 Another feature of the way the functions have been implemented is that source operands can be destination operands as well.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
366 For instance,
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
367
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
368 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
369 mp_add(&a, &b, &b); /* b = a + b */
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
370 mp_div(&a, &b, &a, &c); /* a = [a/b], c = a mod b */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
371 \end{alltt}
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
372
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
373 This allows operands to be re-used which can make programming simpler.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
374
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
375 \section{Initialization}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
376 \subsection{Single Initialization}
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diff changeset
377 A single mp\_int can be initialized with the ``mp\_init'' function.
284
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
378
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
379 \index{mp\_init}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
380 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
381 int mp_init (mp_int * a);
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
382 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
383
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
384 This function expects a pointer to an mp\_int structure and will initialize the members of the structure so the mp\_int
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
385 represents the default integer which is zero. If the functions returns MP\_OKAY then the mp\_int is ready to be used
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
386 by the other LibTomMath functions.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
387
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
388 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
389 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
390 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
391 mp_int number;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
392 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
393
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
394 if ((result = mp_init(&number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
395 printf("Error initializing the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
396 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
397 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
398 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
399
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
400 /* use the number */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
401
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
402 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
403 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
404 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
405
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
406 \subsection{Single Free}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
407 When you are finished with an mp\_int it is ideal to return the heap it used back to the system. The following function
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
408 provides this functionality.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
409
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
410 \index{mp\_clear}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
411 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
412 void mp_clear (mp_int * a);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
413 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
414
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
415 The function expects a pointer to a previously initialized mp\_int structure and frees the heap it uses. It sets the
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
416 pointer\footnote{The ``dp'' member.} within the mp\_int to \textbf{NULL} which is used to prevent double free situations.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
417 Is is legal to call mp\_clear() twice on the same mp\_int in a row.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
418
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
419 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
420 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
421 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
422 mp_int number;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
423 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
424
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
425 if ((result = mp_init(&number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
426 printf("Error initializing the number. \%s",
284
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
427 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
428 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
429 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
430
284
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
431 /* use the number */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
432
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
433 /* We're done with it. */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
434 mp_clear(&number);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
435
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
436 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
437 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
438 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
439
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
440 \subsection{Multiple Initializations}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
441 Certain algorithms require more than one large integer. In these instances it is ideal to initialize all of the mp\_int
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
442 variables in an ``all or nothing'' fashion. That is, they are either all initialized successfully or they are all
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
443 not initialized.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
444
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
445 The mp\_init\_multi() function provides this functionality.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
446
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
447 \index{mp\_init\_multi} \index{mp\_clear\_multi}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
448 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
449 int mp_init_multi(mp_int *mp, ...);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
450 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
451
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
452 It accepts a \textbf{NULL} terminated list of pointers to mp\_int structures. It will attempt to initialize them all
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
453 at once. If the function returns MP\_OKAY then all of the mp\_int variables are ready to use, otherwise none of them
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
454 are available for use. A complementary mp\_clear\_multi() function allows multiple mp\_int variables to be free'd
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
455 from the heap at the same time.
284
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
456
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
457 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
458 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
459 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
460 mp_int num1, num2, num3;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
461 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
462
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
463 if ((result = mp_init_multi(&num1,
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
464 &num2,
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
465 &num3, NULL)) != MP\_OKAY) \{
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
466 printf("Error initializing the numbers. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
467 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
468 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
469 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
470
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
471 /* use the numbers */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
472
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
473 /* We're done with them. */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
474 mp_clear_multi(&num1, &num2, &num3, NULL);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
475
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
476 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
477 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
478 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
479
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
480 \subsection{Other Initializers}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
481 To initialized and make a copy of an mp\_int the mp\_init\_copy() function has been provided.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
482
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
483 \index{mp\_init\_copy}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
484 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
485 int mp_init_copy (mp_int * a, mp_int * b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
486 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
487
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
488 This function will initialize $a$ and make it a copy of $b$ if all goes well.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
489
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
490 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
491 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
492 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
493 mp_int num1, num2;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
494 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
495
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
496 /* initialize and do work on num1 ... */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
497
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
498 /* We want a copy of num1 in num2 now */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
499 if ((result = mp_init_copy(&num2, &num1)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
500 printf("Error initializing the copy. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
501 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
502 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
503 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
504
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
505 /* now num2 is ready and contains a copy of num1 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
506
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
507 /* We're done with them. */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
508 mp_clear_multi(&num1, &num2, NULL);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
509
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
510 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
511 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
512 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
513
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
514 Another less common initializer is mp\_init\_size() which allows the user to initialize an mp\_int with a given
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
515 default number of digits. By default, all initializers allocate \textbf{MP\_PREC} digits. This function lets
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
516 you override this behaviour.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
517
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
518 \index{mp\_init\_size}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
519 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
520 int mp_init_size (mp_int * a, int size);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
521 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
522
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
523 The $size$ parameter must be greater than zero. If the function succeeds the mp\_int $a$ will be initialized
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
524 to have $size$ digits (which are all initially zero).
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
525
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
526 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
527 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
528 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
529 mp_int number;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
530 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
531
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
532 /* we need a 60-digit number */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
533 if ((result = mp_init_size(&number, 60)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
534 printf("Error initializing the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
535 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
536 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
537 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
538
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
539 /* use the number */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
540
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
541 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
542 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
543 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
544
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
545 \section{Maintenance Functions}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
546
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
547 \subsection{Reducing Memory Usage}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
548 When an mp\_int is in a state where it won't be changed again\footnote{A Diffie-Hellman modulus for instance.} excess
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
549 digits can be removed to return memory to the heap with the mp\_shrink() function.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
550
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
551 \index{mp\_shrink}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
552 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
553 int mp_shrink (mp_int * a);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
554 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
555
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
556 This will remove excess digits of the mp\_int $a$. If the operation fails the mp\_int should be intact without the
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
557 excess digits being removed. Note that you can use a shrunk mp\_int in further computations, however, such operations
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
558 will require heap operations which can be slow. It is not ideal to shrink mp\_int variables that you will further
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
559 modify in the system (unless you are seriously low on memory).
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
560
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
561 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
562 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
563 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
564 mp_int number;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
565 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
566
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
567 if ((result = mp_init(&number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
568 printf("Error initializing the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
569 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
570 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
571 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
572
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
573 /* use the number [e.g. pre-computation] */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
574
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
575 /* We're done with it for now. */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
576 if ((result = mp_shrink(&number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
577 printf("Error shrinking the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
578 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
579 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
580 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
581
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
582 /* use it .... */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
583
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
584
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
585 /* we're done with it. */
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
586 mp_clear(&number);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
587
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
588 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
589 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
590 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
591
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
592 \subsection{Adding additional digits}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
593
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
594 Within the mp\_int structure are two parameters which control the limitations of the array of digits that represent
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
595 the integer the mp\_int is meant to equal. The \textit{used} parameter dictates how many digits are significant, that is,
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
596 contribute to the value of the mp\_int. The \textit{alloc} parameter dictates how many digits are currently available in
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
597 the array. If you need to perform an operation that requires more digits you will have to mp\_grow() the mp\_int to
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
598 your desired size.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
599
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
600 \index{mp\_grow}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
601 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
602 int mp_grow (mp_int * a, int size);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
603 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
604
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
605 This will grow the array of digits of $a$ to $size$. If the \textit{alloc} parameter is already bigger than
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
606 $size$ the function will not do anything.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
607
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
608 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
609 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
610 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
611 mp_int number;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
612 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
613
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
614 if ((result = mp_init(&number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
615 printf("Error initializing the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
616 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
617 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
618 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
619
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
620 /* use the number */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
621
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
622 /* We need to add 20 digits to the number */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
623 if ((result = mp_grow(&number, number.alloc + 20)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
624 printf("Error growing the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
625 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
626 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
627 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
628
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
629
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
630 /* use the number */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
631
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
632 /* we're done with it. */
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
633 mp_clear(&number);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
634
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
635 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
636 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
637 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
638
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
639 \chapter{Basic Operations}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
640 \section{Small Constants}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
641 Setting mp\_ints to small constants is a relatively common operation. To accomodate these instances there are two
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
642 small constant assignment functions. The first function is used to set a single digit constant while the second sets
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
643 an ISO C style ``unsigned long'' constant. The reason for both functions is efficiency. Setting a single digit is quick but the
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
644 domain of a digit can change (it's always at least $0 \ldots 127$).
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
645
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
646 \subsection{Single Digit}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
647
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
648 Setting a single digit can be accomplished with the following function.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
649
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
650 \index{mp\_set}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
651 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
652 void mp_set (mp_int * a, mp_digit b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
653 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
654
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
655 This will zero the contents of $a$ and make it represent an integer equal to the value of $b$. Note that this
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
656 function has a return type of \textbf{void}. It cannot cause an error so it is safe to assume the function
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
657 succeeded.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
658
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
659 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
660 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
661 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
662 mp_int number;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
663 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
664
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
665 if ((result = mp_init(&number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
666 printf("Error initializing the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
667 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
668 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
669 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
670
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
671 /* set the number to 5 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
672 mp_set(&number, 5);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
673
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
674 /* we're done with it. */
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
675 mp_clear(&number);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
676
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
677 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
678 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
679 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
680
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
681 \subsection{Long Constants}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
682
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
683 To set a constant that is the size of an ISO C ``unsigned long'' and larger than a single digit the following function
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
684 can be used.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
685
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
686 \index{mp\_set\_int}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
687 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
688 int mp_set_int (mp_int * a, unsigned long b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
689 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
690
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
691 This will assign the value of the 32-bit variable $b$ to the mp\_int $a$. Unlike mp\_set() this function will always
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
692 accept a 32-bit input regardless of the size of a single digit. However, since the value may span several digits
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
693 this function can fail if it runs out of heap memory.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
694
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
695 To get the ``unsigned long'' copy of an mp\_int the following function can be used.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
696
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
697 \index{mp\_get\_int}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
698 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
699 unsigned long mp_get_int (mp_int * a);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
700 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
701
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
702 This will return the 32 least significant bits of the mp\_int $a$.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
703
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
704 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
705 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
706 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
707 mp_int number;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
708 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
709
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
710 if ((result = mp_init(&number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
711 printf("Error initializing the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
712 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
713 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
714 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
715
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
716 /* set the number to 654321 (note this is bigger than 127) */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
717 if ((result = mp_set_int(&number, 654321)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
718 printf("Error setting the value of the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
719 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
720 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
721 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
722
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
723 printf("number == \%lu", mp_get_int(&number));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
724
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
725 /* we're done with it. */
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
726 mp_clear(&number);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
727
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
728 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
729 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
730 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
731
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
732 This should output the following if the program succeeds.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
733
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
734 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
735 number == 654321
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
736 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
737
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
738 \subsection{Long Constants - platform dependant}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
739
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
740 \index{mp\_set\_long}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
741 \begin{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
742 int mp_set_long (mp_int * a, unsigned long b);
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
743 \end{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
744
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
745 This will assign the value of the platform-dependant sized variable $b$ to the mp\_int $a$.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
746
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
747 To get the ``unsigned long'' copy of an mp\_int the following function can be used.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
748
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
749 \index{mp\_get\_long}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
750 \begin{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
751 unsigned long mp_get_long (mp_int * a);
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
752 \end{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
753
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
754 This will return the least significant bits of the mp\_int $a$ that fit into an ``unsigned long''.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
755
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
756 \subsection{Long Long Constants}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
757
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
758 \index{mp\_set\_long\_long}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
759 \begin{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
760 int mp_set_long_long (mp_int * a, unsigned long long b);
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
761 \end{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
762
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
763 This will assign the value of the 64-bit variable $b$ to the mp\_int $a$.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
764
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
765 To get the ``unsigned long long'' copy of an mp\_int the following function can be used.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
766
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
767 \index{mp\_get\_long\_long}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
768 \begin{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
769 unsigned long long mp_get_long_long (mp_int * a);
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
770 \end{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
771
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
772 This will return the 64 least significant bits of the mp\_int $a$.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
773
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
774 \subsection{Initialize and Setting Constants}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
775 To both initialize and set small constants the following two functions are available.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
776 \index{mp\_init\_set} \index{mp\_init\_set\_int}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
777 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
778 int mp_init_set (mp_int * a, mp_digit b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
779 int mp_init_set_int (mp_int * a, unsigned long b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
780 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
781
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
782 Both functions work like the previous counterparts except they first mp\_init $a$ before setting the values.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
783
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
784 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
785 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
786 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
787 mp_int number1, number2;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
788 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
789
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
790 /* initialize and set a single digit */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
791 if ((result = mp_init_set(&number1, 100)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
792 printf("Error setting number1: \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
793 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
794 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
795 \}
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
796
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
797 /* initialize and set a long */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
798 if ((result = mp_init_set_int(&number2, 1023)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
799 printf("Error setting number2: \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
800 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
801 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
802 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
803
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
804 /* display */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
805 printf("Number1, Number2 == \%lu, \%lu",
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
806 mp_get_int(&number1), mp_get_int(&number2));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
807
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
808 /* clear */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
809 mp_clear_multi(&number1, &number2, NULL);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
810
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
811 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
812 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
813 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
814
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
815 If this program succeeds it shall output.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
816 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
817 Number1, Number2 == 100, 1023
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
818 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
819
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
820 \section{Comparisons}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
821
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
822 Comparisons in LibTomMath are always performed in a ``left to right'' fashion. There are three possible return codes
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
823 for any comparison.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
824
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
825 \index{MP\_GT} \index{MP\_EQ} \index{MP\_LT}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
826 \begin{figure}[here]
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
827 \begin{center}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
828 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
829 \hline \textbf{Result Code} & \textbf{Meaning} \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
830 \hline MP\_GT & $a > b$ \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
831 \hline MP\_EQ & $a = b$ \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
832 \hline MP\_LT & $a < b$ \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
833 \hline
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
834 \end{tabular}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
835 \end{center}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
836 \caption{Comparison Codes for $a, b$}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
837 \label{fig:CMP}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
838 \end{figure}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
839
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
840 In figure \ref{fig:CMP} two integers $a$ and $b$ are being compared. In this case $a$ is said to be ``to the left'' of
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
841 $b$.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
842
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
843 \subsection{Unsigned comparison}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
844
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
845 An unsigned comparison considers only the digits themselves and not the associated \textit{sign} flag of the
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
846 mp\_int structures. This is analogous to an absolute comparison. The function mp\_cmp\_mag() will compare two
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
847 mp\_int variables based on their digits only.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
848
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
849 \index{mp\_cmp\_mag}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
850 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
851 int mp_cmp_mag(mp_int * a, mp_int * b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
852 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
853 This will compare $a$ to $b$ placing $a$ to the left of $b$. This function cannot fail and will return one of the
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
854 three compare codes listed in figure \ref{fig:CMP}.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
855
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
856 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
857 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
858 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
859 mp_int number1, number2;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
860 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
861
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
862 if ((result = mp_init_multi(&number1, &number2, NULL)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
863 printf("Error initializing the numbers. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
864 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
865 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
866 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
867
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
868 /* set the number1 to 5 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
869 mp_set(&number1, 5);
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
870
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
871 /* set the number2 to -6 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
872 mp_set(&number2, 6);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
873 if ((result = mp_neg(&number2, &number2)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
874 printf("Error negating number2. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
875 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
876 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
877 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
878
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
879 switch(mp_cmp_mag(&number1, &number2)) \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
880 case MP_GT: printf("|number1| > |number2|"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
881 case MP_EQ: printf("|number1| = |number2|"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
882 case MP_LT: printf("|number1| < |number2|"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
883 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
884
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
885 /* we're done with it. */
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
886 mp_clear_multi(&number1, &number2, NULL);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
887
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
888 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
889 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
890 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
891
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
892 If this program\footnote{This function uses the mp\_neg() function which is discussed in section \ref{sec:NEG}.} completes
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
893 successfully it should print the following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
894
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
895 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
896 |number1| < |number2|
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
897 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
898
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
899 This is because $\vert -6 \vert = 6$ and obviously $5 < 6$.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
900
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
901 \subsection{Signed comparison}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
902
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
903 To compare two mp\_int variables based on their signed value the mp\_cmp() function is provided.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
904
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
905 \index{mp\_cmp}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
906 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
907 int mp_cmp(mp_int * a, mp_int * b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
908 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
909
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
910 This will compare $a$ to the left of $b$. It will first compare the signs of the two mp\_int variables. If they
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
911 differ it will return immediately based on their signs. If the signs are equal then it will compare the digits
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
912 individually. This function will return one of the compare conditions codes listed in figure \ref{fig:CMP}.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
913
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
914 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
915 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
916 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
917 mp_int number1, number2;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
918 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
919
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
920 if ((result = mp_init_multi(&number1, &number2, NULL)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
921 printf("Error initializing the numbers. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
922 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
923 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
924 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
925
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
926 /* set the number1 to 5 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
927 mp_set(&number1, 5);
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
928
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
929 /* set the number2 to -6 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
930 mp_set(&number2, 6);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
931 if ((result = mp_neg(&number2, &number2)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
932 printf("Error negating number2. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
933 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
934 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
935 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
936
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
937 switch(mp_cmp(&number1, &number2)) \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
938 case MP_GT: printf("number1 > number2"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
939 case MP_EQ: printf("number1 = number2"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
940 case MP_LT: printf("number1 < number2"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
941 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
942
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
943 /* we're done with it. */
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
944 mp_clear_multi(&number1, &number2, NULL);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
945
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
946 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
947 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
948 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
949
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
950 If this program\footnote{This function uses the mp\_neg() function which is discussed in section \ref{sec:NEG}.} completes
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
951 successfully it should print the following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
952
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
953 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
954 number1 > number2
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
955 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
956
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
957 \subsection{Single Digit}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
958
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
959 To compare a single digit against an mp\_int the following function has been provided.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
960
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
961 \index{mp\_cmp\_d}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
962 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
963 int mp_cmp_d(mp_int * a, mp_digit b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
964 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
965
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
966 This will compare $a$ to the left of $b$ using a signed comparison. Note that it will always treat $b$ as
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
967 positive. This function is rather handy when you have to compare against small values such as $1$ (which often
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
968 comes up in cryptography). The function cannot fail and will return one of the tree compare condition codes
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
969 listed in figure \ref{fig:CMP}.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
970
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
971
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
972 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
973 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
974 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
975 mp_int number;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
976 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
977
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
978 if ((result = mp_init(&number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
979 printf("Error initializing the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
980 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
981 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
982 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
983
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
984 /* set the number to 5 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
985 mp_set(&number, 5);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
986
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
987 switch(mp_cmp_d(&number, 7)) \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
988 case MP_GT: printf("number > 7"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
989 case MP_EQ: printf("number = 7"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
990 case MP_LT: printf("number < 7"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
991 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
992
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
993 /* we're done with it. */
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
994 mp_clear(&number);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
995
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
996 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
997 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
998 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
999
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 If this program functions properly it will print out the following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1001
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 number < 7
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1005
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 \section{Logical Operations}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1007
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 Logical operations are operations that can be performed either with simple shifts or boolean operators such as
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 AND, XOR and OR directly. These operations are very quick.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1010
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1011 \subsection{Multiplication by two}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1012
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 Multiplications and divisions by any power of two can be performed with quick logical shifts either left or
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1014 right depending on the operation.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1015
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 When multiplying or dividing by two a special case routine can be used which are as follows.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1017 \index{mp\_mul\_2} \index{mp\_div\_2}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1018 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 int mp_mul_2(mp_int * a, mp_int * b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 int mp_div_2(mp_int * a, mp_int * b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1021 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1022
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 The former will assign twice $a$ to $b$ while the latter will assign half $a$ to $b$. These functions are fast
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 since the shift counts and maskes are hardcoded into the routines.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1025
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1026 \begin{small} \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1027 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1029 mp_int number;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1031
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1032 if ((result = mp_init(&number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1033 printf("Error initializing the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1034 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1035 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1037
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 /* set the number to 5 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 mp_set(&number, 5);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1040
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 /* multiply by two */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 if ((result = mp\_mul\_2(&number, &number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1043 printf("Error multiplying the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 switch(mp_cmp_d(&number, 7)) \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 case MP_GT: printf("2*number > 7"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 case MP_EQ: printf("2*number = 7"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 case MP_LT: printf("2*number < 7"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1052
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 /* now divide by two */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 if ((result = mp\_div\_2(&number, &number)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1055 printf("Error dividing the number. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1056 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 switch(mp_cmp_d(&number, 7)) \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1060 case MP_GT: printf("2*number/2 > 7"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 case MP_EQ: printf("2*number/2 = 7"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 case MP_LT: printf("2*number/2 < 7"); break;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1063 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1064
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1065 /* we're done with it. */
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 mp_clear(&number);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1067
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 \end{alltt} \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1071
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 If this program is successful it will print out the following text.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1073
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 2*number > 7
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 2*number/2 < 7
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1078
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1079 Since $10 > 7$ and $5 < 7$.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1080
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1081 To multiply by a power of two the following function can be used.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1082
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1083 \index{mp\_mul\_2d}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 int mp_mul_2d(mp_int * a, int b, mp_int * c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1087
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1088 This will multiply $a$ by $2^b$ and store the result in ``c''. If the value of $b$ is less than or equal to
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1089 zero the function will copy $a$ to ``c'' without performing any further actions. The multiplication itself
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1090 is implemented as a right-shift operation of $a$ by $b$ bits.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1091
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 To divide by a power of two use the following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1093
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 \index{mp\_div\_2d}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 int mp_div_2d (mp_int * a, int b, mp_int * c, mp_int * d);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1097 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1098 Which will divide $a$ by $2^b$, store the quotient in ``c'' and the remainder in ``d'. If $b \le 0$ then the
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 function simply copies $a$ over to ``c'' and zeroes $d$. The variable $d$ may be passed as a \textbf{NULL}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1100 value to signal that the remainder is not desired. The division itself is implemented as a left-shift
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1101 operation of $a$ by $b$ bits.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1102
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 \subsection{Polynomial Basis Operations}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1104
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1105 Strictly speaking the organization of the integers within the mp\_int structures is what is known as a
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 ``polynomial basis''. This simply means a field element is stored by divisions of a radix. For example, if
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1107 $f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{k} y_ix^k$ for any vector $\vec y$ then the array of digits in $\vec y$ are said to be
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1108 the polynomial basis representation of $z$ if $f(\beta) = z$ for a given radix $\beta$.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1109
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1110 To multiply by the polynomial $g(x) = x$ all you have todo is shift the digits of the basis left one place. The
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1111 following function provides this operation.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1112
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 \index{mp\_lshd}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1115 int mp_lshd (mp_int * a, int b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1117
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1118 This will multiply $a$ in place by $x^b$ which is equivalent to shifting the digits left $b$ places and inserting zeroes
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 in the least significant digits. Similarly to divide by a power of $x$ the following function is provided.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1120
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 \index{mp\_rshd}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 void mp_rshd (mp_int * a, int b)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 This will divide $a$ in place by $x^b$ and discard the remainder. This function cannot fail as it performs the operations
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1126 in place and no new digits are required to complete it.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1127
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 \subsection{AND, OR and XOR Operations}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1129
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 While AND, OR and XOR operations are not typical ``bignum functions'' they can be useful in several instances. The
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 three functions are prototyped as follows.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1132
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1133 \index{mp\_or} \index{mp\_and} \index{mp\_xor}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1134 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 int mp_or (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1136 int mp_and (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 int mp_xor (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1139
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1140 Which compute $c = a \odot b$ where $\odot$ is one of OR, AND or XOR.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1141
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1142 \section{Addition and Subtraction}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1143
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1144 To compute an addition or subtraction the following two functions can be used.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1145
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1146 \index{mp\_add} \index{mp\_sub}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 int mp_add (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 int mp_sub (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1150 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1151
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 Which perform $c = a \odot b$ where $\odot$ is one of signed addition or subtraction. The operations are fully sign
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 aware.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1154
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 \section{Sign Manipulation}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1156 \subsection{Negation}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 \label{sec:NEG}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 Simple integer negation can be performed with the following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1159
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 \index{mp\_neg}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 int mp_neg (mp_int * a, mp_int * b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1164
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1165 Which assigns $-a$ to $b$.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1166
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 \subsection{Absolute}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 Simple integer absolutes can be performed with the following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1169
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 \index{mp\_neg}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 int mp_abs (mp_int * a, mp_int * b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1174
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1175 Which assigns $\vert a \vert$ to $b$.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1176
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 \section{Integer Division and Remainder}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1178 To perform a complete and general integer division with remainder use the following function.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1179
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 \index{mp\_div}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1182 int mp_div (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c, mp_int * d);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 \end{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1184
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1185 This divides $a$ by $b$ and stores the quotient in $c$ and $d$. The signed quotient is computed such that
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1186 $bc + d = a$. Note that either of $c$ or $d$ can be set to \textbf{NULL} if their value is not required. If
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1187 $b$ is zero the function returns \textbf{MP\_VAL}.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1188
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1189
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 \chapter{Multiplication and Squaring}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 \section{Multiplication}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1192 A full signed integer multiplication can be performed with the following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 \index{mp\_mul}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1195 int mp_mul (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 \end{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1197 Which assigns the full signed product $ab$ to $c$. This function actually breaks into one of four cases which are
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1198 specific multiplication routines optimized for given parameters. First there are the Toom-Cook multiplications which
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1199 should only be used with very large inputs. This is followed by the Karatsuba multiplications which are for moderate
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1200 sized inputs. Then followed by the Comba and baseline multipliers.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1201
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 Fortunately for the developer you don't really need to know this unless you really want to fine tune the system. mp\_mul()
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 will determine on its own\footnote{Some tweaking may be required.} what routine to use automatically when it is called.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1204
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1205 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1206 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1207 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1208 mp_int number1, number2;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1209 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1210
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1211 /* Initialize the numbers */
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1212 if ((result = mp_init_multi(&number1,
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1213 &number2, NULL)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1214 printf("Error initializing the numbers. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1216 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1217 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1218
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1219 /* set the terms */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1220 if ((result = mp_set_int(&number, 257)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1221 printf("Error setting number1. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1222 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1223 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1224 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1225
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1226 if ((result = mp_set_int(&number2, 1023)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1227 printf("Error setting number2. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1228 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1229 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1231
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1232 /* multiply them */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 if ((result = mp_mul(&number1, &number2,
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 &number1)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1235 printf("Error multiplying terms. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1236 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1237 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1238 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1239
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1240 /* display */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 printf("number1 * number2 == \%lu", mp_get_int(&number1));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1242
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1243 /* free terms and return */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1244 mp_clear_multi(&number1, &number2, NULL);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1245
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1246 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1247 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1248 \end{alltt}
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1249
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1250 If this program succeeds it shall output the following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1251
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1252 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1253 number1 * number2 == 262911
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1254 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1255
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1256 \section{Squaring}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1257 Since squaring can be performed faster than multiplication it is performed it's own function instead of just using
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1258 mp\_mul().
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1259
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1260 \index{mp\_sqr}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1261 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1262 int mp_sqr (mp_int * a, mp_int * b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1263 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1264
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1265 Will square $a$ and store it in $b$. Like the case of multiplication there are four different squaring
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1266 algorithms all which can be called from mp\_sqr(). It is ideal to use mp\_sqr over mp\_mul when squaring terms because
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1267 of the speed difference.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1268
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1269 \section{Tuning Polynomial Basis Routines}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1270
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1271 Both of the Toom-Cook and Karatsuba multiplication algorithms are faster than the traditional $O(n^2)$ approach that
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1272 the Comba and baseline algorithms use. At $O(n^{1.464973})$ and $O(n^{1.584962})$ running times respectively they require
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1273 considerably less work. For example, a 10000-digit multiplication would take roughly 724,000 single precision
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1274 multiplications with Toom-Cook or 100,000,000 single precision multiplications with the standard Comba (a factor
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1275 of 138).
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1276
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1277 So why not always use Karatsuba or Toom-Cook? The simple answer is that they have so much overhead that they're not
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1278 actually faster than Comba until you hit distinct ``cutoff'' points. For Karatsuba with the default configuration,
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1279 GCC 3.3.1 and an Athlon XP processor the cutoff point is roughly 110 digits (about 70 for the Intel P4). That is, at
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 110 digits Karatsuba and Comba multiplications just about break even and for 110+ digits Karatsuba is faster.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1281
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1282 Toom-Cook has incredible overhead and is probably only useful for very large inputs. So far no known cutoff points
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 exist and for the most part I just set the cutoff points very high to make sure they're not called.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1285 A demo program in the ``etc/'' directory of the project called ``tune.c'' can be used to find the cutoff points. This
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 can be built with GCC as follows
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1287
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1288 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 make XXX
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 Where ``XXX'' is one of the following entries from the table \ref{fig:tuning}.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1292
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 \begin{figure}[here]
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 \begin{center}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 \begin{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1296 \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 \hline \textbf{Value of XXX} & \textbf{Meaning} \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 \hline tune & Builds portable tuning application \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 \hline tune86 & Builds x86 (pentium and up) program for COFF \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1300 \hline tune86c & Builds x86 program for Cygwin \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1301 \hline tune86l & Builds x86 program for Linux (ELF format) \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 \hline
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 \end{tabular}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 \end{center}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1306 \caption{Build Names for Tuning Programs}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 \label{fig:tuning}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 \end{figure}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1309
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 When the program is running it will output a series of measurements for different cutoff points. It will first find
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 good Karatsuba squaring and multiplication points. Then it proceeds to find Toom-Cook points. Note that the Toom-Cook
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1312 tuning takes a very long time as the cutoff points are likely to be very high.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1313
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 \chapter{Modular Reduction}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1315
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1316 Modular reduction is process of taking the remainder of one quantity divided by another. Expressed
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1317 as (\ref{eqn:mod}) the modular reduction is equivalent to the remainder of $b$ divided by $c$.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1318
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1319 \begin{equation}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1320 a \equiv b \mbox{ (mod }c\mbox{)}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1321 \label{eqn:mod}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1322 \end{equation}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1323
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1324 Of particular interest to cryptography are reductions where $b$ is limited to the range $0 \le b < c^2$ since particularly
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1325 fast reduction algorithms can be written for the limited range.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1326
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 Note that one of the four optimized reduction algorithms are automatically chosen in the modular exponentiation
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1328 algorithm mp\_exptmod when an appropriate modulus is detected.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1329
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1330 \section{Straight Division}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1331 In order to effect an arbitrary modular reduction the following algorithm is provided.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1332
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 \index{mp\_mod}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1334 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1335 int mp_mod(mp_int *a, mp_int *b, mp_int *c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1337
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1338 This reduces $a$ modulo $b$ and stores the result in $c$. The sign of $c$ shall agree with the sign
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1339 of $b$. This algorithm accepts an input $a$ of any range and is not limited by $0 \le a < b^2$.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1340
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1341 \section{Barrett Reduction}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1342
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1343 Barrett reduction is a generic optimized reduction algorithm that requires pre--computation to achieve
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1344 a decent speedup over straight division. First a $\mu$ value must be precomputed with the following function.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1345
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1346 \index{mp\_reduce\_setup}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1347 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1348 int mp_reduce_setup(mp_int *a, mp_int *b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1349 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1350
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1351 Given a modulus in $b$ this produces the required $\mu$ value in $a$. For any given modulus this only has to
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1352 be computed once. Modular reduction can now be performed with the following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1353
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1354 \index{mp\_reduce}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1355 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1356 int mp_reduce(mp_int *a, mp_int *b, mp_int *c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1357 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1358
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1359 This will reduce $a$ in place modulo $b$ with the precomputed $\mu$ value in $c$. $a$ must be in the range
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1360 $0 \le a < b^2$.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1361
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1362 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1363 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1364 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 mp_int a, b, c, mu;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1366 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1367
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1368 /* initialize a,b to desired values, mp_init mu,
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1369 * c and set c to 1...we want to compute a^3 mod b
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1371
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1372 /* get mu value */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1373 if ((result = mp_reduce_setup(&mu, b)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1374 printf("Error getting mu. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1375 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1376 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1377 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1378
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1379 /* square a to get c = a^2 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 if ((result = mp_sqr(&a, &c)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1381 printf("Error squaring. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1382 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1383 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1385
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1386 /* now reduce `c' modulo b */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 if ((result = mp_reduce(&c, &b, &mu)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1388 printf("Error reducing. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1389 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1390 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1391 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1392
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1393 /* multiply a to get c = a^3 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1394 if ((result = mp_mul(&a, &c, &c)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1395 printf("Error reducing. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1396 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1397 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1398 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1399
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1400 /* now reduce `c' modulo b */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1401 if ((result = mp_reduce(&c, &b, &mu)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1402 printf("Error reducing. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1403 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1404 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1405 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1406
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1407 /* c now equals a^3 mod b */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1408
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1410 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1411 \end{alltt}
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1412
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1413 This program will calculate $a^3 \mbox{ mod }b$ if all the functions succeed.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1414
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1415 \section{Montgomery Reduction}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1416
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1417 Montgomery is a specialized reduction algorithm for any odd moduli. Like Barrett reduction a pre--computation
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1418 step is required. This is accomplished with the following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1419
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 \index{mp\_montgomery\_setup}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1422 int mp_montgomery_setup(mp_int *a, mp_digit *mp);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1423 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1424
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1425 For the given odd moduli $a$ the precomputation value is placed in $mp$. The reduction is computed with the
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1426 following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1427
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1428 \index{mp\_montgomery\_reduce}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1429 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1430 int mp_montgomery_reduce(mp_int *a, mp_int *m, mp_digit mp);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1431 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1432 This reduces $a$ in place modulo $m$ with the pre--computed value $mp$. $a$ must be in the range
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1433 $0 \le a < b^2$.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1434
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1435 Montgomery reduction is faster than Barrett reduction for moduli smaller than the ``comba'' limit. With the default
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1436 setup for instance, the limit is $127$ digits ($3556$--bits). Note that this function is not limited to
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1437 $127$ digits just that it falls back to a baseline algorithm after that point.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1438
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1439 An important observation is that this reduction does not return $a \mbox{ mod }m$ but $aR^{-1} \mbox{ mod }m$
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1440 where $R = \beta^n$, $n$ is the n number of digits in $m$ and $\beta$ is radix used (default is $2^{28}$).
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1441
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 To quickly calculate $R$ the following function was provided.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1443
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1444 \index{mp\_montgomery\_calc\_normalization}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1445 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1446 int mp_montgomery_calc_normalization(mp_int *a, mp_int *b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1447 \end{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1448 Which calculates $a = R$ for the odd moduli $b$ without using multiplication or division.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1449
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1450 The normal modus operandi for Montgomery reductions is to normalize the integers before entering the system. For
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1451 example, to calculate $a^3 \mbox { mod }b$ using Montgomery reduction the value of $a$ can be normalized by
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1452 multiplying it by $R$. Consider the following code snippet.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1453
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1454 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1455 int main(void)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1456 \{
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1457 mp_int a, b, c, R;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1458 mp_digit mp;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1459 int result;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1460
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1461 /* initialize a,b to desired values,
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1462 * mp_init R, c and set c to 1....
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1463 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1464
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1465 /* get normalization */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1466 if ((result = mp_montgomery_calc_normalization(&R, b)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1467 printf("Error getting norm. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1468 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1469 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1470 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1471
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1472 /* get mp value */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1473 if ((result = mp_montgomery_setup(&c, &mp)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1474 printf("Error setting up montgomery. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1477 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1478
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1479 /* normalize `a' so now a is equal to aR */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1480 if ((result = mp_mulmod(&a, &R, &b, &a)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1481 printf("Error computing aR. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1483 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1484 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1485
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1486 /* square a to get c = a^2R^2 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1487 if ((result = mp_sqr(&a, &c)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1488 printf("Error squaring. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1489 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1490 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1491 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1492
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1493 /* now reduce `c' back down to c = a^2R^2 * R^-1 == a^2R */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1494 if ((result = mp_montgomery_reduce(&c, &b, mp)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1495 printf("Error reducing. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1496 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1497 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1498 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1499
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1500 /* multiply a to get c = a^3R^2 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1501 if ((result = mp_mul(&a, &c, &c)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1502 printf("Error reducing. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1503 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1504 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1505 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1506
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1507 /* now reduce `c' back down to c = a^3R^2 * R^-1 == a^3R */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1508 if ((result = mp_montgomery_reduce(&c, &b, mp)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1509 printf("Error reducing. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1510 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1511 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1512 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1513
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1514 /* now reduce (again) `c' back down to c = a^3R * R^-1 == a^3 */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1515 if ((result = mp_montgomery_reduce(&c, &b, mp)) != MP_OKAY) \{
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1516 printf("Error reducing. \%s",
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1517 mp_error_to_string(result));
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1518 return EXIT_FAILURE;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1519 \}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1520
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1521 /* c now equals a^3 mod b */
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1522
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1523 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1524 \}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1525 \end{alltt}
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1526
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1527 This particular example does not look too efficient but it demonstrates the point of the algorithm. By
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1528 normalizing the inputs the reduced results are always of the form $aR$ for some variable $a$. This allows
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1529 a single final reduction to correct for the normalization and the fast reduction used within the algorithm.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1530
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1531 For more details consider examining the file \textit{bn\_mp\_exptmod\_fast.c}.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1532
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1533 \section{Restricted Dimminished Radix}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1534
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1535 ``Dimminished Radix'' reduction refers to reduction with respect to moduli that are ameniable to simple
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1536 digit shifting and small multiplications. In this case the ``restricted'' variant refers to moduli of the
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1537 form $\beta^k - p$ for some $k \ge 0$ and $0 < p < \beta$ where $\beta$ is the radix (default to $2^{28}$).
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1538
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1539 As in the case of Montgomery reduction there is a pre--computation phase required for a given modulus.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1540
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1541 \index{mp\_dr\_setup}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1542 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1543 void mp_dr_setup(mp_int *a, mp_digit *d);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1544 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1545
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1546 This computes the value required for the modulus $a$ and stores it in $d$. This function cannot fail
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1547 and does not return any error codes. After the pre--computation a reduction can be performed with the
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1548 following.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1549
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1550 \index{mp\_dr\_reduce}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1551 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1552 int mp_dr_reduce(mp_int *a, mp_int *b, mp_digit mp);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1553 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1554
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1555 This reduces $a$ in place modulo $b$ with the pre--computed value $mp$. $b$ must be of a restricted
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1556 dimminished radix form and $a$ must be in the range $0 \le a < b^2$. Dimminished radix reductions are
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1557 much faster than both Barrett and Montgomery reductions as they have a much lower asymtotic running time.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1558
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1559 Since the moduli are restricted this algorithm is not particularly useful for something like Rabin, RSA or
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1560 BBS cryptographic purposes. This reduction algorithm is useful for Diffie-Hellman and ECC where fixed
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1561 primes are acceptable.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1562
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1563 Note that unlike Montgomery reduction there is no normalization process. The result of this function is
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1564 equal to the correct residue.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1565
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1566 \section{Unrestricted Dimminshed Radix}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1567
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1568 Unrestricted reductions work much like the restricted counterparts except in this case the moduli is of the
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1569 form $2^k - p$ for $0 < p < \beta$. In this sense the unrestricted reductions are more flexible as they
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1570 can be applied to a wider range of numbers.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1571
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1572 \index{mp\_reduce\_2k\_setup}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1573 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1574 int mp_reduce_2k_setup(mp_int *a, mp_digit *d);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1575 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1576
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1577 This will compute the required $d$ value for the given moduli $a$.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1578
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1579 \index{mp\_reduce\_2k}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1580 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1581 int mp_reduce_2k(mp_int *a, mp_int *n, mp_digit d);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1582 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1583
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1584 This will reduce $a$ in place modulo $n$ with the pre--computed value $d$. From my experience this routine is
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1585 slower than mp\_dr\_reduce but faster for most moduli sizes than the Montgomery reduction.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1586
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1587 \chapter{Exponentiation}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1588 \section{Single Digit Exponentiation}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1589 \index{mp\_expt\_d\_ex}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1590 \begin{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1591 int mp_expt_d_ex (mp_int * a, mp_digit b, mp_int * c, int fast)
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1592 \end{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1593 This function computes $c = a^b$.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1594
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1595 With parameter \textit{fast} set to $0$ the old version of the algorithm is used,
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1596 when \textit{fast} is $1$, a faster but not statically timed version of the algorithm is used.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1597
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1598 The old version uses a simple binary left-to-right algorithm.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1599 It is faster than repeated multiplications by $a$ for all values of $b$ greater than three.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1600
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1601 The new version uses a binary right-to-left algorithm.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1602
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1603 The difference between the old and the new version is that the old version always
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1604 executes $DIGIT\_BIT$ iterations. The new algorithm executes only $n$ iterations
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1605 where $n$ is equal to the position of the highest bit that is set in $b$.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1606
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1607 \index{mp\_expt\_d}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1608 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1609 int mp_expt_d (mp_int * a, mp_digit b, mp_int * c)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1610 \end{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1611 mp\_expt\_d(a, b, c) is a wrapper function to mp\_expt\_d\_ex(a, b, c, 0).
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1612
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1613 \section{Modular Exponentiation}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1614 \index{mp\_exptmod}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1615 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1616 int mp_exptmod (mp_int * G, mp_int * X, mp_int * P, mp_int * Y)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1617 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1618 This computes $Y \equiv G^X \mbox{ (mod }P\mbox{)}$ using a variable width sliding window algorithm. This function
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1619 will automatically detect the fastest modular reduction technique to use during the operation. For negative values of
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1620 $X$ the operation is performed as $Y \equiv (G^{-1} \mbox{ mod }P)^{\vert X \vert} \mbox{ (mod }P\mbox{)}$ provided that
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1621 $gcd(G, P) = 1$.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1622
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1623 This function is actually a shell around the two internal exponentiation functions. This routine will automatically
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1624 detect when Barrett, Montgomery, Restricted and Unrestricted Dimminished Radix based exponentiation can be used. Generally
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1625 moduli of the a ``restricted dimminished radix'' form lead to the fastest modular exponentiations. Followed by Montgomery
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1626 and the other two algorithms.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1627
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1628 \section{Root Finding}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1629 \index{mp\_n\_root}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1630 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1631 int mp_n_root (mp_int * a, mp_digit b, mp_int * c)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1632 \end{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1633 This computes $c = a^{1/b}$ such that $c^b \le a$ and $(c+1)^b > a$. The implementation of this function is not
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1634 ideal for values of $b$ greater than three. It will work but become very slow. So unless you are working with very small
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1635 numbers (less than 1000 bits) I'd avoid $b > 3$ situations. Will return a positive root only for even roots and return
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1636 a root with the sign of the input for odd roots. For example, performing $4^{1/2}$ will return $2$ whereas $(-8)^{1/3}$
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1637 will return $-2$.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1638
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1639 This algorithm uses the ``Newton Approximation'' method and will converge on the correct root fairly quickly. Since
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1640 the algorithm requires raising $a$ to the power of $b$ it is not ideal to attempt to find roots for large
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1641 values of $b$. If particularly large roots are required then a factor method could be used instead. For example,
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1642 $a^{1/16}$ is equivalent to $\left (a^{1/4} \right)^{1/4}$ or simply
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1643 $\left ( \left ( \left ( a^{1/2} \right )^{1/2} \right )^{1/2} \right )^{1/2}$
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1644
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1645 \chapter{Prime Numbers}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1646 \section{Trial Division}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1647 \index{mp\_prime\_is\_divisible}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1648 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1649 int mp_prime_is_divisible (mp_int * a, int *result)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1650 \end{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1651 This will attempt to evenly divide $a$ by a list of primes\footnote{Default is the first 256 primes.} and store the
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1652 outcome in ``result''. That is if $result = 0$ then $a$ is not divisible by the primes, otherwise it is. Note that
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1653 if the function does not return \textbf{MP\_OKAY} the value in ``result'' should be considered undefined\footnote{Currently
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1654 the default is to set it to zero first.}.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1655
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1656 \section{Fermat Test}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1657 \index{mp\_prime\_fermat}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1658 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1659 int mp_prime_fermat (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, int *result)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1660 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1661 Performs a Fermat primality test to the base $b$. That is it computes $b^a \mbox{ mod }a$ and tests whether the value is
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1662 equal to $b$ or not. If the values are equal then $a$ is probably prime and $result$ is set to one. Otherwise $result$
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1663 is set to zero.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1664
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1665 \section{Miller-Rabin Test}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1666 \index{mp\_prime\_miller\_rabin}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1667 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1668 int mp_prime_miller_rabin (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, int *result)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1669 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1670 Performs a Miller-Rabin test to the base $b$ of $a$. This test is much stronger than the Fermat test and is very hard to
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1671 fool (besides with Carmichael numbers). If $a$ passes the test (therefore is probably prime) $result$ is set to one.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1672 Otherwise $result$ is set to zero.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1673
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1674 Note that is suggested that you use the Miller-Rabin test instead of the Fermat test since all of the failures of
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1675 Miller-Rabin are a subset of the failures of the Fermat test.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1676
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1677 \subsection{Required Number of Tests}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1678 Generally to ensure a number is very likely to be prime you have to perform the Miller-Rabin with at least a half-dozen
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1679 or so unique bases. However, it has been proven that the probability of failure goes down as the size of the input goes up.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1680 This is why a simple function has been provided to help out.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1681
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1682 \index{mp\_prime\_rabin\_miller\_trials}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1683 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1684 int mp_prime_rabin_miller_trials(int size)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1685 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1686 This returns the number of trials required for a $2^{-96}$ (or lower) probability of failure for a given ``size'' expressed
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1687 in bits. This comes in handy specially since larger numbers are slower to test. For example, a 512-bit number would
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1688 require ten tests whereas a 1024-bit number would only require four tests.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1689
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1690 You should always still perform a trial division before a Miller-Rabin test though.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1691
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1692 \section{Primality Testing}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1693 \index{mp\_prime\_is\_prime}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1694 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1695 int mp_prime_is_prime (mp_int * a, int t, int *result)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1696 \end{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1697 This will perform a trial division followed by $t$ rounds of Miller-Rabin tests on $a$ and store the result in $result$.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1698 If $a$ passes all of the tests $result$ is set to one, otherwise it is set to zero. Note that $t$ is bounded by
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1699 $1 \le t < PRIME\_SIZE$ where $PRIME\_SIZE$ is the number of primes in the prime number table (by default this is $256$).
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1700
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1701 \section{Next Prime}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1702 \index{mp\_prime\_next\_prime}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1703 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1704 int mp_prime_next_prime(mp_int *a, int t, int bbs_style)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1705 \end{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1706 This finds the next prime after $a$ that passes mp\_prime\_is\_prime() with $t$ tests. Set $bbs\_style$ to one if you
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1707 want only the next prime congruent to $3 \mbox{ mod } 4$, otherwise set it to zero to find any next prime.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1708
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1709 \section{Random Primes}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1710 \index{mp\_prime\_random}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1711 \begin{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1712 int mp_prime_random(mp_int *a, int t, int size, int bbs,
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1713 ltm_prime_callback cb, void *dat)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1714 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1715 This will find a prime greater than $256^{size}$ which can be ``bbs\_style'' or not depending on $bbs$ and must pass
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1716 $t$ rounds of tests. The ``ltm\_prime\_callback'' is a typedef for
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1717
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1718 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1719 typedef int ltm_prime_callback(unsigned char *dst, int len, void *dat);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1720 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1721
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1722 Which is a function that must read $len$ bytes (and return the amount stored) into $dst$. The $dat$ variable is simply
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1723 copied from the original input. It can be used to pass RNG context data to the callback. The function
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1724 mp\_prime\_random() is more suitable for generating primes which must be secret (as in the case of RSA) since there
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1725 is no skew on the least significant bits.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1726
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1727 \textit{Note:} As of v0.30 of the LibTomMath library this function has been deprecated. It is still available
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1728 but users are encouraged to use the new mp\_prime\_random\_ex() function instead.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1729
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1730 \subsection{Extended Generation}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1731 \index{mp\_prime\_random\_ex}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1732 \begin{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1733 int mp_prime_random_ex(mp_int *a, int t,
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1734 int size, int flags,
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1735 ltm_prime_callback cb, void *dat);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1736 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1737 This will generate a prime in $a$ using $t$ tests of the primality testing algorithms. The variable $size$
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1738 specifies the bit length of the prime desired. The variable $flags$ specifies one of several options available
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1739 (see fig. \ref{fig:primeopts}) which can be OR'ed together. The callback parameters are used as in
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1740 mp\_prime\_random().
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1741
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1742 \begin{figure}[here]
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1743 \begin{center}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1744 \begin{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1745 \begin{tabular}{|r|l|}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1746 \hline \textbf{Flag} & \textbf{Meaning} \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1747 \hline LTM\_PRIME\_BBS & Make the prime congruent to $3$ modulo $4$ \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1748 \hline LTM\_PRIME\_SAFE & Make a prime $p$ such that $(p - 1)/2$ is also prime. \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1749 & This option implies LTM\_PRIME\_BBS as well. \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1750 \hline LTM\_PRIME\_2MSB\_OFF & Makes sure that the bit adjacent to the most significant bit \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1751 & Is forced to zero. \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1752 \hline LTM\_PRIME\_2MSB\_ON & Makes sure that the bit adjacent to the most significant bit \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1753 & Is forced to one. \\
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1754 \hline
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1755 \end{tabular}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1756 \end{small}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1757 \end{center}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1758 \caption{Primality Generation Options}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1759 \label{fig:primeopts}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1760 \end{figure}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1761
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1762 \chapter{Input and Output}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1763 \section{ASCII Conversions}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1764 \subsection{To ASCII}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1765 \index{mp\_toradix}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1766 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1767 int mp_toradix (mp_int * a, char *str, int radix);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1768 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1769 This still store $a$ in ``str'' as a base-``radix'' string of ASCII chars. This function appends a NUL character
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1770 to terminate the string. Valid values of ``radix'' line in the range $[2, 64]$. To determine the size (exact) required
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1771 by the conversion before storing any data use the following function.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1772
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1773 \index{mp\_radix\_size}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1774 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1775 int mp_radix_size (mp_int * a, int radix, int *size)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1776 \end{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1777 This stores in ``size'' the number of characters (including space for the NUL terminator) required. Upon error this
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1778 function returns an error code and ``size'' will be zero.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1779
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1780 \subsection{From ASCII}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1781 \index{mp\_read\_radix}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1782 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1783 int mp_read_radix (mp_int * a, char *str, int radix);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1784 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1785 This will read the base-``radix'' NUL terminated string from ``str'' into $a$. It will stop reading when it reads a
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1786 character it does not recognize (which happens to include th NUL char... imagine that...). A single leading $-$ sign
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1787 can be used to denote a negative number.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1788
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1789 \section{Binary Conversions}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1790
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1791 Converting an mp\_int to and from binary is another keen idea.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1792
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1793 \index{mp\_unsigned\_bin\_size}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1794 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1795 int mp_unsigned_bin_size(mp_int *a);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1796 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1797
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1798 This will return the number of bytes (octets) required to store the unsigned copy of the integer $a$.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1799
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1800 \index{mp\_to\_unsigned\_bin}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1801 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1802 int mp_to_unsigned_bin(mp_int *a, unsigned char *b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1803 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1804 This will store $a$ into the buffer $b$ in big--endian format. Fortunately this is exactly what DER (or is it ASN?)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1805 requires. It does not store the sign of the integer.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1806
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1807 \index{mp\_read\_unsigned\_bin}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1808 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1809 int mp_read_unsigned_bin(mp_int *a, unsigned char *b, int c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1810 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1811 This will read in an unsigned big--endian array of bytes (octets) from $b$ of length $c$ into $a$. The resulting
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1812 integer $a$ will always be positive.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1813
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1814 For those who acknowledge the existence of negative numbers (heretic!) there are ``signed'' versions of the
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1815 previous functions.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1816
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1817 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1818 int mp_signed_bin_size(mp_int *a);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1819 int mp_read_signed_bin(mp_int *a, unsigned char *b, int c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1820 int mp_to_signed_bin(mp_int *a, unsigned char *b);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1821 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1822 They operate essentially the same as the unsigned copies except they prefix the data with zero or non--zero
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1823 byte depending on the sign. If the sign is zpos (e.g. not negative) the prefix is zero, otherwise the prefix
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1824 is non--zero.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1825
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1826 \chapter{Algebraic Functions}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1827 \section{Extended Euclidean Algorithm}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1828 \index{mp\_exteuclid}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1829 \begin{alltt}
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1830 int mp_exteuclid(mp_int *a, mp_int *b,
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1831 mp_int *U1, mp_int *U2, mp_int *U3);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1832 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1833
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1834 This finds the triple U1/U2/U3 using the Extended Euclidean algorithm such that the following equation holds.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1835
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1836 \begin{equation}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1837 a \cdot U1 + b \cdot U2 = U3
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1838 \end{equation}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1839
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1840 Any of the U1/U2/U3 paramters can be set to \textbf{NULL} if they are not desired.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1841
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1842 \section{Greatest Common Divisor}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1843 \index{mp\_gcd}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1844 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1845 int mp_gcd (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1846 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1847 This will compute the greatest common divisor of $a$ and $b$ and store it in $c$.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1848
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1849 \section{Least Common Multiple}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1850 \index{mp\_lcm}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1851 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1852 int mp_lcm (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1853 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1854 This will compute the least common multiple of $a$ and $b$ and store it in $c$.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1855
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1856 \section{Jacobi Symbol}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1857 \index{mp\_jacobi}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1858 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1859 int mp_jacobi (mp_int * a, mp_int * p, int *c)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1860 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1861 This will compute the Jacobi symbol for $a$ with respect to $p$. If $p$ is prime this essentially computes the Legendre
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1862 symbol. The result is stored in $c$ and can take on one of three values $\lbrace -1, 0, 1 \rbrace$. If $p$ is prime
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1863 then the result will be $-1$ when $a$ is not a quadratic residue modulo $p$. The result will be $0$ if $a$ divides $p$
1436
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1864 and the result will be $1$ if $a$ is a quadratic residue modulo $p$.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1865
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1866 \section{Modular square root}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1867 \index{mp\_sqrtmod\_prime}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1868 \begin{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1869 int mp_sqrtmod_prime(mp_int *n, mp_int *p, mp_int *r)
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1870 \end{alltt}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1871
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1872 This will solve the modular equatioon $r^2 = n \mod p$ where $p$ is a prime number greater than 2 (odd prime).
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1873 The result is returned in the third argument $r$, the function returns \textbf{MP\_OKAY} on success,
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1874 other return values indicate failure.
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1875
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1876 The implementation is split for two different cases:
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1877
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1878 1. if $p \mod 4 == 3$ we apply \href{http://cacr.uwaterloo.ca/hac/}{Handbook of Applied Cryptography algorithm 3.36} and compute $r$ directly as
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1879 $r = n^{(p+1)/4} \mod p$
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1880
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1881 2. otherwise we use \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonelli-Shanks_algorithm}{Tonelli-Shanks algorithm}
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1882
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1883 The function does not check the primality of parameter $p$ thus it is up to the caller to assure that this parameter
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1884 is a prime number. When $p$ is a composite the function behaviour is undefined, it may even return a false-positive
60fc6476e044 Update to libtommath v1.0
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents: 389
diff changeset
1885 \textbf{MP\_OKAY}.
284
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1886
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1887 \section{Modular Inverse}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1888 \index{mp\_invmod}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1889 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1890 int mp_invmod (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c)
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1891 \end{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1892 Computes the multiplicative inverse of $a$ modulo $b$ and stores the result in $c$ such that $ac \equiv 1 \mbox{ (mod }b\mbox{)}$.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1893
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1894 \section{Single Digit Functions}
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1895
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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1896 For those using small numbers (\textit{snicker snicker}) there are several ``helper'' functions
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1897
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1898 \index{mp\_add\_d} \index{mp\_sub\_d} \index{mp\_mul\_d} \index{mp\_div\_d} \index{mp\_mod\_d}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1899 \begin{alltt}
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1900 int mp_add_d(mp_int *a, mp_digit b, mp_int *c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1901 int mp_sub_d(mp_int *a, mp_digit b, mp_int *c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1902 int mp_mul_d(mp_int *a, mp_digit b, mp_int *c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1903 int mp_div_d(mp_int *a, mp_digit b, mp_int *c, mp_digit *d);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1904 int mp_mod_d(mp_int *a, mp_digit b, mp_digit *c);
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1905 \end{alltt}
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1906
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1907 These work like the full mp\_int capable variants except the second parameter $b$ is a mp\_digit. These
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1908 functions fairly handy if you have to work with relatively small numbers since you will not have to allocate
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1909 an entire mp\_int to store a number like $1$ or $2$.
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1910
eed26cff980b propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltm.dropbear' (head 6c790cad5a7fa866ad062cb3a0c279f7ba788583)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1911 \input{bn.ind}
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff changeset
1912
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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1913 \end{document}