Mercurial > dropbear
annotate libtomcrypt/crypt.tex @ 1456:a90fdd2d2ed8 fuzz
add fuzzer-preauth_nomaths
| author | Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au> |
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| date | Tue, 23 Jan 2018 23:05:47 +0800 |
| parents | f849a5ca2efc |
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| rev | line source |
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1 \documentclass[synpaper]{book} |
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2 \usepackage[dvips]{geometry} |
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3 \usepackage{hyperref} |
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4 \usepackage{makeidx} |
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5 \usepackage{amssymb} |
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6 \usepackage{color} |
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7 \usepackage{alltt} |
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8 \usepackage{graphicx} |
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9 \usepackage{layout} |
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10 \usepackage{fancyhdr} |
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11 \def\union{\cup} |
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12 \def\intersect{\cap} |
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13 \def\getsrandom{\stackrel{\rm R}{\gets}} |
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14 \def\cross{\times} |
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15 \def\cat{\hspace{0.5em} \| \hspace{0.5em}} |
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16 \def\catn{$\|$} |
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17 \def\divides{\hspace{0.3em} | \hspace{0.3em}} |
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18 \def\nequiv{\not\equiv} |
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19 \def\approx{\raisebox{0.2ex}{\mbox{\small $\sim$}}} |
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20 \def\lcm{{\rm lcm}} |
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21 \def\gcd{{\rm gcd}} |
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22 \def\log{{\rm log}} |
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23 \def\ord{{\rm ord}} |
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24 \def\abs{{\mathit abs}} |
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25 \def\rep{{\mathit rep}} |
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26 \def\mod{{\mathit\ mod\ }} |
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27 \renewcommand{\pmod}[1]{\ ({\rm mod\ }{#1})} |
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28 \newcommand{\floor}[1]{\left\lfloor{#1}\right\rfloor} |
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29 \newcommand{\ceil}[1]{\left\lceil{#1}\right\rceil} |
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30 \def\Or{{\rm\ or\ }} |
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31 \def\And{{\rm\ and\ }} |
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32 \def\iff{\hspace{1em}\Longleftrightarrow\hspace{1em}} |
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33 \def\implies{\Rightarrow} |
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34 \def\undefined{{\rm \textit{undefined}}} |
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35 \def\Proof{\vspace{1ex}\noindent {\bf Proof:}\hspace{1em}} |
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36 \let\oldphi\phi |
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37 \def\phi{\varphi} |
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38 \def\Pr{{\rm Pr}} |
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39 \newcommand{\str}[1]{{\mathbf{#1}}} |
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40 \def\F{{\mathbb F}} |
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41 \def\N{{\mathbb N}} |
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42 \def\Z{{\mathbb Z}} |
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43 \def\R{{\mathbb R}} |
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44 \def\C{{\mathbb C}} |
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45 \def\Q{{\mathbb Q}} |
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46 \definecolor{DGray}{gray}{0.5} |
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47 \newcommand{\emailaddr}[1]{\mbox{$<${#1}$>$}} |
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48 \def\twiddle{\raisebox{0.3ex}{\mbox{\tiny $\sim$}}} |
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49 \def\gap{\vspace{0.5ex}} |
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50 \makeindex |
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51 \newcommand{\mysection}[1] % Re-define the chaptering command to use |
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52 { % THESE headers. |
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53 \section{#1} |
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54 \markboth{\textsf{www.libtom.org}}{\thesection ~ {#1}} |
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55 } |
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56 |
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57 \newcommand{\mystarsection}[1] % Re-define the chaptering command to use |
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58 { % THESE headers. |
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59 \section*{#1} |
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60 \markboth{\textsf{www.libtom.org}}{{#1}} |
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61 } |
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62 \pagestyle{empty} |
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63 \begin{document} |
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64 \frontmatter |
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65 \pagestyle{empty} |
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66 |
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67 ~ |
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68 |
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69 \vspace{2in} |
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70 |
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71 ~ |
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72 |
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73 \begin{center} |
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74 \begin{Huge}LibTomCrypt\end{Huge} |
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75 |
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76 ~ |
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77 |
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78 \begin{large}Developer Manual\end{large} |
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79 |
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80 ~ |
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81 |
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82 \vspace{15mm} |
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83 |
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84 |
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85 \begin{tabular}{c} |
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86 Tom St Denis \\ |
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87 LibTom Projects |
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88 \end{tabular} |
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89 \end{center} |
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90 \vfil |
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91 \newpage |
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92 This document is part of the LibTomCrypt package and is hereby released into the public domain. |
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93 |
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94 ~ |
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95 |
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96 Open Source. Open Academia. Open Minds. |
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97 |
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98 ~ |
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99 |
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100 \begin{flushright} |
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101 Tom St Denis |
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102 ~ |
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103 |
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104 Ottawa, Ontario |
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105 ~ |
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106 |
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107 Canada |
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108 ~ |
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109 \vfil |
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110 \end{flushright} |
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111 \newpage |
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112 |
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113 \tableofcontents |
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114 \listoffigures |
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115 \pagestyle{myheadings} |
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116 \mainmatter |
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117 \chapter{Introduction} |
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118 \mysection{What is the LibTomCrypt?} |
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119 LibTomCrypt is a portable ISO C cryptographic library meant to be a tool set for cryptographers who are |
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120 designing cryptosystems. It supports symmetric ciphers, one-way hashes, pseudo-random number generators, |
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121 public key cryptography (via PKCS \#1 RSA, DH or ECCDH), and a plethora of support routines. |
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122 |
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123 The library was designed such that new ciphers/hashes/PRNGs can be added at run-time and the existing API |
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124 (and helper API functions) are able to use the new designs automatically. There exists self-check functions for each |
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125 block cipher and hash function to ensure that they compile and execute to the published design specifications. The library |
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126 also performs extensive parameter error checking to prevent any number of run-time exploits or errors. |
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127 |
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128 \subsection{What the library IS for?} |
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129 |
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130 The library serves as a toolkit for developers who have to solve cryptographic problems. Out of the box LibTomCrypt |
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131 does not process SSL or OpenPGP messages, it doesn't read X.509 certificates, or write PEM encoded data. It does, however, |
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132 provide all of the tools required to build such functionality. LibTomCrypt was designed to be a flexible library that |
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133 was not tied to any particular cryptographic problem. |
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134 |
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135 \mysection{Why did I write it?} |
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136 You may be wondering, \textit{Tom, why did you write a crypto library. I already have one.} Well the reason falls into |
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137 two categories: |
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138 \begin{enumerate} |
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139 \item I am too lazy to figure out someone else's API. I'd rather invent my own simpler API and use that. |
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140 \item It was (still is) good coding practice. |
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141 \end{enumerate} |
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142 |
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143 The idea is that I am not striving to replace OpenSSL or Crypto++ or Cryptlib or etc. I'm trying to write my |
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144 {\bf own} crypto library and hopefully along the way others will appreciate the work. |
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145 |
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146 With this library all core functions (ciphers, hashes, prngs, and bignum) have the same prototype definition. They all load |
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147 and store data in a format independent of the platform. This means if you encrypt with Blowfish on a PPC it should decrypt |
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148 on an x86 with zero problems. The consistent API also means that if you learn how to use Blowfish with the library you |
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149 know how to use Safer+, RC6, or Serpent as well. With all of the core functions there are central descriptor tables |
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150 that can be used to make a program automatically pick between ciphers, hashes and PRNGs at run-time. That means your |
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151 application can support all ciphers/hashes/prngs/bignum without changing the source code. |
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152 |
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153 Not only did I strive to make a consistent and simple API to work with but I also attempted to make the library |
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154 configurable in terms of its build options. Out of the box the library will build with any modern version of GCC |
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155 without having to use configure scripts. This means that the library will work with platforms where development |
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156 tools may be limited (e.g. no autoconf). |
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157 |
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158 On top of making the build simple and the API approachable I've also attempted for a reasonably high level of |
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159 robustness and efficiency. LibTomCrypt traps and returns a series of errors ranging from invalid |
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160 arguments to buffer overflows/overruns. It is mostly thread safe and has been clocked on various platforms |
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161 with \textit{cycles per byte} timings that are comparable (and often favourable) to other libraries such as OpenSSL and |
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162 Crypto++. |
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163 |
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164 \subsection{Modular} |
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165 The LibTomCrypt package has also been written to be very modular. The block ciphers, one--way hashes, |
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166 pseudo--random number generators (PRNG), and bignum math routines are all used within the API through \textit{descriptor} tables which |
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167 are essentially structures with pointers to functions. While you can still call particular functions |
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168 directly (\textit{e.g. sha256\_process()}) this descriptor interface allows the developer to customize their |
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169 usage of the library. |
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170 |
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171 For example, consider a hardware platform with a specialized RNG device. Obviously one would like to tap |
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172 that for the PRNG needs within the library (\textit{e.g. making a RSA key}). All the developer has to do |
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173 is write a descriptor and the few support routines required for the device. After that the rest of the |
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174 API can make use of it without change. Similarly imagine a few years down the road when AES2 |
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175 (\textit{or whatever they call it}) has been invented. It can be added to the library and used within applications |
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176 with zero modifications to the end applications provided they are written properly. |
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177 |
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178 This flexibility within the library means it can be used with any combination of primitive algorithms and |
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179 unlike libraries like OpenSSL is not tied to direct routines. For instance, in OpenSSL there are CBC block |
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180 mode routines for every single cipher. That means every time you add or remove a cipher from the library |
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181 you have to update the associated support code as well. In LibTomCrypt the associated code (\textit{chaining modes in this case}) |
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182 are not directly tied to the ciphers. That is a new cipher can be added to the library by simply providing |
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183 the key setup, ECB decrypt and encrypt and test vector routines. After that all five chaining mode routines |
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184 can make use of the cipher right away. |
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185 |
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186 \mysection{License} |
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187 |
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188 The project is hereby released as public domain. |
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189 |
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190 \mysection{Patent Disclosure} |
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191 |
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192 The author (Tom St Denis) is not a patent lawyer so this section is not to be treated as legal advice. To the best |
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193 of the author's knowledge the only patent related issues within the library are the RC5 and RC6 symmetric block ciphers. |
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194 They can be removed from a build by simply commenting out the two appropriate lines in \textit{tomcrypt\_custom.h}. The rest |
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195 of the ciphers and hashes are patent free or under patents that have since expired. |
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196 |
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197 The RC2 and RC4 symmetric ciphers are not under patents but are under trademark regulations. This means you can use |
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198 the ciphers you just can't advertise that you are doing so. |
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199 |
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200 \mysection{Thanks} |
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201 I would like to give thanks to the following people (in no particular order) for helping me develop this project from |
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202 early on: |
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203 \begin{enumerate} |
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204 \item Richard van de Laarschot |
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205 \item Richard Heathfield |
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206 \item Ajay K. Agrawal |
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207 \item Brian Gladman |
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208 \item Svante Seleborg |
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209 \item Clay Culver |
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210 \item Jason Klapste |
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211 \item Dobes Vandermeer |
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212 \item Daniel Richards |
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213 \item Wayne Scott |
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214 \item Andrew Tyler |
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215 \item Sky Schulz |
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216 \item Christopher Imes |
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217 \end{enumerate} |
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218 |
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219 There have been quite a few other people as well. Please check the change log to see who else has contributed from |
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220 time to time. |
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221 |
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222 \chapter{The Application Programming Interface (API)} |
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223 \mysection{Introduction} |
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224 \index{CRYPT\_ERROR} \index{CRYPT\_OK} |
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225 |
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226 In general the API is very simple to memorize and use. Most of the functions return either {\bf void} or {\bf int}. Functions |
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227 that return {\bf int} will return {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if the function was successful, or one of the many error codes |
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228 if it failed. Certain functions that return int will return $-1$ to indicate an error. These functions will be explicitly |
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229 commented upon. When a function does return a CRYPT error code it can be translated into a string with |
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230 |
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231 \index{error\_to\_string()} |
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232 \begin{verbatim} |
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233 const char *error_to_string(int err); |
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234 \end{verbatim} |
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235 |
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236 An example of handling an error is: |
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237 \begin{small} |
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238 \begin{verbatim} |
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239 void somefunc(void) |
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240 { |
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241 int err; |
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242 |
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243 /* call a cryptographic function */ |
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244 if ((err = some_crypto_function(...)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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245 printf("A crypto error occurred, %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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246 /* perform error handling */ |
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247 } |
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248 /* continue on if no error occurred */ |
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249 } |
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250 \end{verbatim} |
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251 \end{small} |
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252 |
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253 There is no initialization routine for the library and for the most part the code is thread safe. The only thread |
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254 related issue is if you use the same symmetric cipher, hash or public key state data in multiple threads. Normally |
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255 that is not an issue. |
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256 |
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257 To include the prototypes for \textit{LibTomCrypt.a} into your own program simply include \textit{tomcrypt.h} like so: |
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258 \begin{small} |
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259 \begin{verbatim} |
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260 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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261 int main(void) { |
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262 return 0; |
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263 } |
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264 \end{verbatim} |
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265 \end{small} |
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266 |
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267 The header file \textit{tomcrypt.h} also includes \textit{stdio.h}, \textit{string.h}, \textit{stdlib.h}, \textit{time.h} and \textit{ctype.h}. |
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268 |
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269 \mysection{Macros} |
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270 |
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271 There are a few helper macros to make the coding process a bit easier. The first set are related to loading and storing |
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272 32/64-bit words in little/big endian format. The macros are: |
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273 |
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274 \index{STORE32L} \index{STORE64L} \index{LOAD32L} \index{LOAD64L} \index{STORE32H} \index{STORE64H} \index{LOAD32H} \index{LOAD64H} \index{BSWAP} |
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275 \newpage |
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276 \begin{figure}[hpbt] |
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277 \begin{small} |
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278 \begin{center} |
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279 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} |
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280 \hline STORE32L(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf unsigned char} *y & $x \to y[0 \ldots 3]$ \\ |
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281 \hline STORE64L(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long long} x, {\bf unsigned char} *y & $x \to y[0 \ldots 7]$ \\ |
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282 \hline LOAD32L(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf unsigned char} *y & $y[0 \ldots 3] \to x$ \\ |
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283 \hline LOAD64L(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long long} x, {\bf unsigned char} *y & $y[0 \ldots 7] \to x$ \\ |
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284 \hline STORE32H(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf unsigned char} *y & $x \to y[3 \ldots 0]$ \\ |
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285 \hline STORE64H(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long long} x, {\bf unsigned char} *y & $x \to y[7 \ldots 0]$ \\ |
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286 \hline LOAD32H(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf unsigned char} *y & $y[3 \ldots 0] \to x$ \\ |
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287 \hline LOAD64H(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long long} x, {\bf unsigned char} *y & $y[7 \ldots 0] \to x$ \\ |
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288 \hline BSWAP(x) & {\bf unsigned long} x & Swap bytes \\ |
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289 \hline |
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290 \end{tabular} |
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291 \caption{Load And Store Macros} |
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292 \end{center} |
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293 \end{small} |
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294 \end{figure} |
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295 |
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296 There are 32 and 64-bit cyclic rotations as well: |
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297 \index{ROL} \index{ROR} \index{ROL64} \index{ROR64} \index{ROLc} \index{RORc} \index{ROL64c} \index{ROR64c} |
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298 \begin{figure}[hpbt] |
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299 \begin{small} |
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285
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300 \begin{center} |
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301 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} |
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302 \hline ROL(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf unsigned long} y & $x << y, 0 \le y \le 31$ \\ |
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303 \hline ROLc(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf const unsigned long} y & $x << y, 0 \le y \le 31$ \\ |
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304 \hline ROR(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf unsigned long} y & $x >> y, 0 \le y \le 31$ \\ |
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305 \hline RORc(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf const unsigned long} y & $x >> y, 0 \le y \le 31$ \\ |
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306 \hline && \\ |
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307 \hline ROL64(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf unsigned long} y & $x << y, 0 \le y \le 63$ \\ |
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308 \hline ROL64c(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf const unsigned long} y & $x << y, 0 \le y \le 63$ \\ |
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309 \hline ROR64(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf unsigned long} y & $x >> y, 0 \le y \le 63$ \\ |
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310 \hline ROR64c(x, y) & {\bf unsigned long} x, {\bf const unsigned long} y & $x >> y, 0 \le y \le 63$ \\ |
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311 \hline |
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312 \end{tabular} |
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313 \caption{Rotate Macros} |
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314 \end{center} |
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315 \end{small} |
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316 \end{figure} |
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317 |
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318 \mysection{Functions with Variable Length Output} |
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319 Certain functions such as (for example) \textit{rsa\_export()} give an output that is variable length. To prevent buffer overflows you |
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320 must pass it the length of the buffer where the output will be stored. For example: |
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321 \index{rsa\_export()} \index{error\_to\_string()} \index{variable length output} |
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322 \begin{small} |
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323 \begin{verbatim} |
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324 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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325 int main(void) { |
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326 rsa_key key; |
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327 unsigned char buffer[1024]; |
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328 unsigned long x; |
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329 int err; |
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330 |
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331 /* ... Make up the RSA key somehow ... */ |
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332 |
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333 /* lets export the key, set x to the size of the |
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334 * output buffer */ |
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335 x = sizeof(buffer); |
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336 if ((err = rsa_export(buffer, &x, PK_PUBLIC, &key)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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337 printf("Export error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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338 return -1; |
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339 } |
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340 |
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341 /* if rsa_export() was successful then x will have |
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342 * the size of the output */ |
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343 printf("RSA exported key takes %d bytes\n", x); |
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344 |
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345 /* ... do something with the buffer */ |
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346 |
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347 return 0; |
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348 } |
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349 \end{verbatim} |
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350 \end{small} |
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351 In the above example if the size of the RSA public key was more than 1024 bytes this function would return an error code |
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352 indicating a buffer overflow would have occurred. If the function succeeds, it stores the length of the output back into |
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353 \textit{x} so that the calling application will know how many bytes were used. |
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354 |
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355 As of v1.13, most functions will update your length on failure to indicate the size required by the function. Not all functions |
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356 support this so please check the source before you rely on it doing that. |
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357 |
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358 \mysection{Functions that need a PRNG} |
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359 \index{Pseudo Random Number Generator} \index{PRNG} |
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360 Certain functions such as \textit{rsa\_make\_key()} require a Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG). These functions do not setup |
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361 the PRNG themselves so it is the responsibility of the calling function to initialize the PRNG before calling them. |
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362 |
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363 Certain PRNG algorithms do not require a \textit{prng\_state} argument (sprng for example). The \textit{prng\_state} argument |
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364 may be passed as \textbf{NULL} in such situations. |
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365 |
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366 \index{register\_prng()} \index{rsa\_make\_key()} |
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367 \begin{small} |
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368 \begin{verbatim} |
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369 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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370 int main(void) { |
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371 rsa_key key; |
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372 int err; |
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373 |
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374 /* register the system RNG */ |
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375 register_prng(&sprng_desc) |
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376 |
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377 /* make a 1024-bit RSA key with the system RNG */ |
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378 if ((err = rsa_make_key(NULL, find_prng("sprng"), 1024/8, 65537, &key)) |
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379 != CRYPT_OK) { |
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380 printf("make_key error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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381 return -1; |
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382 } |
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383 |
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384 /* use the key ... */ |
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385 |
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386 return 0; |
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387 } |
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388 \end{verbatim} |
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389 \end{small} |
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390 |
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391 \mysection{Functions that use Arrays of Octets} |
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392 Most functions require inputs that are arrays of the data type \textit{unsigned char}. Whether it is a symmetric key, IV |
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393 for a chaining mode or public key packet it is assumed that regardless of the actual size of \textit{unsigned char} only the |
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394 lower eight bits contain data. For example, if you want to pass a 256 bit key to a symmetric ciphers setup routine, you |
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395 must pass in (a pointer to) an array of 32 \textit{unsigned char} variables. Certain routines (such as SAFER+) take |
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396 special care to work properly on platforms where an \textit{unsigned char} is not eight bits. |
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397 |
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398 For the purposes of this library, the term \textit{byte} will refer to an octet or eight bit word. Typically an array of |
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399 type \textit{byte} will be synonymous with an array of type \textit{unsigned char.} |
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400 |
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401 \chapter{Symmetric Block Ciphers} |
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402 \mysection{Core Functions} |
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403 LibTomCrypt provides several block ciphers with an ECB block mode interface. It is important to first note that you |
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404 should never use the ECB modes directly to encrypt data. Instead you should use the ECB functions to make a chaining mode, |
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405 or use one of the provided chaining modes. All of the ciphers are written as ECB interfaces since it allows the rest of |
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406 the API to grow in a modular fashion. |
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407 |
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408 \subsection{Key Scheduling} |
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409 All ciphers store their scheduled keys in a single data type called \textit{symmetric\_key}. This allows all ciphers to |
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410 have the same prototype and store their keys as naturally as possible. This also removes the need for dynamic memory |
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411 allocation, and allows you to allocate a fixed sized buffer for storing scheduled keys. All ciphers must provide six visible |
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412 functions which are (given that XXX is the name of the cipher) the following: |
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413 \index{Cipher Setup} |
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414 \begin{verbatim} |
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415 int XXX_setup(const unsigned char *key, |
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416 int keylen, |
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417 int rounds, |
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418 symmetric_key *skey); |
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419 \end{verbatim} |
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420 |
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421 The XXX\_setup() routine will setup the cipher to be used with a given number of rounds and a given key length (in bytes). |
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422 The number of rounds can be set to zero to use the default, which is generally a good idea. |
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423 |
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424 If the function returns successfully the variable \textit{skey} will have a scheduled key stored in it. It's important to note |
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425 that you should only used this scheduled key with the intended cipher. For example, if you call \textit{blowfish\_setup()} do not |
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426 pass the scheduled key onto \textit{rc5\_ecb\_encrypt()}. All built--in setup functions do not allocate memory off the heap so |
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427 when you are done with a key you can simply discard it (e.g. they can be on the stack). However, to maintain proper coding |
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428 practices you should always call the respective XXX\_done() function. This allows for quicker porting to applications with |
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429 externally supplied plugins. |
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430 |
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431 \subsection{ECB Encryption and Decryption} |
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432 To encrypt or decrypt a block in ECB mode there are these two functions per cipher: |
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433 \index{Cipher Encrypt} \index{Cipher Decrypt} |
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434 \begin{verbatim} |
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435 int XXX_ecb_encrypt(const unsigned char *pt, |
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436 unsigned char *ct, |
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437 symmetric_key *skey); |
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438 |
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439 int XXX_ecb_decrypt(const unsigned char *ct, |
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440 unsigned char *pt, |
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441 symmetric_key *skey); |
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442 \end{verbatim} |
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443 These two functions will encrypt or decrypt (respectively) a single block of text\footnote{The size of which depends on |
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444 which cipher you are using.}, storing the result in the \textit{ct} buffer (\textit{pt} resp.). It is possible that the input and output buffer are |
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445 the same buffer. For the encrypt function \textit{pt}\footnote{pt stands for plaintext.} is the input and |
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446 \textit{ct}\footnote{ct stands for ciphertext.} is the output. For the decryption function it's the opposite. They both |
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447 return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} on success. To test a particular cipher against test vectors\footnote{As published in their design papers.} |
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448 call the following self-test function. |
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449 |
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450 \subsection{Self--Testing} |
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451 \index{Cipher Testing} |
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452 \begin{verbatim} |
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453 int XXX_test(void); |
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454 \end{verbatim} |
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455 This function will return {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if the cipher matches the test vectors from the design publication it is |
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456 based upon. |
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457 |
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458 \subsection{Key Sizing} |
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459 For each cipher there is a function which will help find a desired key size. It is specified as follows: |
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460 \index{Key Sizing} |
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461 \begin{verbatim} |
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462 int XXX_keysize(int *keysize); |
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463 \end{verbatim} |
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464 Essentially, it will round the input keysize in \textit{keysize} down to the next appropriate key size. This function |
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465 will return {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if the key size specified is acceptable. For example: |
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466 \begin{small} |
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467 \begin{verbatim} |
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468 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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469 int main(void) |
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470 { |
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471 int keysize, err; |
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472 |
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473 /* now given a 20 byte key what keysize does Twofish want to use? */ |
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474 keysize = 20; |
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475 if ((err = twofish_keysize(&keysize)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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476 printf("Error getting key size: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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477 return -1; |
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478 } |
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479 printf("Twofish suggested a key size of %d\n", keysize); |
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480 return 0; |
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481 } |
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482 \end{verbatim} |
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483 \end{small} |
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484 This should indicate a keysize of sixteen bytes is suggested by storing 16 in \textit{keysize.} |
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485 |
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486 \subsection{Cipher Termination} |
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487 When you are finished with a cipher you can de--initialize it with the done function. |
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488 \begin{verbatim} |
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489 void XXX_done(symmetric_key *skey); |
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490 \end{verbatim} |
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491 For the software based ciphers within LibTomCrypt, these functions will not do anything. However, user supplied |
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492 cipher descriptors may require to be called for resource management purposes. To be compliant, all functions which call a cipher |
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493 setup function must also call the respective cipher done function when finished. |
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494 |
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495 \subsection{Simple Encryption Demonstration} |
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496 An example snippet that encodes a block with Blowfish in ECB mode. |
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497 |
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498 \index{blowfish\_setup()} \index{blowfish\_ecb\_encrypt()} \index{blowfish\_ecb\_decrypt()} \index{blowfish\_done()} |
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499 \begin{small} |
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500 \begin{verbatim} |
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501 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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502 int main(void) |
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503 { |
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504 unsigned char pt[8], ct[8], key[8]; |
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505 symmetric_key skey; |
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506 int err; |
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507 |
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508 /* ... key is loaded appropriately in key ... */ |
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509 /* ... load a block of plaintext in pt ... */ |
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510 |
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511 /* schedule the key */ |
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512 if ((err = blowfish_setup(key, /* the key we will use */ |
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513 8, /* key is 8 bytes (64-bits) long */ |
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514 0, /* 0 == use default # of rounds */ |
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515 &skey) /* where to put the scheduled key */ |
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516 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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517 printf("Setup error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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518 return -1; |
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519 } |
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520 |
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521 /* encrypt the block */ |
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522 blowfish_ecb_encrypt(pt, /* encrypt this 8-byte array */ |
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523 ct, /* store encrypted data here */ |
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524 &skey); /* our previously scheduled key */ |
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525 |
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526 /* now ct holds the encrypted version of pt */ |
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527 |
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528 /* decrypt the block */ |
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529 blowfish_ecb_decrypt(ct, /* decrypt this 8-byte array */ |
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530 pt, /* store decrypted data here */ |
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531 &skey); /* our previously scheduled key */ |
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532 |
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533 /* now we have decrypted ct to the original plaintext in pt */ |
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534 |
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535 /* Terminate the cipher context */ |
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536 blowfish_done(&skey); |
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537 |
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538 return 0; |
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539 } |
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540 \end{verbatim} |
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541 \end{small} |
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542 |
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543 \mysection{Key Sizes and Number of Rounds} |
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544 \index{Symmetric Keys} |
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545 As a general rule of thumb, do not use symmetric keys under 80 bits if you can help it. Only a few of the ciphers support smaller |
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546 keys (mainly for test vectors anyways). Ideally, your application should be making at least 256 bit keys. This is not |
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547 because you are to be paranoid. It is because if your PRNG has a bias of any sort the more bits the better. For |
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548 example, if you have $\mbox{Pr}\left[X = 1\right] = {1 \over 2} \pm \gamma$ where $\vert \gamma \vert > 0$ then the |
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549 total amount of entropy in N bits is $N \cdot -log_2\left ({1 \over 2} + \vert \gamma \vert \right)$. So if $\gamma$ |
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550 were $0.25$ (a severe bias) a 256-bit string would have about 106 bits of entropy whereas a 128-bit string would have |
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551 only 53 bits of entropy. |
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552 |
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553 The number of rounds of most ciphers is not an option you can change. Only RC5 allows you to change the number of |
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554 rounds. By passing zero as the number of rounds all ciphers will use their default number of rounds. Generally the |
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555 ciphers are configured such that the default number of rounds provide adequate security for the given block and key |
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556 size. |
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557 |
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558 \mysection{The Cipher Descriptors} |
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559 \index{Cipher Descriptor} |
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560 To facilitate automatic routines an array of cipher descriptors is provided in the array \textit{cipher\_descriptor}. An element |
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561 of this array has the following (partial) format (See Section \ref{sec:cipherdesc}): |
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562 |
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563 \begin{small} |
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564 \begin{verbatim} |
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565 struct _cipher_descriptor { |
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566 /** name of cipher */ |
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567 char *name; |
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568 |
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569 /** internal ID */ |
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570 unsigned char ID; |
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571 |
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572 /** min keysize (octets) */ |
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573 int min_key_length, |
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574 |
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575 /** max keysize (octets) */ |
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576 max_key_length, |
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577 |
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578 /** block size (octets) */ |
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579 block_length, |
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580 |
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581 /** default number of rounds */ |
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582 default_rounds; |
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583 ...<snip>... |
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584 }; |
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585 \end{verbatim} |
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586 \end{small} |
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587 |
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588 Where \textit{name} is the lower case ASCII version of the name. The fields \textit{min\_key\_length} and \textit{max\_key\_length} |
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589 are the minimum and maximum key sizes in bytes. The \textit{block\_length} member is the block size of the cipher |
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590 in bytes. As a good rule of thumb it is assumed that the cipher supports |
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591 the min and max key lengths but not always everything in between. The \textit{default\_rounds} field is the default number |
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592 of rounds that will be used. |
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593 |
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594 For a plugin to be compliant it must provide at least each function listed before the accelerators begin. Accelerators are optional, |
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595 and if missing will be emulated in software. |
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596 |
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597 The remaining fields are all pointers to the core functions for each cipher. The end of the cipher\_descriptor array is |
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598 marked when \textit{name} equals {\bf NULL}. |
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599 |
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600 As of this release the current cipher\_descriptors elements are the following: |
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601 \vfil |
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602 \index{Cipher descriptor table} |
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603 \index{blowfish\_desc} \index{xtea\_desc} \index{rc2\_desc} \index{rc5\_desc} \index{rc6\_desc} \index{saferp\_desc} \index{aes\_desc} \index{twofish\_desc} |
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604 \index{des\_desc} \index{des3\_desc} \index{noekeon\_desc} \index{skipjack\_desc} \index{anubis\_desc} \index{khazad\_desc} \index{kseed\_desc} \index{kasumi\_desc} |
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605 \begin{figure}[hpbt] |
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606 \begin{small} |
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607 \begin{center} |
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608 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} |
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609 \hline \textbf{Name} & \textbf{Descriptor Name} & \textbf{Block Size} & \textbf{Key Range} & \textbf{Rounds} \\ |
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610 \hline Blowfish & blowfish\_desc & 8 & 8 $\ldots$ 56 & 16 \\ |
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611 \hline X-Tea & xtea\_desc & 8 & 16 & 32 \\ |
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612 \hline RC2 & rc2\_desc & 8 & 8 $\ldots$ 128 & 16 \\ |
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613 \hline RC5-32/12/b & rc5\_desc & 8 & 8 $\ldots$ 128 & 12 $\ldots$ 24 \\ |
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614 \hline RC6-32/20/b & rc6\_desc & 16 & 8 $\ldots$ 128 & 20 \\ |
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615 \hline SAFER+ & saferp\_desc &16 & 16, 24, 32 & 8, 12, 16 \\ |
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616 \hline AES & aes\_desc & 16 & 16, 24, 32 & 10, 12, 14 \\ |
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617 & aes\_enc\_desc & 16 & 16, 24, 32 & 10, 12, 14 \\ |
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618 \hline Twofish & twofish\_desc & 16 & 16, 24, 32 & 16 \\ |
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619 \hline DES & des\_desc & 8 & 8 & 16 \\ |
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620 \hline 3DES (EDE mode) & des3\_desc & 8 & 24 & 16 \\ |
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621 \hline CAST5 (CAST-128) & cast5\_desc & 8 & 5 $\ldots$ 16 & 12, 16 \\ |
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622 \hline Noekeon & noekeon\_desc & 16 & 16 & 16 \\ |
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623 \hline Skipjack & skipjack\_desc & 8 & 10 & 32 \\ |
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624 \hline Anubis & anubis\_desc & 16 & 16 $\ldots$ 40 & 12 $\ldots$ 18 \\ |
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625 \hline Khazad & khazad\_desc & 8 & 16 & 8 \\ |
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626 \hline SEED & kseed\_desc & 16 & 16 & 16 \\ |
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627 \hline KASUMI & kasumi\_desc & 8 & 16 & 8 \\ |
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628 \hline |
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629 \end{tabular} |
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630 \end{center} |
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631 \end{small} |
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632 \caption{Built--In Software Ciphers} |
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633 \end{figure} |
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634 |
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635 \subsection{Notes} |
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636 \begin{small} |
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637 \begin{enumerate} |
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638 \item |
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639 For AES, (also known as Rijndael) there are four descriptors which complicate issues a little. The descriptors |
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640 rijndael\_desc and rijndael\_enc\_desc provide the cipher named \textit{rijndael}. The descriptors aes\_desc and |
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641 aes\_enc\_desc provide the cipher name \textit{aes}. Functionally both \textit{rijndael} and \textit{aes} are the same cipher. The |
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642 only difference is when you call find\_cipher() you have to pass the correct name. The cipher descriptors with \textit{enc} |
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643 in the middle (e.g. rijndael\_enc\_desc) are related to an implementation of Rijndael with only the encryption routine |
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644 and tables. The decryption and self--test function pointers of both \textit{encrypt only} descriptors are set to \textbf{NULL} and |
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645 should not be called. |
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646 |
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647 The \textit{encrypt only} descriptors are useful for applications that only use the encryption function of the cipher. Algorithms such |
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648 as EAX, PMAC and OMAC only require the encryption function. So far this \textit{encrypt only} functionality has only been implemented for |
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649 Rijndael as it makes the most sense for this cipher. |
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650 |
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651 \item |
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652 Note that for \textit{DES} and \textit{3DES} they use 8 and 24 byte keys but only 7 and 21 [respectively] bytes of the keys are in |
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653 fact used for the purposes of encryption. My suggestion is just to use random 8/24 byte keys instead of trying to make a 8/24 |
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654 byte string from the real 7/21 byte key. |
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655 |
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656 \item |
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657 Note that \textit{Twofish} has additional configuration options (Figure \ref{fig:twofishopts}) that take place at build time. These options are found in |
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658 the file \textit{tomcrypt\_cfg.h}. The first option is \textit{TWOFISH\_SMALL} which when defined will force the Twofish code |
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659 to not pre-compute the Twofish \textit{$g(X)$} function as a set of four $8 \times 32$ s-boxes. This means that a scheduled |
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660 key will require less ram but the resulting cipher will be slower. The second option is \textit{TWOFISH\_TABLES} which when |
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661 defined will force the Twofish code to use pre-computed tables for the two s-boxes $q_0, q_1$ as well as the multiplication |
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662 by the polynomials 5B and EF used in the MDS multiplication. As a result the code is faster and slightly larger. The |
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663 speed increase is useful when \textit{TWOFISH\_SMALL} is defined since the s-boxes and MDS multiply form the heart of the |
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664 Twofish round function. |
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665 |
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666 \begin{figure}[hpbt] |
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667 \index{Twofish build options} \index{TWOFISH\_SMALL} \index{TWOFISH\_TABLES} |
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668 \begin{small} |
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669 \begin{center} |
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670 \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} |
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671 \hline \textbf{TWOFISH\_SMALL} & \textbf{TWOFISH\_TABLES} & \textbf{Speed and Memory (per key)} \\ |
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672 \hline undefined & undefined & Very fast, 4.2KB of ram. \\ |
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673 \hline undefined & defined & Faster key setup, larger code. \\ |
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674 \hline defined & undefined & Very slow, 0.2KB of ram. \\ |
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675 \hline defined & defined & Faster, 0.2KB of ram, larger code. \\ |
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676 \hline |
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677 \end{tabular} |
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678 \end{center} |
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679 \end{small} |
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680 \caption{Twofish Build Options} |
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681 \label{fig:twofishopts} |
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682 \end{figure} |
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683 \end{enumerate} |
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684 \end{small} |
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685 |
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686 To work with the cipher\_descriptor array there is a function: |
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687 \index{find\_cipher()} |
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688 \begin{verbatim} |
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689 int find_cipher(char *name) |
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690 \end{verbatim} |
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691 Which will search for a given name in the array. It returns $-1$ if the cipher is not found, otherwise it returns |
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692 the location in the array where the cipher was found. For example, to indirectly setup Blowfish you can also use: |
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693 \begin{small} |
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694 \index{register\_cipher()} \index{find\_cipher()} \index{error\_to\_string()} |
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695 \begin{verbatim} |
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696 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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697 int main(void) |
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698 { |
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699 unsigned char key[8]; |
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700 symmetric_key skey; |
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701 int err; |
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702 |
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703 /* you must register a cipher before you use it */ |
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704 if (register_cipher(&blowfish_desc)) == -1) { |
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705 printf("Unable to register Blowfish cipher."); |
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706 return -1; |
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707 } |
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708 |
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709 /* generic call to function (assuming the key |
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710 * in key[] was already setup) */ |
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711 if ((err = |
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712 cipher_descriptor[find_cipher("blowfish")]. |
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713 setup(key, 8, 0, &skey)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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714 printf("Error setting up Blowfish: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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715 return -1; |
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716 } |
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717 |
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718 /* ... use cipher ... */ |
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719 } |
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720 \end{verbatim} |
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721 \end{small} |
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722 |
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723 A good safety would be to check the return value of \textit{find\_cipher()} before accessing the desired function. In order |
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724 to use a cipher with the descriptor table you must register it first using: |
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725 \index{register\_cipher()} |
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726 \begin{verbatim} |
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727 int register_cipher(const struct _cipher_descriptor *cipher); |
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728 \end{verbatim} |
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729 Which accepts a pointer to a descriptor and returns the index into the global descriptor table. If an error occurs such |
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730 as there is no more room (it can have 32 ciphers at most) it will return {\bf{-1}}. If you try to add the same cipher more |
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731 than once it will just return the index of the first copy. To remove a cipher call: |
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732 \index{unregister\_cipher()} |
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733 \begin{verbatim} |
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734 int unregister_cipher(const struct _cipher_descriptor *cipher); |
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735 \end{verbatim} |
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736 Which returns {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if it removes the cipher, otherwise it returns {\bf CRYPT\_ERROR}. |
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737 \begin{small} |
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738 \begin{verbatim} |
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739 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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740 int main(void) |
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741 { |
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742 int err; |
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743 |
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744 /* register the cipher */ |
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745 if (register_cipher(&rijndael_desc) == -1) { |
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746 printf("Error registering Rijndael\n"); |
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747 return -1; |
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748 } |
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749 |
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750 /* use Rijndael */ |
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751 |
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752 /* remove it */ |
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753 if ((err = unregister_cipher(&rijndael_desc)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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754 printf("Error removing Rijndael: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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755 return -1; |
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756 } |
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757 |
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758 return 0; |
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759 } |
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760 \end{verbatim} |
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761 \end{small} |
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382
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762 This snippet is a small program that registers Rijndael. |
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763 |
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764 \mysection{Symmetric Modes of Operations} |
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765 \subsection{Background} |
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766 A typical symmetric block cipher can be used in chaining modes to effectively encrypt messages larger than the block |
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767 size of the cipher. Given a key $k$, a plaintext $P$ and a cipher $E$ we shall denote the encryption of the block |
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768 $P$ under the key $k$ as $E_k(P)$. In some modes there exists an initial vector denoted as $C_{-1}$. |
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769 |
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770 \subsubsection{ECB Mode} |
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771 \index{ECB mode} |
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772 ECB or Electronic Codebook Mode is the simplest method to use. It is given as: |
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773 \begin{equation} |
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774 C_i = E_k(P_i) |
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775 \end{equation} |
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776 This mode is very weak since it allows people to swap blocks and perform replay attacks if the same key is used more |
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777 than once. |
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778 |
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779 \subsubsection{CBC Mode} |
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780 \index{CBC mode} |
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781 CBC or Cipher Block Chaining mode is a simple mode designed to prevent trivial forms of replay and swap attacks on ciphers. |
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782 It is given as: |
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783 \begin{equation} |
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784 C_i = E_k(P_i \oplus C_{i - 1}) |
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785 \end{equation} |
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786 It is important that the initial vector be unique and preferably random for each message encrypted under the same key. |
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787 |
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788 \subsubsection{CTR Mode} |
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789 \index{CTR mode} |
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790 CTR or Counter Mode is a mode which only uses the encryption function of the cipher. Given a initial vector which is |
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791 treated as a large binary counter the CTR mode is given as: |
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792 \begin{eqnarray} |
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793 C_{-1} = C_{-1} + 1\mbox{ }(\mbox{mod }2^W) \nonumber \\ |
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794 C_i = P_i \oplus E_k(C_{-1}) |
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795 \end{eqnarray} |
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796 Where $W$ is the size of a block in bits (e.g. 64 for Blowfish). As long as the initial vector is random for each message |
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797 encrypted under the same key replay and swap attacks are infeasible. CTR mode may look simple but it is as secure |
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798 as the block cipher is under a chosen plaintext attack (provided the initial vector is unique). |
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799 |
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800 \subsubsection{CFB Mode} |
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801 \index{CFB mode} |
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802 CFB or Ciphertext Feedback Mode is a mode akin to CBC. It is given as: |
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803 \begin{eqnarray} |
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804 C_i = P_i \oplus C_{-1} \nonumber \\ |
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805 C_{-1} = E_k(C_i) |
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806 \end{eqnarray} |
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807 Note that in this library the output feedback width is equal to the size of the block cipher. That is this mode is used |
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808 to encrypt whole blocks at a time. However, the library will buffer data allowing the user to encrypt or decrypt partial |
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809 blocks without a delay. When this mode is first setup it will initially encrypt the initial vector as required. |
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810 |
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811 \subsubsection{OFB Mode} |
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812 \index{OFB mode} |
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813 OFB or Output Feedback Mode is a mode akin to CBC as well. It is given as: |
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814 \begin{eqnarray} |
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815 C_{-1} = E_k(C_{-1}) \nonumber \\ |
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816 C_i = P_i \oplus C_{-1} |
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817 \end{eqnarray} |
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818 Like the CFB mode the output width in CFB mode is the same as the width of the block cipher. OFB mode will also |
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819 buffer the output which will allow you to encrypt or decrypt partial blocks without delay. |
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820 |
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821 \subsection{Choice of Mode} |
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822 My personal preference is for the CTR mode since it has several key benefits: |
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823 \begin{enumerate} |
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824 \item No short cycles which is possible in the OFB and CFB modes. |
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825 \item Provably as secure as the block cipher being used under a chosen plaintext attack. |
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826 \item Technically does not require the decryption routine of the cipher. |
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827 \item Allows random access to the plaintext. |
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828 \item Allows the encryption of block sizes that are not equal to the size of the block cipher. |
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829 \end{enumerate} |
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830 The CTR, CFB and OFB routines provided allow you to encrypt block sizes that differ from the ciphers block size. They |
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831 accomplish this by buffering the data required to complete a block. This allows you to encrypt or decrypt any size |
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832 block of memory with either of the three modes. |
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833 |
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834 The ECB and CBC modes process blocks of the same size as the cipher at a time. Therefore, they are less flexible than the |
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835 other modes. |
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836 |
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837 \subsection{Ciphertext Stealing} |
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838 \index{Ciphertext stealing} |
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839 Ciphertext stealing is a method of dealing with messages in CBC mode which are not a multiple of the block length. This is accomplished |
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840 by encrypting the last ciphertext block in ECB mode, and XOR'ing the output against the last partial block of plaintext. LibTomCrypt does not |
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841 support this mode directly but it is fairly easy to emulate with a call to the cipher's ecb\_encrypt() callback function. |
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842 |
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843 The more sane way to deal with partial blocks is to pad them with zeroes, and then use CBC normally. |
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844 |
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845 \subsection{Initialization} |
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846 \index{CBC Mode} \index{CTR Mode} |
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847 \index{OFB Mode} \index{CFB Mode} |
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848 The library provides simple support routines for handling CBC, CTR, CFB, OFB and ECB encoded messages. Assuming the mode |
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849 you want is XXX there is a structure called \textit{symmetric\_XXX} that will contain the information required to |
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850 use that mode. They have identical setup routines (except CTR and ECB mode): |
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851 \index{ecb\_start()} \index{cfb\_start()} \index{cbc\_start()} \index{ofb\_start()} \index{ctr\_start()} |
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852 \begin{verbatim} |
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853 int XXX_start( int cipher, |
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854 const unsigned char *IV, |
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855 const unsigned char *key, |
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856 int keylen, |
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857 int num_rounds, |
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858 symmetric_XXX *XXX); |
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859 |
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860 int ctr_start( int cipher, |
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861 const unsigned char *IV, |
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862 const unsigned char *key, |
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863 int keylen, |
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864 int num_rounds, |
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865 int ctr_mode, |
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866 symmetric_CTR *ctr); |
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867 |
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868 int ecb_start( int cipher, |
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869 const unsigned char *key, |
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870 int keylen, |
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871 int num_rounds, |
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872 symmetric_ECB *ecb); |
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873 \end{verbatim} |
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874 |
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875 In each case, \textit{cipher} is the index into the cipher\_descriptor array of the cipher you want to use. The \textit{IV} value is |
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876 the initialization vector to be used with the cipher. You must fill the IV yourself and it is assumed they are the same |
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877 length as the block size\footnote{In other words the size of a block of plaintext for the cipher, e.g. 8 for DES, 16 for AES, etc.} |
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878 of the cipher you choose. It is important that the IV be random for each unique message you want to encrypt. The |
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879 parameters \textit{key}, \textit{keylen} and \textit{num\_rounds} are the same as in the XXX\_setup() function call. The final parameter |
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880 is a pointer to the structure you want to hold the information for the mode of operation. |
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881 |
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882 The routines return {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if the cipher initialized correctly, otherwise, they return an error code. |
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883 |
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884 \subsubsection{CTR Mode} |
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885 In the case of CTR mode there is an additional parameter \textit{ctr\_mode} which specifies the mode that the counter is to be used in. |
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886 If \textbf{CTR\_COUNTER\_ LITTLE\_ENDIAN} was specified then the counter will be treated as a little endian value. Otherwise, if |
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887 \textbf{CTR\_COUNTER\_BIG\_ENDIAN} was specified the counter will be treated as a big endian value. As of v1.15 the RFC 3686 style of |
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888 increment then encrypt is also supported. By OR'ing \textbf{LTC\_CTR\_RFC3686} with the CTR \textit{mode} value, ctr\_start() will increment |
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889 the counter before encrypting it for the first time. |
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890 |
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891 As of V1.17, the library supports variable length counters for CTR mode. The (optional) counter length is specified by OR'ing the octet |
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892 length of the counter against the \textit{ctr\_mode} parameter. The default, zero, indicates that a full block length counter will be used. This also |
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893 ensures backwards compatibility with software that uses older versions of the library. |
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894 |
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895 \begin{small} |
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896 \begin{verbatim} |
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897 symmetric_CTR ctr; |
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898 int err; |
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899 unsigned char IV[16], key[16]; |
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900 |
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901 /* use a 32-bit little endian counter */ |
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902 if ((err = ctr_start(find_cipher("aes"), |
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903 IV, key, 16, 0, |
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904 CTR_COUNTER_LITTLE_ENDIAN | 4, |
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905 &ctr)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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906 handle_error(err); |
|
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907 } |
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908 \end{verbatim} |
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909 \end{small} |
|
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910 |
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911 Changing the counter size has little (really no) effect on the performance of the CTR chaining mode. It is provided for compatibility |
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912 with other software (and hardware) which have smaller fixed sized counters. |
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913 |
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914 \subsection{Encryption and Decryption} |
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915 To actually encrypt or decrypt the following routines are provided: |
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916 \index{ecb\_encrypt()} \index{ecb\_decrypt()} \index{cfb\_encrypt()} \index{cfb\_decrypt()} |
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917 \index{cbc\_encrypt()} \index{cbc\_decrypt()} \index{ofb\_encrypt()} \index{ofb\_decrypt()} \index{ctr\_encrypt()} \index{ctr\_decrypt()} |
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918 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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919 int XXX_encrypt(const unsigned char *pt, |
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920 unsigned char *ct, |
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921 unsigned long len, |
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922 symmetric_YYY *YYY); |
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923 |
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924 int XXX_decrypt(const unsigned char *ct, |
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925 unsigned char *pt, |
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926 unsigned long len, |
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927 symmetric_YYY *YYY); |
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928 \end{verbatim} |
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929 Where \textit{XXX} is one of $\lbrace ecb, cbc, ctr, cfb, ofb \rbrace$. |
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930 |
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931 In all cases, \textit{len} is the size of the buffer (as number of octets) to encrypt or decrypt. The CTR, OFB and CFB modes are order sensitive but not |
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932 chunk sensitive. That is you can encrypt \textit{ABCDEF} in three calls like \textit{AB}, \textit{CD}, \textit{EF} or two like \textit{ABCDE} and \textit{F} |
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933 and end up with the same ciphertext. However, encrypting \textit{ABC} and \textit{DABC} will result in different ciphertexts. All |
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934 five of the modes will return {\bf CRYPT\_OK} on success from the encrypt or decrypt functions. |
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935 |
|
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936 In the ECB and CBC cases, \textit{len} must be a multiple of the ciphers block size. In the CBC case, you must manually pad the end of your message (either with |
|
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937 zeroes or with whatever your protocol requires). |
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938 |
|
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939 To decrypt in either mode, perform the setup like before (recall you have to fetch the IV value you used), and use the decrypt routine on all of the blocks. |
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940 |
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941 \subsection{IV Manipulation} |
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942 To change or read the IV of a previously initialized chaining mode use the following two functions. |
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943 \index{cbc\_setiv()} \index{cbc\_getiv()} \index{ofb\_setiv()} \index{ofb\_getiv()} \index{cfb\_setiv()} \index{cfb\_getiv()} |
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944 \index{ctr\_setiv()} \index{ctr\_getiv()} |
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945 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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946 int XXX_getiv(unsigned char *IV, |
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947 unsigned long *len, |
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948 symmetric_XXX *XXX); |
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949 |
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950 int XXX_setiv(const unsigned char *IV, |
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951 unsigned long len, |
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952 symmetric_XXX *XXX); |
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953 \end{verbatim} |
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954 |
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955 The XXX\_getiv() functions will read the IV out of the chaining mode and store it into \textit{IV} along with the length of the IV |
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956 stored in \textit{len}. The XXX\_setiv will initialize the chaining mode state as if the original IV were the new IV specified. The length |
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957 of the IV passed in must be the size of the ciphers block size. |
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958 |
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959 The XXX\_setiv() functions are handy if you wish to change the IV without re--keying the cipher. |
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960 |
|
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961 What the \textit{setiv} function will do depends on the mode being changed. In CBC mode, the new IV replaces the existing IV as if it |
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962 were the last ciphertext block. In CFB mode, the IV is encrypted as if it were the prior encrypted pad. In CTR mode, the IV is encrypted without |
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963 first incrementing it (regardless of the LTC\_RFC\_3686 flag presence). In F8 mode, the IV is encrypted and becomes the new pad. It does not change |
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964 the salted IV, and is only meant to allow seeking within a session. In LRW, it changes the tweak, forcing a computation of the tweak pad, allowing for |
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965 seeking within the session. In OFB mode, the IV is encrypted and becomes the new pad. |
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966 |
|
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967 \subsection{Stream Termination} |
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968 To terminate an open stream call the done function. |
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969 |
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970 \index{ecb\_done()} \index{cbc\_done()}\index{cfb\_done()}\index{ofb\_done()} \index{ctr\_done()} |
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971 \begin{verbatim} |
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972 int XXX_done(symmetric_XXX *XXX); |
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973 \end{verbatim} |
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974 |
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975 This will terminate the stream (by terminating the cipher) and return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} if successful. |
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976 |
|
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977 \newpage |
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978 \subsection{Examples} |
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979 \begin{small} |
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980 \begin{verbatim} |
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981 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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982 int main(void) |
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983 { |
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984 unsigned char key[16], IV[16], buffer[512]; |
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985 symmetric_CTR ctr; |
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986 int x, err; |
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987 |
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988 /* register twofish first */ |
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989 if (register_cipher(&twofish_desc) == -1) { |
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990 printf("Error registering cipher.\n"); |
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991 return -1; |
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992 } |
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993 |
|
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994 /* somehow fill out key and IV */ |
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995 |
|
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996 /* start up CTR mode */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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997 if ((err = ctr_start( |
|
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998 find_cipher("twofish"), /* index of desired cipher */ |
|
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999 IV, /* the initial vector */ |
|
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1000 key, /* the secret key */ |
|
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1001 16, /* length of secret key (16 bytes) */ |
|
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1002 0, /* 0 == default # of rounds */ |
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1003 CTR_COUNTER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, /* Little endian counter */ |
|
382
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1004 &ctr) /* where to store the CTR state */ |
|
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1005 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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1006 printf("ctr_start error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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1007 return -1; |
|
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1008 } |
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1009 |
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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1010 /* somehow fill buffer than encrypt it */ |
|
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1011 if ((err = ctr_encrypt( buffer, /* plaintext */ |
|
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|
1012 buffer, /* ciphertext */ |
|
382
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1013 sizeof(buffer), /* length of plaintext pt */ |
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1014 &ctr) /* CTR state */ |
|
285
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1015 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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1016 printf("ctr_encrypt error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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1017 return -1; |
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1018 } |
|
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|
1019 |
|
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|
1020 /* make use of ciphertext... */ |
|
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1021 |
|
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1022 /* now we want to decrypt so let's use ctr_setiv */ |
|
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1023 if ((err = ctr_setiv( IV, /* the initial IV we gave to ctr_start */ |
|
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1024 16, /* the IV is 16 bytes long */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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1025 &ctr) /* the ctr state we wish to modify */ |
|
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|
1026 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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|
1027 printf("ctr_setiv error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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|
1028 return -1; |
|
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1029 } |
|
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1030 |
|
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1031 if ((err = ctr_decrypt( buffer, /* ciphertext */ |
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1032 buffer, /* plaintext */ |
|
382
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1033 sizeof(buffer), /* length of plaintext */ |
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1034 &ctr) /* CTR state */ |
|
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1035 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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|
1036 printf("ctr_decrypt error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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1037 return -1; |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
1038 } |
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1039 |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
1040 /* terminate the stream */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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1041 if ((err = ctr_done(&ctr)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
1042 printf("ctr_done error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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|
1043 return -1; |
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1b9e69c058d2
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1044 } |
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|
1045 |
|
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|
1046 /* clear up and return */ |
|
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|
1047 zeromem(key, sizeof(key)); |
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|
1048 zeromem(&ctr, sizeof(ctr)); |
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1049 |
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
1050 return 0; |
|
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|
1051 } |
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|
1052 \end{verbatim} |
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|
1053 \end{small} |
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|
1054 |
|
382
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1055 \subsection{LRW Mode} |
|
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1056 LRW mode is a cipher mode which is meant for indexed encryption like used to handle storage media. It is meant to have efficient seeking and overcome the |
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1057 security problems of ECB mode while not increasing the storage requirements. It is used much like any other chaining mode except with two key differences. |
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1058 |
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1059 The key is specified as two strings the first key $K_1$ is the (normally AES) key and can be any length (typically 16, 24 or 32 octets long). The second key |
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1060 $K_2$ is the \textit{tweak} key and is always 16 octets long. The tweak value is \textbf{NOT} a nonce or IV value it must be random and secret. |
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1061 |
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1062 To initialize LRW mode use: |
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1063 |
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1064 \index{lrw\_start()} |
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1065 \begin{verbatim} |
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1066 int lrw_start( int cipher, |
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1067 const unsigned char *IV, |
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1068 const unsigned char *key, |
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1069 int keylen, |
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1070 const unsigned char *tweak, |
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1071 int num_rounds, |
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1072 symmetric_LRW *lrw); |
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1073 \end{verbatim} |
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1074 |
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1075 This will initialize the LRW context with the given (16 octet) \textit{IV}, cipher $K_1$ \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} octets and the (16 octet) $K_2$ \textit{tweak}. |
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1076 While LRW was specified to be used only with AES, LibTomCrypt will allow any 128--bit block cipher to be specified as indexed by \textit{cipher}. The |
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1077 number of rounds for the block cipher \textit{num\_rounds} can be 0 to use the default number of rounds for the given cipher. |
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1078 |
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1079 To process data use the following functions: |
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1080 |
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1081 \index{lrw\_encrypt()} \index{lrw\_decrypt()} |
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1082 \begin{verbatim} |
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1083 int lrw_encrypt(const unsigned char *pt, |
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1084 unsigned char *ct, |
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1085 unsigned long len, |
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1086 symmetric_LRW *lrw); |
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1087 |
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1088 int lrw_decrypt(const unsigned char *ct, |
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1089 unsigned char *pt, |
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1090 unsigned long len, |
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1091 symmetric_LRW *lrw); |
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1092 \end{verbatim} |
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1093 |
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1094 These will encrypt (or decrypt) the plaintext to the ciphertext buffer (or vice versa). The length is specified by \textit{len} in octets but must be a multiple |
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1095 of 16. The LRW code uses a fast tweak update such that consecutive blocks are encrypted faster than if random seeking where used. |
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1096 |
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1097 To manipulate the IV use the following functions: |
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1098 |
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1099 \index{lrw\_getiv()} \index{lrw\_setiv()} |
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1100 \begin{verbatim} |
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1101 int lrw_getiv(unsigned char *IV, |
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1102 unsigned long *len, |
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1103 symmetric_LRW *lrw); |
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1104 |
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1105 int lrw_setiv(const unsigned char *IV, |
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1106 unsigned long len, |
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1107 symmetric_LRW *lrw); |
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1108 \end{verbatim} |
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1109 These will get or set the 16--octet IV. Note that setting the IV is the same as \textit{seeking} and unlike other modes is not a free operation. It requires |
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1110 updating the entire tweak which is slower than sequential use. Avoid seeking excessively in performance constrained code. |
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1111 |
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1112 To terminate the LRW state use the following: |
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1113 |
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1114 \index{lrw\_done()} |
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1115 \begin{verbatim} |
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1116 int lrw_done(symmetric_LRW *lrw); |
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1117 \end{verbatim} |
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1118 |
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1119 \subsection{XTS Mode} |
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1120 As of v1.17, LibTomCrypt supports XTS mode with code donated by Elliptic Semiconductor Inc.\footnote{www.ellipticsemi.com}. |
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1121 XTS is a chaining mode for 128--bit block ciphers, recommended by IEEE (P1619) |
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1122 for disk encryption. It is meant to be an encryption mode with random access to the message data without compromising privacy. It requires two private keys (of equal |
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1123 length) to perform the encryption process. Each encryption invocation includes a sector number or unique identifier specified as a 128--bit string. |
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1124 |
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1125 To initialize XTS mode use the following function call: |
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1126 |
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1127 \index{xts\_start()} |
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1128 \begin{verbatim} |
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1129 int xts_start( int cipher, |
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1130 const unsigned char *key1, |
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1131 const unsigned char *key2, |
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1132 unsigned long keylen, |
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1133 int num_rounds, |
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1134 symmetric_xts *xts) |
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1135 \end{verbatim} |
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1136 This will start the XTS mode with the two keys pointed to by \textit{key1} and \textit{key2} of length \textit{keylen} octets each. |
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1137 |
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1138 To encrypt or decrypt a sector use the following calls: |
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1139 |
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1140 \index{xts\_encrypt()} \index{xts\_decrypt()} |
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1141 \begin{verbatim} |
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1142 int xts_encrypt( |
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1143 const unsigned char *pt, unsigned long ptlen, |
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1144 unsigned char *ct, |
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1145 const unsigned char *tweak, |
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1146 symmetric_xts *xts); |
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1147 |
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1148 int xts_decrypt( |
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1149 const unsigned char *ct, unsigned long ptlen, |
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1150 unsigned char *pt, |
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1151 const unsigned char *tweak, |
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1152 symmetric_xts *xts); |
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1153 \end{verbatim} |
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1154 The first will encrypt the plaintext pointed to by \textit{pt} of length \textit{ptlen} octets, and store the ciphertext in the array pointed to by |
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1155 \textit{ct}. It uses the 128--bit tweak pointed to by \textit{tweak} to encrypt the block. The decrypt function performs the opposite operation. Both |
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1156 functions support ciphertext stealing (blocks that are not multiples of 16 bytes). |
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1157 |
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1158 The P1619 specification states the tweak for sector number shall be represented as a 128--bit little endian string. |
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1159 |
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1160 To terminate the XTS state call the following function: |
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1161 |
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1162 \index{xts\_done()} |
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1163 \begin{verbatim} |
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1164 void xts_done(symmetric_xts *xts); |
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1165 \end{verbatim} |
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1166 |
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1167 |
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1168 \subsection{F8 Mode} |
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1169 \index{F8 Mode} |
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1170 The F8 Chaining mode (see RFC 3711 for instance) is yet another chaining mode for block ciphers. It behaves much like CTR mode in that it XORs a keystream |
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1171 against the plaintext to encrypt. F8 mode comes with the additional twist that the counter value is secret, encrypted by a \textit{salt key}. We |
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1172 initialize F8 mode with the following function call: |
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1173 |
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1174 \index{f8\_start()} |
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1175 \begin{verbatim} |
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1176 int f8_start( int cipher, |
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1177 const unsigned char *IV, |
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1178 const unsigned char *key, |
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1179 int keylen, |
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1180 const unsigned char *salt_key, |
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1181 int skeylen, |
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1182 int num_rounds, |
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1183 symmetric_F8 *f8); |
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1184 \end{verbatim} |
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1185 This will start the F8 mode state using \textit{key} as the secret key, \textit{IV} as the counter. It uses the \textit{salt\_key} as IV encryption key |
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1186 (\textit{m} in the RFC 3711). The salt\_key can be shorter than the secret key but it should not be longer. |
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1187 |
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1188 To encrypt or decrypt data we use the following two functions: |
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1189 |
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1190 \index{f8\_encrypt()} \index{f8\_decrypt()} |
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1191 \begin{verbatim} |
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1192 int f8_encrypt(const unsigned char *pt, |
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1193 unsigned char *ct, |
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1194 unsigned long len, |
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1195 symmetric_F8 *f8); |
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1196 |
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1197 int f8_decrypt(const unsigned char *ct, |
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1198 unsigned char *pt, |
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1199 unsigned long len, |
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1200 symmetric_F8 *f8); |
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1201 \end{verbatim} |
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1202 These will encrypt or decrypt a variable length array of bytes using the F8 mode state specified. The length is specified in bytes and does not have to be a multiple |
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1203 of the ciphers block size. |
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1204 |
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1205 To change or retrieve the current counter IV value use the following functions: |
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1206 \index{f8\_getiv()} \index{f8\_setiv()} |
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1207 \begin{verbatim} |
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1208 int f8_getiv(unsigned char *IV, |
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1209 unsigned long *len, |
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1210 symmetric_F8 *f8); |
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1211 |
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1212 int f8_setiv(const unsigned char *IV, |
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1213 unsigned long len, |
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1214 symmetric_F8 *f8); |
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1215 \end{verbatim} |
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1216 These work with the current IV value only and not the encrypted IV value specified during the call to f8\_start(). The purpose of these two functions is to be |
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1217 able to seek within a current session only. If you want to change the session IV you will have to call f8\_done() and then start a new state with |
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1218 f8\_start(). |
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1219 |
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1220 To terminate an F8 state call the following function: |
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1221 |
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1222 \index{f8\_done()} |
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1223 \begin{verbatim} |
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1224 int f8_done(symmetric_F8 *f8); |
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1225 \end{verbatim} |
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1226 |
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1227 \vfil |
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1228 \mysection{Encrypt and Authenticate Modes} |
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1229 |
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1230 \subsection{EAX Mode} |
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1231 LibTomCrypt provides support for a mode called EAX\footnote{See |
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1232 M. Bellare, P. Rogaway, D. Wagner, A Conventional Authenticated-Encryption Mode.} in a manner similar to the way it was intended to be used |
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1233 by the designers. First, a short description of what EAX mode is before we explain how to use it. EAX is a mode that requires a cipher, |
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1234 CTR and OMAC support and provides encryption and |
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1235 authentication\footnote{Note that since EAX only requires OMAC and CTR you may use \textit{encrypt only} cipher descriptors with this mode.}. |
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1236 It is initialized with a random \textit{nonce} that can be shared publicly, a \textit{header} which can be fixed and public, and a random secret symmetric key. |
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1237 |
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1238 The \textit{header} data is meant to be meta--data associated with a stream that isn't private (e.g., protocol messages). It can |
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1239 be added at anytime during an EAX stream, and is part of the authentication tag. That is, changes in the meta-data can be detected by changes in the output tag. |
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1240 |
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1241 The mode can then process plaintext producing ciphertext as well as compute a partial checksum. The actual checksum |
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1242 called a \textit{tag} is only emitted when the message is finished. In the interim, the user can process any arbitrary |
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1243 sized message block to send to the recipient as ciphertext. This makes the EAX mode especially suited for streaming modes |
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1244 of operation. |
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1245 |
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1246 The mode is initialized with the following function. |
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1247 \index{eax\_init()} |
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1248 \begin{verbatim} |
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1249 int eax_init( eax_state *eax, |
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1250 int cipher, |
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1251 const unsigned char *key, |
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1252 unsigned long keylen, |
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1253 const unsigned char *nonce, |
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1254 unsigned long noncelen, |
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1255 const unsigned char *header, |
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1256 unsigned long headerlen); |
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1257 \end{verbatim} |
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1258 |
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1259 Where \textit{eax} is the EAX state. The \textit{cipher} parameter is the index of the desired cipher in the descriptor table. |
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1260 The \textit{key} parameter is the shared secret symmetric key of length \textit{keylen} octets. The \textit{nonce} parameter is the |
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1261 random public string of length \textit{noncelen} octets. The \textit{header} parameter is the random (or fixed or \textbf{NULL}) header for the |
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1262 message of length \textit{headerlen} octets. |
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1263 |
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1264 When this function completes, the \textit{eax} state will be initialized such that you can now either have data decrypted or |
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1265 encrypted in EAX mode. Note: if \textit{headerlen} is zero you may pass \textit{header} as \textbf{NULL} to indicate there is no initial header data. |
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1266 |
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1267 To encrypt or decrypt data in a streaming mode use the following. |
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1268 \index{eax\_encrypt()} \index{eax\_decrypt()} |
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1269 \begin{verbatim} |
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1270 int eax_encrypt( eax_state *eax, |
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1271 const unsigned char *pt, |
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1272 unsigned char *ct, |
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1273 unsigned long length); |
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1274 |
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1275 int eax_decrypt( eax_state *eax, |
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1276 const unsigned char *ct, |
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1277 unsigned char *pt, |
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1278 unsigned long length); |
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1279 \end{verbatim} |
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1280 The function \textit{eax\_encrypt} will encrypt the bytes in \textit{pt} of \textit{length} octets, and store the ciphertext in |
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1281 \textit{ct}. Note: \textit{ct} and \textit{pt} may be the same region in memory. This function will also send the ciphertext |
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1282 through the OMAC function. The function \textit{eax\_decrypt} decrypts \textit{ct}, and stores it in \textit{pt}. This also allows |
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1283 \textit{pt} and \textit{ct} to be the same region in memory. |
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1284 |
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1285 You cannot both encrypt or decrypt with the same \textit{eax} context. For bi--directional communication you will need to initialize |
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1286 two EAX contexts (preferably with different headers and nonces). |
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1287 |
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1288 Note: both of these functions allow you to send the data in any granularity but the order is important. While |
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1289 the eax\_init() function allows you to add initial header data to the stream you can also add header data during the |
|
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|
1290 EAX stream with the following. |
|
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1291 |
|
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|
1292 \index{eax\_addheader()} |
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|
1293 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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1294 int eax_addheader( eax_state *eax, |
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1295 const unsigned char *header, |
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1296 unsigned long length); |
|
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1297 \end{verbatim} |
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1298 This will add the \textit{length} octet from \textit{header} to the given \textit{eax} header. Once the message is finished, the |
|
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1299 \textit{tag} (checksum) may be computed with the following function: |
|
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1300 |
|
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|
1301 \index{eax\_done()} |
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1302 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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1303 int eax_done( eax_state *eax, |
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1304 unsigned char *tag, |
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1305 unsigned long *taglen); |
|
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1306 \end{verbatim} |
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1307 This will terminate the EAX state \textit{eax}, and store up to \textit{taglen} bytes of the message tag in \textit{tag}. The function |
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1308 then stores how many bytes of the tag were written out back in to \textit{taglen}. |
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1309 |
|
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1310 The EAX mode code can be tested to ensure it matches the test vectors by calling the following function: |
|
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|
1311 \index{eax\_test()} |
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1312 \begin{verbatim} |
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|
1313 int eax_test(void); |
|
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1314 \end{verbatim} |
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1315 This requires that the AES (or Rijndael) block cipher be registered with the cipher\_descriptor table first. |
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1316 |
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|
1317 \begin{verbatim} |
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1318 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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1319 int main(void) |
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1320 { |
|
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|
1321 int err; |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
1322 eax_state eax; |
|
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1323 unsigned char pt[64], ct[64], nonce[16], key[16], tag[16]; |
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
1324 unsigned long taglen; |
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|
1325 |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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1326 if (register_cipher(&rijndael_desc) == -1) { |
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1327 printf("Error registering Rijndael"); |
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|
1328 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
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|
1329 } |
|
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1330 |
|
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1331 /* ... make up random nonce and key ... */ |
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|
1332 |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
1333 /* initialize context */ |
|
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1334 if ((err = eax_init( &eax, /* context */ |
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1335 find_cipher("rijndael"), /* cipher id */ |
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1336 nonce, /* the nonce */ |
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1337 16, /* nonce is 16 bytes */ |
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1338 "TestApp", /* example header */ |
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1339 7) /* header length */ |
|
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1340 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
1341 printf("Error eax_init: %s", error_to_string(err)); |
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|
1342 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
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|
1343 } |
|
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|
1344 |
|
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1345 /* now encrypt data, say in a loop or whatever */ |
|
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1346 if ((err = eax_encrypt( &eax, /* eax context */ |
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1347 pt, /* plaintext (source) */ |
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1348 ct, /* ciphertext (destination) */ |
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1349 sizeof(pt) /* size of plaintext */ |
|
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1350 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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|
1351 printf("Error eax_encrypt: %s", error_to_string(err)); |
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1352 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
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|
1353 } |
|
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|
1354 |
|
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parents:
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|
1355 /* finish message and get authentication tag */ |
|
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|
1356 taglen = sizeof(tag); |
|
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1357 if ((err = eax_done( &eax, /* eax context */ |
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1358 tag, /* where to put tag */ |
|
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1359 &taglen /* length of tag space */ |
|
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1360 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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|
1361 printf("Error eax_done: %s", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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|
1362 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
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|
1363 } |
|
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|
1364 |
|
382
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1365 /* now we have the authentication tag in "tag" and |
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1366 * it's taglen bytes long */ |
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1367 } |
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1368 \end{verbatim} |
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1369 |
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1370 You can also perform an entire EAX state on a block of memory in a single function call with the |
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1371 following functions. |
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1372 |
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1373 |
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1374 \index{eax\_encrypt\_authenticate\_memory} \index{eax\_decrypt\_verify\_memory} |
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1375 \begin{verbatim} |
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1376 int eax_encrypt_authenticate_memory( |
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1377 int cipher, |
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1378 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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1379 const unsigned char *nonce, unsigned long noncelen, |
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1380 const unsigned char *header, unsigned long headerlen, |
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1381 const unsigned char *pt, unsigned long ptlen, |
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1382 unsigned char *ct, |
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1383 unsigned char *tag, unsigned long *taglen); |
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1384 |
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1385 int eax_decrypt_verify_memory( |
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1386 int cipher, |
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1387 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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1388 const unsigned char *nonce, unsigned long noncelen, |
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1389 const unsigned char *header, unsigned long headerlen, |
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1390 const unsigned char *ct, unsigned long ctlen, |
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1391 unsigned char *pt, |
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1392 unsigned char *tag, unsigned long taglen, |
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1393 int *res); |
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1394 \end{verbatim} |
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1395 |
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1396 Both essentially just call eax\_init() followed by eax\_encrypt() (or eax\_decrypt() respectively) and eax\_done(). The parameters |
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1397 have the same meaning as with those respective functions. |
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1398 |
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1399 The only difference is eax\_decrypt\_verify\_memory() does not emit a tag. Instead you pass it a tag as input and it compares it against |
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1400 the tag it computed while decrypting the message. If the tags match then it stores a $1$ in \textit{res}, otherwise it stores a $0$. |
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1401 |
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1402 \subsection{OCB Mode} |
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1403 LibTomCrypt provides support for a mode called OCB\footnote{See |
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1404 P. Rogaway, M. Bellare, J. Black, T. Krovetz, \textit{OCB: A Block Cipher Mode of Operation for Efficient Authenticated Encryption}.} |
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1405 . OCB is an encryption protocol that simultaneously provides authentication. It is slightly faster to use than EAX mode |
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1406 but is less flexible. Let's review how to initialize an OCB context. |
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1407 |
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1408 \index{ocb\_init()} |
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1409 \begin{verbatim} |
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1410 int ocb_init( ocb_state *ocb, |
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1411 int cipher, |
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1412 const unsigned char *key, |
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1413 unsigned long keylen, |
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1414 const unsigned char *nonce); |
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1415 \end{verbatim} |
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1416 |
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1417 This will initialize the \textit{ocb} context using cipher descriptor \textit{cipher}. It will use a \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} |
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1418 and the random \textit{nonce}. Note that \textit{nonce} must be a random (public) string the same length as the block ciphers |
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1419 block size (e.g. 16 bytes for AES). |
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1420 |
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1421 This mode has no \textit{Associated Data} like EAX mode does which means you cannot authenticate metadata along with the stream. |
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1422 To encrypt or decrypt data use the following. |
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1423 |
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1424 \index{ocb\_encrypt()} \index{ocb\_decrypt()} |
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1425 \begin{verbatim} |
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1426 int ocb_encrypt( ocb_state *ocb, |
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1427 const unsigned char *pt, |
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1428 unsigned char *ct); |
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1429 |
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1430 int ocb_decrypt( ocb_state *ocb, |
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1431 const unsigned char *ct, |
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1432 unsigned char *pt); |
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1433 \end{verbatim} |
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1434 |
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1435 This will encrypt (or decrypt for the latter) a fixed length of data from \textit{pt} to \textit{ct} (vice versa for the latter). |
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1436 They assume that \textit{pt} and \textit{ct} are the same size as the block cipher's block size. Note that you cannot call |
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1437 both functions given a single \textit{ocb} state. For bi-directional communication you will have to initialize two \textit{ocb} |
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1438 states (with different nonces). Also \textit{pt} and \textit{ct} may point to the same location in memory. |
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1439 |
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1440 \subsubsection{State Termination} |
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1441 |
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1442 When you are finished encrypting the message you call the following function to compute the tag. |
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1443 |
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1444 \index{ocb\_done\_encrypt()} |
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1445 \begin{verbatim} |
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1446 int ocb_done_encrypt( ocb_state *ocb, |
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1447 const unsigned char *pt, |
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1448 unsigned long ptlen, |
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1449 unsigned char *ct, |
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1450 unsigned char *tag, |
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1451 unsigned long *taglen); |
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1452 \end{verbatim} |
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1453 |
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1454 This will terminate an encrypt stream \textit{ocb}. If you have trailing bytes of plaintext that will not complete a block |
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1455 you can pass them here. This will also encrypt the \textit{ptlen} bytes in \textit{pt} and store them in \textit{ct}. It will also |
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1456 store up to \textit{taglen} bytes of the tag into \textit{tag}. |
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1457 |
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1458 Note that \textit{ptlen} must be less than or equal to the block size of block cipher chosen. Also note that if you have |
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1459 an input message equal to the length of the block size then you pass the data here (not to ocb\_encrypt()) only. |
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1460 |
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1461 To terminate a decrypt stream and compared the tag you call the following. |
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1462 |
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1463 \index{ocb\_done\_decrypt()} |
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1464 \begin{verbatim} |
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1465 int ocb_done_decrypt( ocb_state *ocb, |
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1466 const unsigned char *ct, |
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1467 unsigned long ctlen, |
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1468 unsigned char *pt, |
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1469 const unsigned char *tag, |
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1470 unsigned long taglen, |
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1471 int *res); |
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1472 \end{verbatim} |
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1473 Similarly to the previous function you can pass trailing message bytes into this function. This will compute the |
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1474 tag of the message (internally) and then compare it against the \textit{taglen} bytes of \textit{tag} provided. By default |
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1475 \textit{res} is set to zero. If all \textit{taglen} bytes of \textit{tag} can be verified then \textit{res} is set to one (authenticated |
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1476 message). |
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1477 |
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1478 \subsubsection{Packet Functions} |
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1479 To make life simpler the following two functions are provided for memory bound OCB. |
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1480 |
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1481 %\index{ocb\_encrypt\_authenticate\_memory()} |
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1482 \begin{verbatim} |
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1483 int ocb_encrypt_authenticate_memory( |
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1484 int cipher, |
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1485 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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1486 const unsigned char *nonce, |
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1487 const unsigned char *pt, unsigned long ptlen, |
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1488 unsigned char *ct, |
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1489 unsigned char *tag, unsigned long *taglen); |
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1490 \end{verbatim} |
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1491 |
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1492 This will OCB encrypt the message \textit{pt} of length \textit{ptlen}, and store the ciphertext in \textit{ct}. The length \textit{ptlen} |
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1493 can be any arbitrary length. |
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1494 |
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1495 \index{ocb\_decrypt\_verify\_memory()} |
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1496 \begin{verbatim} |
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1497 int ocb_decrypt_verify_memory( |
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1498 int cipher, |
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1499 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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1500 const unsigned char *nonce, |
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1501 const unsigned char *ct, unsigned long ctlen, |
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1502 unsigned char *pt, |
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1503 const unsigned char *tag, unsigned long taglen, |
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1504 int *res); |
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1505 \end{verbatim} |
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1506 |
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1507 Similarly, this will OCB decrypt, and compare the internally computed tag against the tag provided. \textit{res} is set |
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1508 appropriately. |
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1509 |
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1510 \subsection{CCM Mode} |
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1511 CCM is a NIST proposal for encrypt + authenticate that is centered around using AES (or any 16--byte cipher) as a primitive. Unlike EAX and OCB mode, |
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1512 it is only meant for \textit{packet} mode where the length of the input is known in advance. Since it is a packet mode function, CCM only has one |
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1513 function that performs the protocol. |
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1514 |
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1515 \index{ccm\_memory()} |
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1516 \begin{verbatim} |
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1517 int ccm_memory( |
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1518 int cipher, |
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1519 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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1520 symmetric_key *uskey, |
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1521 const unsigned char *nonce, unsigned long noncelen, |
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1522 const unsigned char *header, unsigned long headerlen, |
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1523 unsigned char *pt, unsigned long ptlen, |
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1524 unsigned char *ct, |
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1525 unsigned char *tag, unsigned long *taglen, |
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1526 int direction); |
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1527 \end{verbatim} |
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1528 |
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1529 This performs the \textit{CCM} operation on the data. The \textit{cipher} variable indicates which cipher in the descriptor table to use. It must have a |
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1530 16--byte block size for CCM. |
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1531 |
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1532 The key can be specified in one of two fashions. First, it can be passed as an array of octets in \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen}. Alternatively, |
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1533 it can be passed in as a previously scheduled key in \textit{uskey}. The latter fashion saves time when the same key is used for multiple packets. If |
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1534 \textit{uskey} is not \textbf{NULL}, then \textit{key} may be \textbf{NULL} (and vice-versa). |
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1535 |
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1536 The nonce or salt is \textit{nonce} of length \textit{noncelen} octets. The header is meta--data you want to send with the message but not have |
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1537 encrypted, it is stored in \textit{header} of length \textit{headerlen} octets. The header can be zero octets long (if $headerlen = 0$ then |
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1538 you can pass \textit{header} as \textbf{NULL}). |
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1539 |
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1540 The plaintext is stored in \textit{pt}, and the ciphertext in \textit{ct}. The length of both are expected to be equal and is passed in as \textit{ptlen}. It is |
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1541 allowable that $pt = ct$. The \textit{direction} variable indicates whether encryption (direction $=$ \textbf{CCM\_ENCRYPT}) or |
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1542 decryption (direction $=$ \textbf{CCM\_DECRYPT}) is to be performed. |
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1543 |
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1544 As implemented, this version of CCM cannot handle header or plaintext data longer than $2^{32} - 1$ octets long. |
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1545 |
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1546 You can test the implementation of CCM with the following function. |
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1547 |
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1548 \index{ccm\_test()} |
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1549 \begin{verbatim} |
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1550 int ccm_test(void); |
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1551 \end{verbatim} |
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1552 |
|
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1553 This will return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} if the CCM routine passes known test vectors. It requires AES or Rijndael to be registered previously, otherwise it will |
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1554 return \textbf{CRYPT\_NOP}. |
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1555 |
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1556 \subsubsection{CCM Example} |
|
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1557 The following is a sample of how to call CCM. |
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1558 |
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1559 \begin{small} |
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1560 \begin{verbatim} |
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1561 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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1562 int main(void) |
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1563 { |
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1564 unsigned char key[16], nonce[12], pt[32], ct[32], |
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1565 tag[16], tagcp[16]; |
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1566 unsigned long taglen; |
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1567 int err; |
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1568 |
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1569 /* register cipher */ |
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1570 register_cipher(&aes_desc); |
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1571 |
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1572 /* somehow fill key, nonce, pt */ |
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1573 |
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1574 /* encrypt it */ |
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1575 taglen = sizeof(tag); |
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1576 if ((err = |
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1577 ccm_memory(find_cipher("aes"), |
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1578 key, 16, /* 128-bit key */ |
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1579 NULL, /* not prescheduled */ |
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1580 nonce, 12, /* 96-bit nonce */ |
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1581 NULL, 0, /* no header */ |
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1582 pt, 32, /* 32-byte plaintext */ |
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1583 ct, /* ciphertext */ |
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1584 tag, &taglen, |
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1585 CCM_ENCRYPT)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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1586 printf("ccm_memory error %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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1587 return -1; |
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1588 } |
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1589 /* ct[0..31] and tag[0..15] now hold the output */ |
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1590 |
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1591 /* decrypt it */ |
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1592 taglen = sizeof(tagcp); |
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1593 if ((err = |
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1594 ccm_memory(find_cipher("aes"), |
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1595 key, 16, /* 128-bit key */ |
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1596 NULL, /* not prescheduled */ |
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1597 nonce, 12, /* 96-bit nonce */ |
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1598 NULL, 0, /* no header */ |
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1599 ct, 32, /* 32-byte ciphertext */ |
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1600 pt, /* plaintext */ |
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1601 tagcp, &taglen, |
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1602 CCM_DECRYPT)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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1603 printf("ccm_memory error %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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1604 return -1; |
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1605 } |
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1606 |
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1607 /* now pt[0..31] should hold the original plaintext, |
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1608 tagcp[0..15] and tag[0..15] should have the same contents */ |
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1609 } |
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1610 \end{verbatim} |
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1611 \end{small} |
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1612 |
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1613 \subsection{GCM Mode} |
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1614 Galois counter mode is an IEEE proposal for authenticated encryption (also it is a planned NIST standard). Like EAX and OCB mode, it can be used in a streaming capacity |
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1615 however, unlike EAX it cannot accept \textit{additional authentication data} (meta--data) after plaintext has been processed. This mode also only works with |
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1616 block ciphers with a 16--byte block. |
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1617 |
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1618 A GCM stream is meant to be processed in three modes, one after another. First, the initial vector (per session) data is processed. This should be |
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1619 unique to every session. Next, the the optional additional authentication data is processed, and finally the plaintext (or ciphertext depending on the direction). |
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1620 |
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1621 \subsubsection{Initialization} |
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1622 To initialize the GCM context with a secret key call the following function. |
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1623 |
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1624 \index{gcm\_init()} |
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1625 \begin{verbatim} |
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1626 int gcm_init( gcm_state *gcm, |
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1627 int cipher, |
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1628 const unsigned char *key, |
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1629 int keylen); |
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1630 \end{verbatim} |
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1631 This initializes the GCM state \textit{gcm} for the given cipher indexed by \textit{cipher}, with a secret key \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} octets. The cipher |
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1632 chosen must have a 16--byte block size (e.g., AES). |
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1633 |
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1634 \subsubsection{Initial Vector} |
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1635 After the state has been initialized (or reset) the next step is to add the session (or packet) initial vector. It should be unique per packet encrypted. |
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1636 |
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1637 \index{gcm\_add\_iv()} |
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1638 \begin{verbatim} |
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1639 int gcm_add_iv( gcm_state *gcm, |
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1640 const unsigned char *IV, |
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1641 unsigned long IVlen); |
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1642 \end{verbatim} |
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1643 This adds the initial vector octets from \textit{IV} of length \textit{IVlen} to the GCM state \textit{gcm}. You can call this function as many times as required |
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1644 to process the entire IV. |
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1645 |
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1646 Note: the GCM protocols provides a \textit{shortcut} for 12--byte IVs where no pre-processing is to be done. If you want to minimize per packet latency it is ideal |
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1647 to only use 12--byte IVs. You can just increment it like a counter for each packet. |
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1648 |
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1649 \subsubsection{Additional Authentication Data} |
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1650 After the entire IV has been processed, the additional authentication data can be processed. Unlike the IV, a packet/session does not require additional |
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1651 authentication data (AAD) for security. The AAD is meant to be used as side--channel data you want to be authenticated with the packet. Note: once |
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1652 you begin adding AAD to the GCM state you cannot return to adding IV data until the state has been reset. |
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1653 |
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1654 \index{gcm\_add\_aad()} |
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1655 \begin{verbatim} |
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1656 int gcm_add_aad( gcm_state *gcm, |
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1657 const unsigned char *adata, |
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1658 unsigned long adatalen); |
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1659 \end{verbatim} |
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1660 This adds the additional authentication data \textit{adata} of length \textit{adatalen} to the GCM state \textit{gcm}. |
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1661 |
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1662 \subsubsection{Plaintext Processing} |
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1663 After the AAD has been processed, the plaintext (or ciphertext depending on the direction) can be processed. |
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1664 |
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1665 \index{gcm\_process()} |
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1666 \begin{verbatim} |
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1667 int gcm_process( gcm_state *gcm, |
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1668 unsigned char *pt, |
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1669 unsigned long ptlen, |
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1670 unsigned char *ct, |
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1671 int direction); |
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1672 \end{verbatim} |
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1673 This processes message data where \textit{pt} is the plaintext and \textit{ct} is the ciphertext. The length of both are equal and stored in \textit{ptlen}. Depending on |
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1674 the mode \textit{pt} is the input and \textit{ct} is the output (or vice versa). When \textit{direction} equals \textbf{GCM\_ENCRYPT} the plaintext is read, |
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1675 encrypted and stored in the ciphertext buffer. When \textit{direction} equals \textbf{GCM\_DECRYPT} the opposite occurs. |
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1676 |
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1677 \subsubsection{State Termination} |
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1678 To terminate a GCM state and retrieve the message authentication tag call the following function. |
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1679 |
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1680 \index{gcm\_done()} |
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1681 \begin{verbatim} |
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1682 int gcm_done( gcm_state *gcm, |
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1683 unsigned char *tag, |
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1684 unsigned long *taglen); |
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1685 \end{verbatim} |
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1686 This terminates the GCM state \textit{gcm} and stores the tag in \textit{tag} of length \textit{taglen} octets. |
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1687 |
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1688 \subsubsection{State Reset} |
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1689 The call to gcm\_init() will perform considerable pre--computation (when \textbf{GCM\_TABLES} is defined) and if you're going to be dealing with a lot of packets |
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1690 it is very costly to have to call it repeatedly. To aid in this endeavour, the reset function has been provided. |
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1691 |
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1692 \index{gcm\_reset()} |
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1693 \begin{verbatim} |
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1694 int gcm_reset(gcm_state *gcm); |
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1695 \end{verbatim} |
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1696 |
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1697 This will reset the GCM state \textit{gcm} to the state that gcm\_init() left it. The user would then call gcm\_add\_iv(), gcm\_add\_aad(), etc. |
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1698 |
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1699 \subsubsection{One--Shot Packet} |
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1700 To process a single packet under any given key the following helper function can be used. |
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1701 |
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1702 \index{gcm\_memory()} |
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1703 \begin{verbatim} |
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1704 int gcm_memory( |
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1705 int cipher, |
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1706 const unsigned char *key, |
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1707 unsigned long keylen, |
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1708 const unsigned char *IV, unsigned long IVlen, |
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1709 const unsigned char *adata, unsigned long adatalen, |
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1710 unsigned char *pt, unsigned long ptlen, |
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1711 unsigned char *ct, |
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1712 unsigned char *tag, unsigned long *taglen, |
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1713 int direction); |
|
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1714 \end{verbatim} |
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1715 |
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1716 This will initialize the GCM state with the given key, IV and AAD value then proceed to encrypt or decrypt the message text and store the final |
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1717 message tag. The definition of the variables is the same as it is for all the manual functions. |
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1718 |
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1719 If you are processing many packets under the same key you shouldn't use this function as it invokes the pre--computation with each call. |
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1720 |
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1721 \subsubsection{Example Usage} |
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1722 The following is an example usage of how to use GCM over multiple packets with a shared secret key. |
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1723 |
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1724 \begin{small} |
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1725 \begin{verbatim} |
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1726 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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1727 |
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1728 int send_packet(const unsigned char *pt, unsigned long ptlen, |
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1729 const unsigned char *iv, unsigned long ivlen, |
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1730 const unsigned char *aad, unsigned long aadlen, |
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1731 gcm_state *gcm) |
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1732 { |
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1733 int err; |
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1734 unsigned long taglen; |
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1735 unsigned char tag[16]; |
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1736 |
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1737 /* reset the state */ |
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changeset
|
1738 if ((err = gcm_reset(gcm)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1739 return err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1740 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1741 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1742 /* Add the IV */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1743 if ((err = gcm_add_iv(gcm, iv, ivlen)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1744 return err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1745 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1746 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1747 /* Add the AAD (note: aad can be NULL if aadlen == 0) */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1748 if ((err = gcm_add_aad(gcm, aad, aadlen)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1749 return err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1750 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1751 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1752 /* process the plaintext */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
1753 if ((err = |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
1754 gcm_process(gcm, pt, ptlen, pt, GCM_ENCRYPT)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1755 return err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1756 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1757 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1758 /* Finish up and get the MAC tag */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1759 taglen = sizeof(tag); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1760 if ((err = gcm_done(gcm, tag, &taglen)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1761 return err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1762 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1763 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1764 /* ... send a header describing the lengths ... */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1765 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
1766 /* depending on the protocol and how IV is |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
1767 * generated you may have to send it too... */ |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1768 send(socket, iv, ivlen, 0); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1769 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1770 /* send the aad */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1771 send(socket, aad, aadlen, 0); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1772 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1773 /* send the ciphertext */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1774 send(socket, pt, ptlen, 0); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1775 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1776 /* send the tag */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1777 send(socket, tag, taglen, 0); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1778 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1779 return CRYPT_OK; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1780 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1781 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1782 int main(void) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1783 { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1784 gcm_state gcm; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1785 unsigned char key[16], IV[12], pt[PACKET_SIZE]; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1786 int err, x; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1787 unsigned long ptlen; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1788 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1789 /* somehow fill key/IV with random values */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1790 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1791 /* register AES */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1792 register_cipher(&aes_desc); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1793 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1794 /* init the GCM state */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
1795 if ((err = |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
1796 gcm_init(&gcm, find_cipher("aes"), key, 16)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1797 whine_and_pout(err); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1798 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1799 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1800 /* handle us some packets */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1801 for (;;) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1802 ptlen = make_packet_we_want_to_send(pt); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1803 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1804 /* use IV as counter (12 byte counter) */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1805 for (x = 11; x >= 0; x--) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1806 if (++IV[x]) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1807 break; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1808 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1809 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1810 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
1811 if ((err = send_packet(pt, ptlen, iv, 12, NULL, 0, &gcm)) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
1812 != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1813 whine_and_pout(err); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1814 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1815 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1816 return EXIT_SUCCESS; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1817 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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1818 \end{verbatim} |
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1819 \end{small} |
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1820 |
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1821 \chapter{One-Way Cryptographic Hash Functions} |
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1822 \mysection{Core Functions} |
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1823 Like the ciphers, there are hash core functions and a universal data type to hold the hash state called \textit{hash\_state}. To initialize hash |
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1824 XXX (where XXX is the name) call: |
|
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1825 \index{Hash Functions} |
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1826 \begin{verbatim} |
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1827 void XXX_init(hash_state *md); |
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1828 \end{verbatim} |
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1829 |
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1830 This simply sets up the hash to the default state governed by the specifications of the hash. To add data to the message being hashed call: |
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1831 \begin{verbatim} |
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1832 int XXX_process( hash_state *md, |
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1833 const unsigned char *in, |
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1834 unsigned long inlen); |
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1835 \end{verbatim} |
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1836 Essentially all hash messages are virtually infinitely\footnote{Most hashes are limited to $2^{64}$ bits or 2,305,843,009,213,693,952 bytes.} long message which |
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1837 are buffered. The data can be passed in any sized chunks as long as the order of the bytes are the same the message digest (hash output) will be the same. For example, |
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1838 this means that: |
|
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1839 \begin{verbatim} |
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1840 md5_process(&md, "hello ", 6); |
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1841 md5_process(&md, "world", 5); |
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1842 \end{verbatim} |
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1843 Will produce the same message digest as the single call: |
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1844 \index{Message Digest} |
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1845 \begin{verbatim} |
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1846 md5_process(&md, "hello world", 11); |
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1847 \end{verbatim} |
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1848 |
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1849 To finally get the message digest (the hash) call: |
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1850 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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1851 int XXX_done( hash_state *md, |
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1852 unsigned char *out); |
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1853 \end{verbatim} |
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1854 |
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1855 This function will finish up the hash and store the result in the \textit{out} array. You must ensure that \textit{out} is long |
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1856 enough for the hash in question. Often hashes are used to get keys for symmetric ciphers so the \textit{XXX\_done()} functions |
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1857 will wipe the \textit{md} variable before returning automatically. |
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1858 |
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1859 To test a hash function call: |
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1860 \begin{verbatim} |
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1861 int XXX_test(void); |
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1862 \end{verbatim} |
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1863 |
|
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1864 This will return {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if the hash matches the test vectors, otherwise it returns an error code. An |
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1865 example snippet that hashes a message with md5 is given below. |
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1866 \begin{small} |
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1867 \begin{verbatim} |
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1868 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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1869 int main(void) |
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1870 { |
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1871 hash_state md; |
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1872 unsigned char *in = "hello world", out[16]; |
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1873 |
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1874 /* setup the hash */ |
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1875 md5_init(&md); |
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1876 |
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1877 /* add the message */ |
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1878 md5_process(&md, in, strlen(in)); |
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1879 |
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1880 /* get the hash in out[0..15] */ |
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1881 md5_done(&md, out); |
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1882 |
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1883 return 0; |
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1884 } |
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1885 \end{verbatim} |
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1886 \end{small} |
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1887 |
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1888 \mysection{Hash Descriptors} |
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1889 Like the set of ciphers, the set of hashes have descriptors as well. They are stored in an array called \textit{hash\_descriptor} and |
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1890 are defined by: |
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1891 \begin{verbatim} |
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1892 struct _hash_descriptor { |
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1893 char *name; |
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1894 |
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1895 unsigned long hashsize; /* digest output size in bytes */ |
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1896 unsigned long blocksize; /* the block size the hash uses */ |
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1897 |
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1898 void (*init) (hash_state *hash); |
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1899 |
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1900 int (*process)( hash_state *hash, |
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1901 const unsigned char *in, |
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1902 unsigned long inlen); |
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1903 |
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1904 int (*done) (hash_state *hash, unsigned char *out); |
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1905 |
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1906 int (*test) (void); |
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1907 }; |
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1908 \end{verbatim} |
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1909 |
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1910 \index{find\_hash()} |
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1911 The \textit{name} member is the name of the hash function (all lowercase). The \textit{hashsize} member is the size of the digest output |
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1912 in bytes, while \textit{blocksize} is the size of blocks the hash expects to the compression function. Technically, this detail is not important |
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1913 for high level developers but is useful to know for performance reasons. |
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1914 |
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1915 The \textit{init} member initializes the hash, \textit{process} passes data through the hash, \textit{done} terminates the hash and retrieves the |
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1916 digest. The \textit{test} member tests the hash against the specified test vectors. |
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1917 |
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1918 There is a function to search the array as well called \textit{int find\_hash(char *name)}. It returns -1 if the hash is not found, otherwise, the |
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1919 position in the descriptor table of the hash. |
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1920 |
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1921 In addition, there is also find\_hash\_oid() which finds a hash by the ASN.1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER string. |
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1922 \index{find\_hash\_oid()} |
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1923 \begin{verbatim} |
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1924 int find_hash_oid(const unsigned long *ID, unsigned long IDlen); |
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1925 \end{verbatim} |
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1926 |
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1927 You can use the table to indirectly call a hash function that is chosen at run-time. For example: |
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1928 \begin{small} |
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1929 \begin{verbatim} |
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1930 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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1931 int main(void) |
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1932 { |
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1933 unsigned char buffer[100], hash[MAXBLOCKSIZE]; |
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1934 int idx, x; |
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1935 hash_state md; |
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1936 |
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1937 /* register hashes .... */ |
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1938 if (register_hash(&md5_desc) == -1) { |
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1939 printf("Error registering MD5.\n"); |
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1940 return -1; |
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1941 } |
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1942 |
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1943 /* register other hashes ... */ |
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1944 |
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1945 /* prompt for name and strip newline */ |
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1946 printf("Enter hash name: \n"); |
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1947 fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin); |
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1948 buffer[strlen(buffer) - 1] = 0; |
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1949 |
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1950 /* get hash index */ |
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1951 idx = find_hash(buffer); |
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1952 if (idx == -1) { |
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1953 printf("Invalid hash name!\n"); |
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1954 return -1; |
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1955 } |
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1956 |
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1957 /* hash input until blank line */ |
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1958 hash_descriptor[idx].init(&md); |
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1959 while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) != NULL) |
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1960 hash_descriptor[idx].process(&md, buffer, strlen(buffer)); |
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1961 hash_descriptor[idx].done(&md, hash); |
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1962 |
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1963 /* dump to screen */ |
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1964 for (x = 0; x < hash_descriptor[idx].hashsize; x++) |
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1965 printf("%02x ", hash[x]); |
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1966 printf("\n"); |
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1967 return 0; |
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1968 } |
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1969 \end{verbatim} |
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1970 \end{small} |
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1971 |
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1972 Note the usage of \textbf{MAXBLOCKSIZE}. In LibTomCrypt, no symmetric block, key or hash digest is larger than \textbf{MAXBLOCKSIZE} in |
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1973 length. This provides a simple size you can set your automatic arrays to that will not get overrun. |
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1974 |
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1975 There are three helper functions to make working with hashes easier. The first is a function to hash a buffer, and produce the digest in a single |
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1976 function call. |
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1977 |
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1978 \index{hash\_memory()} |
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1979 \begin{verbatim} |
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1980 int hash_memory( int hash, |
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1981 const unsigned char *in, |
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1982 unsigned long inlen, |
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1983 unsigned char *out, |
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1984 unsigned long *outlen); |
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1985 \end{verbatim} |
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1986 |
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1987 This will hash the data pointed to by \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen}. The hash used is indexed by the \textit{hash} parameter. The message |
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1988 digest is stored in \textit{out}, and the \textit{outlen} parameter is updated to hold the message digest size. |
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1989 |
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1990 The next helper function allows for the hashing of a file based on a file name. |
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1991 \index{hash\_file()} |
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1992 \begin{verbatim} |
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1993 int hash_file( int hash, |
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1994 const char *fname, |
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1995 unsigned char *out, |
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1996 unsigned long *outlen); |
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1997 \end{verbatim} |
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1998 |
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1999 This will hash the file named by \textit{fname} using the hash indexed by \textit{hash}. The file named in this function call must be readable by the |
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2000 user owning the process performing the request. This function can be omitted by the \textbf{LTC\_NO\_FILE} define, which forces it to return \textbf{CRYPT\_NOP} |
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2001 when it is called. The message digest is stored in \textit{out}, and the \textit{outlen} parameter is updated to hold the message digest size. |
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2002 |
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2003 \index{hash\_filehandle()} |
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2004 \begin{verbatim} |
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2005 int hash_filehandle( int hash, |
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2006 FILE *in, |
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2007 unsigned char *out, |
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2008 unsigned long *outlen); |
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2009 \end{verbatim} |
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2010 |
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2011 This will hash the file identified by the handle \textit{in} using the hash indexed by \textit{hash}. This will begin hashing from the current file pointer position, and |
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2012 will not rewind the file pointer when finished. This function can be omitted by the \textbf{LTC\_NO\_FILE} define, which forces it to return \textbf{CRYPT\_NOP} |
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2013 when it is called. The message digest is stored in \textit{out}, and the \textit{outlen} parameter is updated to hold the message digest size. |
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2014 |
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2015 To perform the above hash with md5 the following code could be used: |
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2016 \begin{small} |
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2017 \begin{verbatim} |
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2018 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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2019 int main(void) |
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2020 { |
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2021 int idx, err; |
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2022 unsigned long len; |
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2023 unsigned char out[MAXBLOCKSIZE]; |
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2024 |
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2025 /* register the hash */ |
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2026 if (register_hash(&md5_desc) == -1) { |
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2027 printf("Error registering MD5.\n"); |
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2028 return -1; |
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2029 } |
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2030 |
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2031 /* get the index of the hash */ |
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2032 idx = find_hash("md5"); |
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2033 |
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2034 /* call the hash */ |
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2035 len = sizeof(out); |
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2036 if ((err = |
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2037 hash_memory(idx, "hello world", 11, out, &len)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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2038 printf("Error hashing data: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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2039 return -1; |
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2040 } |
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2041 return 0; |
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2042 } |
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2043 \end{verbatim} |
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2044 \end{small} |
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2045 |
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2046 \subsection{Hash Registration} |
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2047 Similar to the cipher descriptor table you must register your hash algorithms before you can use them. These functions |
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2048 work exactly like those of the cipher registration code. The functions are: |
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2049 \index{register\_hash()} \index{unregister\_hash()} |
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2050 \begin{verbatim} |
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2051 int register_hash(const struct _hash_descriptor *hash); |
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2052 |
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2053 int unregister_hash(const struct _hash_descriptor *hash); |
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2054 \end{verbatim} |
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2055 |
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2056 The following hashes are provided as of this release within the LibTomCrypt library: |
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2057 \index{Hash descriptor table} |
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2058 |
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2059 \begin{figure}[here] |
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2060 \begin{center} |
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2061 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} |
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2062 \hline \textbf{Name} & \textbf{Descriptor Name} & \textbf{Size of Message Digest (bytes)} \\ |
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2063 \hline WHIRLPOOL & whirlpool\_desc & 64 \\ |
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2064 \hline SHA-512 & sha512\_desc & 64 \\ |
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2065 \hline SHA-384 & sha384\_desc & 48 \\ |
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2066 \hline RIPEMD-320 & rmd160\_desc & 40 \\ |
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2067 \hline SHA-256 & sha256\_desc & 32 \\ |
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2068 \hline RIPEMD-256 & rmd160\_desc & 32 \\ |
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2069 \hline SHA-224 & sha224\_desc & 28 \\ |
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2070 \hline TIGER-192 & tiger\_desc & 24 \\ |
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2071 \hline SHA-1 & sha1\_desc & 20 \\ |
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2072 \hline RIPEMD-160 & rmd160\_desc & 20 \\ |
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2073 \hline RIPEMD-128 & rmd128\_desc & 16 \\ |
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2074 \hline MD5 & md5\_desc & 16 \\ |
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2075 \hline MD4 & md4\_desc & 16 \\ |
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2076 \hline MD2 & md2\_desc & 16 \\ |
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2077 \hline |
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2078 \end{tabular} |
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2079 \end{center} |
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2080 \caption{Built--In Software Hashes} |
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2081 \end{figure} |
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2082 \vfil |
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2083 |
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2084 \mysection{Cipher Hash Construction} |
|
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2085 \index{Cipher Hash Construction} |
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2086 An addition to the suite of hash functions is the \textit{Cipher Hash Construction} or \textit{CHC} mode. In this mode |
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2087 applicable block ciphers (such as AES) can be turned into hash functions that other LTC functions can use. In |
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2088 particular this allows a cryptosystem to be designed using very few moving parts. |
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2089 |
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2090 In order to use the CHC system the developer will have to take a few extra steps. First the \textit{chc\_desc} hash |
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2091 descriptor must be registered with register\_hash(). At this point the CHC hash cannot be used to hash |
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2092 data. While it is in the hash system you still have to tell the CHC code which cipher to use. This is accomplished |
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2093 via the chc\_register() function. |
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2094 |
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2095 \index{chc\_register()} |
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2096 \begin{verbatim} |
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2097 int chc_register(int cipher); |
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2098 \end{verbatim} |
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2099 |
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2100 A cipher has to be registered with CHC (and also in the cipher descriptor tables with |
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2101 register\_cipher()). The chc\_register() function will bind a cipher to the CHC system. Only one cipher can |
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2102 be bound to the CHC hash at a time. There are additional requirements for the system to work. |
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2103 |
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2104 \begin{enumerate} |
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2105 \item The cipher must have a block size greater than 64--bits. |
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2106 \item The cipher must allow an input key the size of the block size. |
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2107 \end{enumerate} |
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2108 |
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2109 Example of using CHC with the AES block cipher. |
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2110 |
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2111 \begin{verbatim} |
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2112 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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2113 int main(void) |
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2114 { |
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2115 int err; |
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2116 |
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2117 /* register cipher and hash */ |
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2118 if (register_cipher(&aes_enc_desc) == -1) { |
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2119 printf("Could not register cipher\n"); |
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2120 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
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2121 } |
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2122 if (register_hash(&chc_desc) == -1) { |
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2123 printf("Could not register hash\n"); |
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2124 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
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2125 } |
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2126 |
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2127 /* start chc with AES */ |
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2128 if ((err = chc_register(find_cipher("aes"))) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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2129 printf("Error binding AES to CHC: %s\n", |
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2130 error_to_string(err)); |
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2131 } |
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2132 |
|
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2133 /* now you can use chc_hash in any LTC function |
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2134 * [aside from pkcs...] */ |
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2135 } |
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2136 \end{verbatim} |
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2137 |
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2138 |
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2139 \mysection{Notice} |
|
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2140 It is highly recommended that you \textbf{not} use the MD4 or MD5 hashes for the purposes of digital signatures or authentication codes. |
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2141 These hashes are provided for completeness and they still can be used for the purposes of password hashing or one-way accumulators |
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2142 (e.g. Yarrow). |
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2143 |
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2144 The other hashes such as the SHA-1, SHA-2 (that includes SHA-512, SHA-384 and SHA-256) and TIGER-192 are still considered secure |
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2145 for all purposes you would normally use a hash for. |
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2146 |
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2147 \chapter{Message Authentication Codes} |
|
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2148 \mysection{HMAC Protocol} |
|
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2149 Thanks to Dobes Vandermeer, the library now includes support for hash based message authentication codes, or HMAC for short. An HMAC |
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2150 of a message is a keyed authentication code that only the owner of a private symmetric key will be able to verify. The purpose is |
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2151 to allow an owner of a private symmetric key to produce an HMAC on a message then later verify if it is correct. Any impostor or |
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2152 eavesdropper will not be able to verify the authenticity of a message. |
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2153 |
|
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2154 The HMAC support works much like the normal hash functions except that the initialization routine requires you to pass a key |
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2155 and its length. The key is much like a key you would pass to a cipher. That is, it is simply an array of octets stored in |
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2156 unsigned characters. The initialization routine is: |
|
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|
2157 \index{hmac\_init()} |
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2158 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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2159 int hmac_init( hmac_state *hmac, |
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2160 int hash, |
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2161 const unsigned char *key, |
|
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2162 unsigned long keylen); |
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2163 \end{verbatim} |
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2164 The \textit{hmac} parameter is the state for the HMAC code. The \textit{hash} parameter is the index into the descriptor table of the hash you want |
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2165 to use to authenticate the message. The \textit{key} parameter is the pointer to the array of chars that make up the key. The \textit{keylen} parameter is the |
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2166 length (in octets) of the key you want to use to authenticate the message. To send octets of a message through the HMAC system you must use the following function: |
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|
2167 \index{hmac\_process()} |
|
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2168 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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2169 int hmac_process( hmac_state *hmac, |
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2170 const unsigned char *in, |
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2171 unsigned long inlen); |
|
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2172 \end{verbatim} |
|
1435
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2173 \textit{hmac} is the HMAC state you are working with. \textit{in} is the array of octets to send into the HMAC process. \textit{inlen} is the |
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2174 number of octets to process. Like the hash process routines, you can send the data in arbitrarily sized chunks. When you |
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2175 are finished with the HMAC process you must call the following function to get the HMAC code: |
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|
2176 \index{hmac\_done()} |
|
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|
2177 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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2178 int hmac_done( hmac_state *hmac, |
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2179 unsigned char *out, |
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2180 unsigned long *outlen); |
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2181 \end{verbatim} |
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2182 The \textit{hmac} parameter is the HMAC state you are working with. The \textit{out} parameter is the array of octets where the HMAC code should be stored. |
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2183 You must set \textit{outlen} to the size of the destination buffer before calling this function. It is updated with the length of the HMAC code |
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2184 produced (depending on which hash was picked). If \textit{outlen} is less than the size of the message digest (and ultimately |
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2185 the HMAC code) then the HMAC code is truncated as per FIPS-198 specifications (e.g. take the first \textit{outlen} bytes). |
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2186 |
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2187 There are two utility functions provided to make using HMACs easier to do. They accept the key and information about the |
|
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2188 message (file pointer, address in memory), and produce the HMAC result in one shot. These are useful if you want to avoid |
|
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2189 calling the three step process yourself. |
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2190 |
|
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2191 \index{hmac\_memory()} |
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2192 \begin{verbatim} |
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2193 int hmac_memory( |
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2194 int hash, |
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2195 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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2196 const unsigned char *in, unsigned long inlen, |
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|
2197 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
2198 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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285
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|
2199 This will produce an HMAC code for the array of octets in \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen}. The index into the hash descriptor |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2200 table must be provided in \textit{hash}. It uses the key from \textit{key} with a key length of \textit{keylen}. |
|
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285
diff
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|
2201 The result is stored in the array of octets \textit{out} and the length in \textit{outlen}. The value of \textit{outlen} must be set |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2202 to the size of the destination buffer before calling this function. Similarly for files there is the following function: |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2203 \index{hmac\_file()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2204 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
2205 int hmac_file( |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
2206 int hash, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
2207 const char *fname, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
2208 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
2209 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
2210 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2211 \textit{hash} is the index into the hash descriptor table of the hash you want to use. \textit{fname} is the filename to process. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
2212 \textit{key} is the array of octets to use as the key of length \textit{keylen}. \textit{out} is the array of octets where the |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2213 result should be stored. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2214 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2215 To test if the HMAC code is working there is the following function: |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2216 \index{hmac\_test()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2217 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2218 int hmac_test(void); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2219 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2220 Which returns {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if the code passes otherwise it returns an error code. Some example code for using the |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2221 HMAC system is given below. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2222 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2223 \begin{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2224 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2225 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2226 int main(void) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2227 { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2228 int idx, err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2229 hmac_state hmac; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2230 unsigned char key[16], dst[MAXBLOCKSIZE]; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2231 unsigned long dstlen; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2232 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2233 /* register SHA-1 */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2234 if (register_hash(&sha1_desc) == -1) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2235 printf("Error registering SHA1\n"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2236 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2237 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2238 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2239 /* get index of SHA1 in hash descriptor table */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2240 idx = find_hash("sha1"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2241 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2242 /* we would make up our symmetric key in "key[]" here */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2243 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2244 /* start the HMAC */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2245 if ((err = hmac_init(&hmac, idx, key, 16)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2246 printf("Error setting up hmac: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2247 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2248 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2249 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2250 /* process a few octets */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2251 if((err = hmac_process(&hmac, "hello", 5) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2252 printf("Error processing hmac: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2253 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2254 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2255 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2256 /* get result (presumably to use it somehow...) */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2257 dstlen = sizeof(dst); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2258 if ((err = hmac_done(&hmac, dst, &dstlen)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2259 printf("Error finishing hmac: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2260 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2261 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2262 printf("The hmac is %lu bytes long\n", dstlen); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2263 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2264 /* return */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2265 return 0; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2266 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2267 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2268 \end{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2269 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
2270 \mysection{OMAC Support} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
2271 \index{OMAC} \index{CMAC} |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2272 OMAC\footnote{\url{http://crypt.cis.ibaraki.ac.jp/omac/omac.html}}, which stands for \textit{One-Key CBC MAC} is an |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
2273 algorithm which produces a Message Authentication Code (MAC) using only a block cipher such as AES. Note: OMAC has been standardized as |
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2274 CMAC within NIST, for the purposes of this library OMAC and CMAC are synonymous. From an API standpoint, the OMAC routines work much like the |
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2275 HMAC routines. Instead, in this case a cipher is used instead of a hash. |
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2276 |
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|
2277 To start an OMAC state you call |
|
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2278 \index{omac\_init()} |
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2279 \begin{verbatim} |
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2280 int omac_init( omac_state *omac, |
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2281 int cipher, |
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2282 const unsigned char *key, |
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2283 unsigned long keylen); |
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2284 \end{verbatim} |
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2285 The \textit{omac} parameter is the state for the OMAC algorithm. The \textit{cipher} parameter is the index into the cipher\_descriptor table |
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2286 of the cipher\footnote{The cipher must have a 64 or 128 bit block size. Such as CAST5, Blowfish, DES, AES, Twofish, etc.} you |
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2287 wish to use. The \textit{key} and \textit{keylen} parameters are the keys used to authenticate the data. |
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2288 |
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2289 To send data through the algorithm call |
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2290 \index{omac\_process()} |
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2291 \begin{verbatim} |
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2292 int omac_process( omac_state *state, |
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2293 const unsigned char *in, |
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2294 unsigned long inlen); |
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2295 \end{verbatim} |
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2296 This will send \textit{inlen} bytes from \textit{in} through the active OMAC state \textit{state}. Returns \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} if the |
|
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2297 function succeeds. The function is not sensitive to the granularity of the data. For example, |
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2298 |
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2299 \begin{verbatim} |
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2300 omac_process(&mystate, "hello", 5); |
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2301 omac_process(&mystate, " world", 6); |
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2302 \end{verbatim} |
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2303 |
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2304 Would produce the same result as, |
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2305 |
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2306 \begin{verbatim} |
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2307 omac_process(&mystate, "hello world", 11); |
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2308 \end{verbatim} |
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2309 |
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2310 When you are done processing the message you can call the following to compute the message tag. |
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2311 |
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2312 \index{omac\_done()} |
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2313 \begin{verbatim} |
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2314 int omac_done( omac_state *state, |
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2315 unsigned char *out, |
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2316 unsigned long *outlen); |
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2317 \end{verbatim} |
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2318 Which will terminate the OMAC and output the \textit{tag} (MAC) to \textit{out}. Note that unlike the HMAC and other code |
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2319 \textit{outlen} can be smaller than the default MAC size (for instance AES would make a 16-byte tag). Part of the OMAC |
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2320 specification states that the output may be truncated. So if you pass in $outlen = 5$ and use AES as your cipher than |
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2321 the output MAC code will only be five bytes long. If \textit{outlen} is larger than the default size it is set to the default |
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2322 size to show how many bytes were actually used. |
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2323 |
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2324 Similar to the HMAC code the file and memory functions are also provided. To OMAC a buffer of memory in one shot use the |
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2325 following function. |
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2326 |
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|
2327 \index{omac\_memory()} |
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2328 \begin{verbatim} |
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2329 int omac_memory( |
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2330 int cipher, |
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2331 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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2332 const unsigned char *in, unsigned long inlen, |
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2333 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
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2334 \end{verbatim} |
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2335 This will compute the OMAC of \textit{inlen} bytes of \textit{in} using the key \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} bytes and the cipher |
|
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2336 specified by the \textit{cipher}'th entry in the cipher\_descriptor table. It will store the MAC in \textit{out} with the same |
|
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|
2337 rules as omac\_done. |
|
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|
2338 |
|
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|
2339 To OMAC a file use |
|
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|
2340 \index{omac\_file()} |
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2341 \begin{verbatim} |
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2342 int omac_file( |
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2343 int cipher, |
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2344 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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2345 const char *filename, |
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2346 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
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2347 \end{verbatim} |
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
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|
2348 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2349 Which will OMAC the entire contents of the file specified by \textit{filename} using the key \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} bytes |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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285
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|
2350 and the cipher specified by the \textit{cipher}'th entry in the cipher\_descriptor table. It will store the MAC in \textit{out} with |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2351 the same rules as omac\_done. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
2352 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2353 To test if the OMAC code is working there is the following function: |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2354 \index{omac\_test()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2355 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2356 int omac_test(void); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2357 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2358 Which returns {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if the code passes otherwise it returns an error code. Some example code for using the |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2359 OMAC system is given below. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
2360 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2361 \begin{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2362 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2363 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2364 int main(void) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2365 { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2366 int idx, err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2367 omac_state omac; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2368 unsigned char key[16], dst[MAXBLOCKSIZE]; |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2369 unsigned long dstlen; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2370 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2371 /* register Rijndael */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2372 if (register_cipher(&rijndael_desc) == -1) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2373 printf("Error registering Rijndael\n"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2374 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2375 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2376 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2377 /* get index of Rijndael in cipher descriptor table */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2378 idx = find_cipher("rijndael"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2379 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2380 /* we would make up our symmetric key in "key[]" here */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
2381 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2382 /* start the OMAC */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2383 if ((err = omac_init(&omac, idx, key, 16)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2384 printf("Error setting up omac: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2385 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2386 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2387 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2388 /* process a few octets */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2389 if((err = omac_process(&omac, "hello", 5) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2390 printf("Error processing omac: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2391 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2392 } |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2393 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2394 /* get result (presumably to use it somehow...) */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2395 dstlen = sizeof(dst); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2396 if ((err = omac_done(&omac, dst, &dstlen)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2397 printf("Error finishing omac: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2398 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2399 } |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2400 printf("The omac is %lu bytes long\n", dstlen); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2401 |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2402 /* return */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2403 return 0; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2404 } |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2405 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
2406 \end{small} |
|
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|
2407 |
|
382
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|
2408 \mysection{PMAC Support} |
|
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2409 The PMAC\footnote{J.Black, P.Rogaway, \textit{A Block--Cipher Mode of Operation for Parallelizable Message Authentication}} |
|
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|
2410 protocol is another MAC algorithm that relies solely on a symmetric-key block cipher. It uses essentially the same |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
2411 API as the provided OMAC code. |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2412 |
|
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diff
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|
2413 A PMAC state is initialized with the following. |
|
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|
2414 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
2415 \index{pmac\_init()} |
|
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|
2416 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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|
2417 int pmac_init( pmac_state *pmac, |
|
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|
2418 int cipher, |
|
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|
2419 const unsigned char *key, |
|
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|
2420 unsigned long keylen); |
|
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|
2421 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
2422 Which initializes the \textit{pmac} state with the given \textit{cipher} and \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} bytes. The chosen cipher |
|
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|
2423 must have a 64 or 128 bit block size (e.x. AES). |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
2424 |
|
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changeset
|
2425 To MAC data simply send it through the process function. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2426 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2427 \index{pmac\_process()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2428 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2429 int pmac_process( pmac_state *state, |
|
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|
2430 const unsigned char *in, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2431 unsigned long inlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2432 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2433 This will process \textit{inlen} bytes of \textit{in} in the given \textit{state}. The function is not sensitive to the granularity of the |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2434 data. For example, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2435 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2436 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2437 pmac_process(&mystate, "hello", 5); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2438 pmac_process(&mystate, " world", 6); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2439 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2440 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2441 Would produce the same result as, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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2442 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2443 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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2444 pmac_process(&mystate, "hello world", 11); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2445 \end{verbatim} |
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1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2446 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2447 When a complete message has been processed the following function can be called to compute the message tag. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2448 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2449 \index{pmac\_done()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2450 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2451 int pmac_done( pmac_state *state, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2452 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2453 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2454 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
2455 This will store up to \textit{outlen} bytes of the tag for the given \textit{state} into \textit{out}. Note that if \textit{outlen} is larger |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
2456 than the size of the tag it is set to the amount of bytes stored in \textit{out}. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2457 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
2458 Similar to the OMAC code the file and memory functions are also provided. To PMAC a buffer of memory in one shot use the |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2459 following function. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2460 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2461 \index{pmac\_memory()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2462 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2463 int pmac_memory( |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2464 int cipher, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2465 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2466 const unsigned char *in, unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2467 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2468 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2469 This will compute the PMAC of \textit{msglen} bytes of \textit{msg} using the key \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} bytes, and the cipher |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2470 specified by the \textit{cipher}'th entry in the cipher\_descriptor table. It will store the MAC in \textit{out} with the same |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
2471 rules as pmac\_done(). |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2472 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2473 To PMAC a file use |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2474 \index{pmac\_file()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2475 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
2476 int pmac_file( |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2477 int cipher, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2478 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2479 const char *filename, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2480 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
2481 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2482 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2483 Which will PMAC the entire contents of the file specified by \textit{filename} using the key \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} bytes, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2484 and the cipher specified by the \textit{cipher}'th entry in the cipher\_descriptor table. It will store the MAC in \textit{out} with |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2485 the same rules as pmac\_done(). |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2486 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
2487 To test if the PMAC code is working there is the following function: |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2488 \index{pmac\_test()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2489 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2490 int pmac_test(void); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2491 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2492 Which returns {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if the code passes otherwise it returns an error code. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2493 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2494 \mysection{Pelican MAC} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2495 Pelican MAC is a new (experimental) MAC by the AES team that uses four rounds of AES as a \textit{mixing function}. It achieves a very high |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2496 rate of processing and is potentially very secure. It requires AES to be enabled to function. You do not have to register\_cipher() AES first though |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2497 as it calls AES directly. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2498 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
2499 \index{pelican\_init()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2500 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2501 int pelican_init( pelican_state *pelmac, |
|
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|
2502 const unsigned char *key, |
|
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|
2503 unsigned long keylen); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2504 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2505 This will initialize the Pelican state with the given AES key. Once this has been done you can begin processing data. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2506 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2507 \index{pelican\_process()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2508 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
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|
2509 int pelican_process( pelican_state *pelmac, |
|
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|
2510 const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
2511 unsigned long inlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
2512 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
2513 This will process \textit{inlen} bytes of \textit{in} through the Pelican MAC. It's best that you pass in multiples of 16 bytes as it makes the |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2514 routine more efficient but you may pass in any length of text. You can call this function as many times as required to process |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2515 an entire message. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2516 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2517 \index{pelican\_done()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2518 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2519 int pelican_done(pelican_state *pelmac, unsigned char *out); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2520 \end{verbatim} |
|
382
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|
2521 This terminates a Pelican MAC and writes the 16--octet tag to \textit{out}. |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2522 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2523 \subsection{Example} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2524 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2525 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2526 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2527 int main(void) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2528 { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2529 pelican_state pelstate; |
|
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propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2530 unsigned char key[32], tag[16]; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2531 int err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2532 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2533 /* somehow initialize a key */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2534 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2535 /* initialize pelican mac */ |
|
382
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diff
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|
2536 if ((err = pelican_init(&pelstate, /* the state */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
2537 key, /* user key */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
2538 32 /* key length in octets */ |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2539 )) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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parents:
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diff
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|
2540 printf("Error initializing Pelican: %s", |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
2541 error_to_string(err)); |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2542 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2543 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2544 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2545 /* MAC some data */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2546 if ((err = pelican_process(&pelstate, /* the state */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2547 "hello world", /* data to mac */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2548 11 /* length of data */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2549 )) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
2550 printf("Error processing Pelican: %s", |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
2551 error_to_string(err)); |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2552 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2553 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2554 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2555 /* Terminate the MAC */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
2556 if ((err = pelican_done(&pelstate,/* the state */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
2557 tag /* where to store the tag */ |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2558 )) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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diff
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|
2559 printf("Error terminating Pelican: %s", |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
2560 error_to_string(err)); |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2561 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2562 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2563 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2564 /* tag[0..15] has the MAC output now */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2565 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2566 return EXIT_SUCCESS; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2567 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2568 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2569 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
changeset
|
2570 \mysection{XCBC-MAC} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
2571 As of LibTomCrypt v1.15, XCBC-MAC (RFC 3566) has been provided to support TLS encryption suites. Like OMAC, it computes a message authentication code |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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285
diff
changeset
|
2572 by using a cipher in CBC mode. It also uses a single key which it expands into the requisite three keys for the MAC function. A XCBC--MAC state is |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
2573 initialized with the following function: |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
2574 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2575 \index{xcbc\_init()} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
2576 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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285
diff
changeset
|
2577 int xcbc_init( xcbc_state *xcbc, |
|
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2578 int cipher, |
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2579 const unsigned char *key, |
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2580 unsigned long keylen); |
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2581 \end{verbatim} |
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2582 |
|
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2583 This will initialize the XCBC--MAC state \textit{xcbc}, with the key specified in \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} octets. The cipher indicated |
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2584 by the \textit{cipher} index can be either a 64 or 128--bit block cipher. This will return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} on success. |
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2585 |
|
1435
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2586 \index{LTC\_XCBC\_PURE} |
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2587 It is possible to use XCBC in a three key mode by OR'ing the value \textbf{LTC\_XCBC\_PURE} against the \textit{keylen} parameter. In this mode, the key is |
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2588 interpretted as three keys. If the cipher has a block size of $n$ octets, the first key is then $keylen - 2n$ octets and is the encryption key. The next |
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2589 $2n$ octets are the $K_1$ and $K_2$ padding keys (used on the last block). For example, to use AES--192 \textit{keylen} should be $24 + 2 \cdot 16 = 56$ octets. |
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2590 The three keys are interpretted as if they were concatenated in the \textit{key} buffer. |
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2591 |
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2592 |
|
382
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2593 To process data through XCBC--MAC use the following function: |
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2594 |
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2595 \index{xcbc\_process()} |
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2596 \begin{verbatim} |
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2597 int xcbc_process( xcbc_state *state, |
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2598 const unsigned char *in, |
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2599 unsigned long inlen); |
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2600 \end{verbatim} |
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2601 |
|
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2602 This will add the message octets pointed to by \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} to the XCBC--MAC state pointed to by \textit{state}. Like the other MAC functions, |
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2603 the granularity of the input is not important but the order is. This will return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} on success. |
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2604 |
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2605 To compute the MAC tag value use the following function: |
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2606 |
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2607 \index{xcbc\_done()} |
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2608 \begin{verbatim} |
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2609 int xcbc_done( xcbc_state *state, |
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2610 unsigned char *out, |
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2611 unsigned long *outlen); |
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2612 \end{verbatim} |
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2613 |
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2614 This will retrieve the XCBC--MAC tag from the state pointed to by \textit{state}, and store it in the array pointed to by \textit{out}. The \textit{outlen} parameter |
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2615 specifies the maximum size of the destination buffer, and is updated to hold the final size of the tag when the function returns. This will return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} on success. |
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2616 |
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2617 Helper functions are provided to make parsing memory buffers and files easier. The following functions are provided: |
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2618 |
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2619 \index{xcbc\_memory()} |
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2620 \begin{verbatim} |
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2621 int xcbc_memory( |
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2622 int cipher, |
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2623 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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2624 const unsigned char *in, unsigned long inlen, |
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2625 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
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2626 \end{verbatim} |
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2627 This will compute the XCBC--MAC of \textit{msglen} bytes of \textit{msg}, using the key \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} bytes, and the cipher |
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2628 specified by the \textit{cipher}'th entry in the cipher\_descriptor table. It will store the MAC in \textit{out} with the same rules as xcbc\_done(). |
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2629 |
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2630 To xcbc a file use |
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2631 \index{xcbc\_file()} |
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2632 \begin{verbatim} |
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2633 int xcbc_file( |
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2634 int cipher, |
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2635 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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2636 const char *filename, |
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2637 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
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2638 \end{verbatim} |
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2639 |
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2640 Which will XCBC--MAC the entire contents of the file specified by \textit{filename} using the key \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} bytes, and the cipher |
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2641 specified by the \textit{cipher}'th entry in the cipher\_descriptor table. It will store the MAC in \textit{out} with the same rules as xcbc\_done(). |
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2642 |
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2643 |
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2644 To test XCBC--MAC for RFC 3566 compliance use the following function: |
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2645 |
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2646 \index{xcbc\_test()} |
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2647 \begin{verbatim} |
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2648 int xcbc_test(void); |
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2649 \end{verbatim} |
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2650 |
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2651 This will return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} on success. This requires the AES or Rijndael descriptor be previously registered, otherwise, it will return |
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2652 \textbf{CRYPT\_NOP}. |
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2653 |
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2654 \mysection{F9--MAC} |
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2655 The F9--MAC is yet another CBC--MAC variant proposed for the 3GPP standard. Originally specified to be used with the KASUMI block cipher, it can also be used |
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2656 with other ciphers. For LibTomCrypt, the F9--MAC code can use any cipher. |
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2657 |
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2658 \subsection{Usage Notice} |
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2659 F9--MAC differs slightly from the other MAC functions in that it requires the caller to perform the final message padding. The padding quite simply is a direction |
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2660 bit followed by a 1 bit and enough zeros to make the message a multiple of the cipher block size. If the message is byte aligned, the padding takes on the form of |
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2661 a single 0x40 or 0xC0 byte followed by enough 0x00 bytes to make the message proper multiple. |
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2662 |
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2663 If the user simply wants a MAC function (hint: use OMAC) padding with a single 0x40 byte should be sufficient for security purposes and still be reasonably compatible |
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2664 with F9--MAC. |
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2665 |
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2666 \subsection{F9--MAC Functions} |
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2667 A F9--MAC state is initialized with the following function: |
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2668 \index{f9\_init()} |
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2669 \begin{verbatim} |
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2670 int f9_init( f9_state *f9, |
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2671 int cipher, |
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2672 const unsigned char *key, |
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2673 unsigned long keylen); |
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2674 \end{verbatim} |
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2675 |
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2676 This will initialize the F9--MAC state \textit{f9}, with the key specified in \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} octets. The cipher indicated |
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2677 by the \textit{cipher} index can be either a 64 or 128--bit block cipher. This will return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} on success. |
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2678 |
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2679 To process data through F9--MAC use the following function: |
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2680 \index{f9\_process()} |
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2681 \begin{verbatim} |
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2682 int f9_process( f9_state *state, |
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2683 const unsigned char *in, |
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2684 unsigned long inlen); |
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2685 \end{verbatim} |
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2686 |
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2687 This will add the message octets pointed to by \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} to the F9--MAC state pointed to by \textit{state}. Like the other MAC functions, |
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2688 the granularity of the input is not important but the order is. This will return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} on success. |
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2689 |
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2690 To compute the MAC tag value use the following function: |
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2691 |
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2692 \index{f9\_done()} |
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2693 \begin{verbatim} |
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2694 int f9_done( f9_state *state, |
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2695 unsigned char *out, |
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2696 unsigned long *outlen); |
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2697 \end{verbatim} |
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2698 |
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2699 This will retrieve the F9--MAC tag from the state pointed to by \textit{state}, and store it in the array pointed to by \textit{out}. The \textit{outlen} parameter |
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2700 specifies the maximum size of the destination buffer, and is updated to hold the final size of the tag when the function returns. This will return |
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2701 \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} on success. |
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2702 |
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2703 Helper functions are provided to make parsing memory buffers and files easier. The following functions are provided: |
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2704 |
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2705 \index{f9\_memory()} |
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2706 \begin{verbatim} |
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2707 int f9_memory( |
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2708 int cipher, |
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2709 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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2710 const unsigned char *in, unsigned long inlen, |
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2711 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
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2712 \end{verbatim} |
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2713 This will compute the F9--MAC of \textit{msglen} bytes of \textit{msg}, using the key \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} bytes, and the cipher |
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2714 specified by the \textit{cipher}'th entry in the cipher\_descriptor table. It will store the MAC in \textit{out} with the same rules as f9\_done(). |
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2715 |
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2716 To F9--MAC a file use |
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2717 \index{f9\_file()} |
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2718 \begin{verbatim} |
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2719 int f9_file( |
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2720 int cipher, |
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2721 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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2722 const char *filename, |
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2723 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
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2724 \end{verbatim} |
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2725 |
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2726 Which will F9--MAC the entire contents of the file specified by \textit{filename} using the key \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} bytes, and the cipher |
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2727 specified by the \textit{cipher}'th entry in the cipher\_descriptor table. It will store the MAC in \textit{out} with the same rules as f9\_done(). |
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2728 |
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2729 |
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2730 To test f9--MAC for RFC 3566 compliance use the following function: |
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2731 |
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2732 \index{f9\_test()} |
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2733 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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2734 int f9_test(void); |
|
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2735 \end{verbatim} |
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2736 |
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2737 This will return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} on success. This requires the AES or Rijndael descriptor be previously registered, otherwise, it will return |
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2738 \textbf{CRYPT\_NOP}. |
|
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2739 |
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2740 \chapter{Pseudo-Random Number Generators} |
|
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2741 \mysection{Core Functions} |
|
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2742 The library provides an array of core functions for Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs) as well. A cryptographic PRNG is |
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2743 used to expand a shorter bit string into a longer bit string. PRNGs are used wherever random data is required such as Public Key (PK) |
|
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2744 key generation. There is a universal structure called \textit{prng\_state}. To initialize a PRNG call: |
|
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2745 \index{PRNG start} |
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2746 \begin{verbatim} |
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2747 int XXX_start(prng_state *prng); |
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2748 \end{verbatim} |
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2749 |
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2750 This will setup the PRNG for future use and not seed it. In order for the PRNG to be cryptographically useful you must give it |
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2751 entropy. Ideally you'd have some OS level source to tap like in UNIX. To add entropy to the PRNG call: |
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2752 \index{PRNG add\_entropy} |
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2753 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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2754 int XXX_add_entropy(const unsigned char *in, |
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2755 unsigned long inlen, |
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2756 prng_state *prng); |
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2757 \end{verbatim} |
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2758 Which returns {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if the entropy was accepted. Once you think you have enough entropy you call another |
|
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2759 function to put the entropy into action. |
|
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2760 \index{PRNG ready} |
|
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2761 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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2762 int XXX_ready(prng_state *prng); |
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2763 \end{verbatim} |
|
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2764 |
|
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2765 Which returns {\bf CRYPT\_OK} if it is ready. Finally to actually read bytes call: |
|
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2766 \index{PRNG read} |
|
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2767 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
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2768 unsigned long XXX_read(unsigned char *out, |
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2769 unsigned long outlen, |
|
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2770 prng_state *prng); |
|
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|
2771 \end{verbatim} |
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2772 |
|
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2773 Which returns the number of bytes read from the PRNG. When you are finished with a PRNG state you call |
|
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2774 the following. |
|
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2775 |
|
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2776 \index{PRNG done} |
|
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2777 \begin{verbatim} |
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2778 void XXX_done(prng_state *prng); |
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2779 \end{verbatim} |
|
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2780 |
|
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2781 This will terminate a PRNG state and free any memory (if any) allocated. To export a PRNG state |
|
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2782 so that you can later resume the PRNG call the following. |
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2783 |
|
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2784 \index{PRNG export} |
|
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2785 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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2786 int XXX_export(unsigned char *out, |
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2787 unsigned long *outlen, |
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2788 prng_state *prng); |
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2789 \end{verbatim} |
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2790 |
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2791 This will write a \textit{PRNG state} to the buffer \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen} bytes. The idea of |
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2792 the export is meant to be used as a \textit{seed file}. That is, when the program starts up there will not likely |
|
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2793 be that much entropy available. To import a state to seed a PRNG call the following function. |
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2794 |
|
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|
2795 \index{PRNG import} |
|
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|
2796 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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2797 int XXX_import(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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2798 unsigned long inlen, |
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2799 prng_state *prng); |
|
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|
2800 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2801 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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parents:
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|
2802 This will call the start and add\_entropy functions of the given PRNG. It will use the state in |
|
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2803 \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} as the initial seed. You must pass the same seed length as was exported |
|
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parents:
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|
2804 by the corresponding export function. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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2805 |
|
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0cbe8f6dbf9e
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2806 Note that importing a state will not \textit{resume} the PRNG from where it left off. That is, if you export |
|
285
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|
2807 a state, emit (say) 8 bytes and then import the previously exported state the next 8 bytes will not |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
2808 specifically equal the 8 bytes you generated previously. |
|
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2809 |
|
382
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2810 When a program is first executed the normal course of operation is: |
|
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2811 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2812 \begin{enumerate} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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2813 \item Gather entropy from your sources for a given period of time or number of events. |
|
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|
2814 \item Start, use your entropy via add\_entropy and ready the PRNG yourself. |
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2815 \end{enumerate} |
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2816 |
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2817 When your program is finished you simply call the export function and save the state to a medium (disk, |
|
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2818 flash memory, etc). The next time your application starts up you can detect the state, feed it to the |
|
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2819 import function and go on your way. It is ideal that (as soon as possible) after start up you export a |
|
285
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|
2820 fresh state. This helps in the case that the program aborts or the machine is powered down without |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2821 being given a chance to exit properly. |
|
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2822 |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2823 Note that even if you have a state to import it is important to add new entropy to the state. However, |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2824 there is less pressure to do so. |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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2825 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2826 To test a PRNG for operational conformity call the following functions. |
|
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2827 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2828 \index{PRNG test} |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2829 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2830 int XXX_test(void); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2831 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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2832 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2833 This will return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} if PRNG is operating properly. |
|
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2834 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2835 \subsection{Remarks} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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2836 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2837 It is possible to be adding entropy and reading from a PRNG at the same time. For example, if you first seed the PRNG |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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2838 and call ready() you can now read from it. You can also keep adding new entropy to it. The new entropy will not be used |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2839 in the PRNG until ready() is called again. This allows the PRNG to be used and re-seeded at the same time. No real error |
|
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2840 checking is guaranteed to see if the entropy is sufficient, or if the PRNG is even in a ready state before reading. |
|
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2841 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2842 \subsection{Example} |
|
382
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2843 Below is a simple snippet to read 10 bytes from Yarrow. It is important to note that this snippet is {\bf NOT} secure since |
|
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2844 the entropy added is not random. |
|
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2845 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2846 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2847 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
|
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|
2848 int main(void) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2849 { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2850 prng_state prng; |
|
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|
2851 unsigned char buf[10]; |
|
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|
2852 int err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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2853 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2854 /* start it */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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2855 if ((err = yarrow_start(&prng)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2856 printf("Start error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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|
2857 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2858 /* add entropy */ |
|
382
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2859 if ((err = yarrow_add_entropy("hello world", 11, &prng)) |
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|
2860 != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
285
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|
2861 printf("Add_entropy error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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|
2862 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2863 /* ready and read */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2864 if ((err = yarrow_ready(&prng)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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|
2865 printf("Ready error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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|
2866 } |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2867 printf("Read %lu bytes from yarrow\n", |
|
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|
2868 yarrow_read(buf, sizeof(buf), &prng)); |
|
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|
2869 return 0; |
|
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|
2870 } |
|
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|
2871 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
2872 |
|
382
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|
2873 \mysection{PRNG Descriptors} |
|
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|
2874 \index{PRNG Descriptor} |
|
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2875 PRNGs have descriptors that allow plugin driven functions to be created using PRNGs. The plugin descriptors are stored in the structure \textit{prng\_descriptor}. The |
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2876 format of an element is: |
|
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|
2877 \begin{verbatim} |
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|
2878 struct _prng_descriptor { |
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2879 char *name; |
|
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2880 int export_size; /* size in bytes of exported state */ |
|
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2881 |
|
285
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2882 int (*start) (prng_state *); |
|
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2883 |
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2884 int (*add_entropy)(const unsigned char *, unsigned long, |
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2885 prng_state *); |
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2886 |
|
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2887 int (*ready) (prng_state *); |
|
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2888 |
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2889 unsigned long (*read)(unsigned char *, unsigned long len, |
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2890 prng_state *); |
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2891 |
|
285
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2892 void (*done)(prng_state *); |
|
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2893 |
|
285
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2894 int (*export)(unsigned char *, unsigned long *, prng_state *); |
|
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2895 |
|
285
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2896 int (*import)(const unsigned char *, unsigned long, prng_state *); |
|
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2897 |
|
285
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2898 int (*test)(void); |
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2899 }; |
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2900 \end{verbatim} |
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2901 |
|
382
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2902 To find a PRNG in the descriptor table the following function can be used: |
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2903 \index{find\_prng()} |
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2904 \begin{verbatim} |
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2905 int find_prng(const char *name); |
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2906 \end{verbatim} |
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2907 This will search the PRNG descriptor table for the PRNG named \textit{name}. It will return -1 if the PRNG is not found, otherwise, it returns |
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2908 the index into the descriptor table. |
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2909 |
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2910 Just like the ciphers and hashes, you must register your prng before you can use it. The two functions provided work exactly as those for the cipher registry functions. |
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2911 They are the following: |
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2912 \index{register\_prng()} \index{unregister\_prng()} |
|
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2913 \begin{verbatim} |
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2914 int register_prng(const struct _prng_descriptor *prng); |
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2915 int unregister_prng(const struct _prng_descriptor *prng); |
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2916 \end{verbatim} |
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2917 |
|
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2918 The register function will register the PRNG, and return the index into the table where it was placed (or -1 for error). It will avoid registering the same |
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2919 descriptor twice, and will return the index of the current placement in the table if the caller attempts to register it more than once. The unregister function |
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2920 will return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} if the PRNG was found and removed. Otherwise, it returns \textbf{CRYPT\_ERROR}. |
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2921 |
|
285
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2922 \subsection{PRNGs Provided} |
|
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2923 \begin{figure}[here] |
|
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2924 \begin{center} |
|
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|
2925 \begin{small} |
|
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2926 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|} |
|
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2927 \hline \textbf{Name} & \textbf{Descriptor} & \textbf{Usage} \\ |
|
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2928 \hline Yarrow & yarrow\_desc & Fast short-term PRNG \\ |
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2929 \hline Fortuna & fortuna\_desc & Fast long-term PRNG (recommended) \\ |
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2930 \hline RC4 & rc4\_desc & Stream Cipher \\ |
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2931 \hline SOBER-128 & sober128\_desc & Stream Cipher (also very fast PRNG) \\ |
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2932 \hline |
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2933 \end{tabular} |
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2934 \end{small} |
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2935 \end{center} |
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2936 \caption{List of Provided PRNGs} |
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2937 \end{figure} |
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2938 |
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2939 \subsubsection{Yarrow} |
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2940 Yarrow is fast PRNG meant to collect an unspecified amount of entropy from sources |
|
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2941 (keyboard, mouse, interrupts, etc), and produce an unbounded string of random bytes. |
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2942 |
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2943 \textit{Note:} This PRNG is still secure for most tasks but is no longer recommended. Users |
|
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2944 should use Fortuna instead. |
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2945 |
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2946 \subsubsection{Fortuna} |
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2947 |
|
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2948 Fortuna is a fast attack tolerant and more thoroughly designed PRNG suitable for long term |
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2949 usage. It is faster than the default implementation of Yarrow\footnote{Yarrow has been implemented |
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2950 to work with most cipher and hash combos based on which you have chosen to build into the library.} while |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2951 providing more security. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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parents:
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|
2952 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2953 Fortuna is slightly less flexible than Yarrow in the sense that it only works with the AES block cipher |
|
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|
2954 and SHA--256 hash function. Technically, Fortuna will work with any block cipher that accepts a 256--bit |
|
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|
2955 key, and any hash that produces at least a 256--bit output. However, to make the implementation simpler |
|
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parents:
diff
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|
2956 it has been fixed to those choices. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2957 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2958 Fortuna is more secure than Yarrow in the sense that attackers who learn parts of the entropy being |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2959 added to the PRNG learn far less about the state than that of Yarrow. Without getting into to many |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2960 details Fortuna has the ability to recover from state determination attacks where the attacker starts |
|
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|
2961 to learn information from the PRNGs output about the internal state. Yarrow on the other hand, cannot |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2962 recover from that problem until new entropy is added to the pool and put to use through the ready() function. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2963 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2964 \subsubsection{RC4} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2965 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2966 RC4 is an old stream cipher that can also double duty as a PRNG in a pinch. You key RC4 by |
|
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2967 calling add\_entropy(), and setup the key by calling ready(). You can only add up to 256 bytes via |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2968 add\_entropy(). |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2969 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2970 When you read from RC4, the output is XOR'ed against your buffer you provide. In this manner, you can use rc4\_read() |
|
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|
2971 as an encrypt (and decrypt) function. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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2972 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2973 You really should not use RC4. This is not because RC4 is weak, (though biases are known to exist) but simply due to |
|
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|
2974 the fact that faster alternatives exist. |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2975 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2976 \subsubsection{SOBER-128} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
2977 |
|
382
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|
2978 SOBER--128 is a stream cipher designed by the QUALCOMM Australia team. Like RC4, you key it by |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2979 calling add\_entropy(). There is no need to call ready() for this PRNG as it does not do anything. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2980 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2981 Note: this cipher has several oddities about how it operates. The first call to add\_entropy() sets the cipher's key. |
|
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|
2982 Every other time call to the add\_entropy() function sets the cipher's IV variable. The IV mechanism allows you to |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2983 encrypt several messages with the same key, and not re--use the same key material. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2984 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2985 Unlike Yarrow and Fortuna, all of the entropy (and hence security) of this algorithm rests in the data |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
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|
2986 you pass it on the \textbf{first} call to add\_entropy(). All buffers sent to add\_entropy() must have a length |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2987 that is a multiple of four bytes. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2988 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
2989 Like RC4, the output of SOBER--128 is XOR'ed against the buffer you provide it. In this manner, you can use |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2990 sober128\_read() as an encrypt (and decrypt) function. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2991 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
2992 Since SOBER-128 has a fixed keying scheme, and is very fast (faster than RC4) the ideal usage of SOBER-128 is to |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
2993 key it from the output of Fortuna (or Yarrow), and use it to encrypt messages. It is also ideal for |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2994 simulations which need a high quality (and fast) stream of bytes. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2995 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2996 \subsubsection{Example Usage} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
2997 \begin{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2998 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
2999 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
3000 int main(void) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3001 { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3002 prng_state prng; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
3003 unsigned char buf[32]; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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changeset
|
3004 int err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3005 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3006 if ((err = rc4_start(&prng)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3007 printf("RC4 init error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3008 exit(-1); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3009 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
3010 |
|
382
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|
3011 /* use "key" as the key */ |
|
285
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parents:
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|
3012 if ((err = rc4_add_entropy("key", 3, &prng)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3013 printf("RC4 add entropy error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3014 exit(-1); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3015 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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parents:
diff
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|
3016 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3017 /* setup RC4 for use */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3018 if ((err = rc4_ready(&prng)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3019 printf("RC4 ready error: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3020 exit(-1); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3021 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3022 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3023 /* encrypt buffer */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3024 strcpy(buf,"hello world"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3025 if (rc4_read(buf, 11, &prng) != 11) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3026 printf("RC4 read error\n"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3027 exit(-1); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3028 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3029 return 0; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3030 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3031 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3032 \end{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3033 To decrypt you have to do the exact same steps. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3034 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
3035 \mysection{The Secure RNG} |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3036 \index{Secure RNG} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
3037 An RNG is related to a PRNG in many ways, except that it does not expand a smaller seed to get the data. They generate their random bits |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3038 by performing some computation on fresh input bits. Possibly the hardest thing to get correctly in a cryptosystem is the |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3039 PRNG. Computers are deterministic that try hard not to stray from pre--determined paths. This makes gathering entropy needed to seed a PRNG |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
3040 a hard task. |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3041 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3042 There is one small function that may help on certain platforms: |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3043 \index{rng\_get\_bytes()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3044 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3045 unsigned long rng_get_bytes( |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3046 unsigned char *buf, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3047 unsigned long len, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3048 void (*callback)(void)); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3049 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3050 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3051 Which will try one of three methods of getting random data. The first is to open the popular \textit{/dev/random} device which |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3052 on most *NIX platforms provides cryptographic random bits\footnote{This device is available in Windows through the Cygwin compiler suite. It emulates \textit{/dev/random} via the Microsoft CSP.}. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3053 The second method is to try the Microsoft Cryptographic Service Provider, and read the RNG. The third method is an ANSI C |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3054 clock drift method that is also somewhat popular but gives bits of lower entropy. The \textit{callback} parameter is a pointer to a function that returns void. It is |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3055 used when the slower ANSI C RNG must be used so the calling application can still work. This is useful since the ANSI C RNG has a throughput of roughly three |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3056 bytes a second. The callback pointer may be set to {\bf NULL} to avoid using it if you do not want to. The function returns the number of bytes actually read from |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3057 any RNG source. There is a function to help setup a PRNG as well: |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3058 \index{rng\_make\_prng()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3059 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3060 int rng_make_prng( int bits, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3061 int wprng, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3062 prng_state *prng, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3063 void (*callback)(void)); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3064 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3065 This will try to initialize the prng with a state of at least \textit{bits} of entropy. The \textit{callback} parameter works much like |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3066 the callback in \textit{rng\_get\_bytes()}. It is highly recommended that you use this function to setup your PRNGs unless you have a |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3067 platform where the RNG does not work well. Example usage of this function is given below: |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3068 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3069 \begin{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3070 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3071 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3072 int main(void) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3073 { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3074 ecc_key mykey; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3075 prng_state prng; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3076 int err; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3077 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3078 /* register yarrow */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3079 if (register_prng(&yarrow_desc) == -1) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3080 printf("Error registering Yarrow\n"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3081 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3082 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3083 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3084 /* setup the PRNG */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3085 if ((err = rng_make_prng(128, find_prng("yarrow"), &prng, NULL)) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
3086 != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3087 printf("Error setting up PRNG, %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3088 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3089 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3090 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3091 /* make a 192-bit ECC key */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
3092 if ((err = ecc_make_key(&prng, find_prng("yarrow"), 24, &mykey)) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3093 != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3094 printf("Error making key: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3095 return -1; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3096 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3097 return 0; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3098 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3099 \end{verbatim} |
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3100 \end{small} |
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3101 |
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3102 \subsection{The Secure PRNG Interface} |
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3103 It is possible to access the secure RNG through the PRNG interface, and in turn use it within dependent functions such |
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3104 as the PK API. This simplifies the cryptosystem on platforms where the secure RNG is fast. The secure PRNG never |
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3105 requires to be started, that is you need not call the start, add\_entropy, or ready functions. For example, consider |
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3106 the previous example using this PRNG. |
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3107 |
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3108 \begin{small} |
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3109 \begin{verbatim} |
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3110 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
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3111 int main(void) |
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3112 { |
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3113 ecc_key mykey; |
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3114 int err; |
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3115 |
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3116 /* register SPRNG */ |
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3117 if (register_prng(&sprng_desc) == -1) { |
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3118 printf("Error registering SPRNG\n"); |
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3119 return -1; |
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3120 } |
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3121 |
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3122 /* make a 192-bit ECC key */ |
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3123 if ((err = ecc_make_key(NULL, find_prng("sprng"), 24, &mykey)) |
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3124 != CRYPT_OK) { |
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3125 printf("Error making key: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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3126 return -1; |
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3127 } |
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3128 return 0; |
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3129 } |
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3130 \end{verbatim} |
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3131 \end{small} |
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3132 |
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3133 \chapter{RSA Public Key Cryptography} |
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3134 |
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3135 \mysection{Introduction} |
|
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3136 RSA wrote the PKCS \#1 specifications which detail RSA Public Key Cryptography. In the specifications are |
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3137 padding algorithms for encryption and signatures. The standard includes the \textit{v1.5} and \textit{v2.1} algorithms. |
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3138 To simplify matters a little the v2.1 encryption and signature padding algorithms are called OAEP and PSS respectively. |
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3139 |
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3140 \mysection{PKCS \#1 Padding} |
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3141 PKCS \#1 v1.5 padding is so simple that both signature and encryption padding are performed by the same function. Note: the |
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3142 signature padding does \textbf{not} include the ASN.1 padding required. That is performed by the rsa\_sign\_hash\_ex() function |
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3143 documented later on in this chapter. |
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3144 |
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3145 \subsection{PKCS \#1 v1.5 Encoding} |
|
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3146 The following function performs PKCS \#1 v1.5 padding: |
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3147 \index{pkcs\_1\_v1\_5\_encode()} |
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3148 \begin{verbatim} |
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3149 int pkcs_1_v1_5_encode( |
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3150 const unsigned char *msg, |
|
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3151 unsigned long msglen, |
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3152 int block_type, |
|
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3153 unsigned long modulus_bitlen, |
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3154 prng_state *prng, |
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3155 int prng_idx, |
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3156 unsigned char *out, |
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3157 unsigned long *outlen); |
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3158 \end{verbatim} |
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3159 |
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3160 This will encode the message pointed to by \textit{msg} of length \textit{msglen} octets. The \textit{block\_type} parameter must be set to |
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3161 \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_EME} to perform encryption padding. It must be set to \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_EMSA} to perform signature padding. The \textit{modulus\_bitlen} |
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3162 parameter indicates the length of the modulus in bits. The padded data is stored in \textit{out} with a length of \textit{outlen} octets. The output will not be |
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3163 longer than the modulus which helps allocate the correct output buffer size. |
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3164 |
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3165 Only encryption padding requires a PRNG. When performing signature padding the \textit{prng\_idx} parameter may be left to zero as it is not checked for validity. |
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3166 |
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3167 \subsection{PKCS \#1 v1.5 Decoding} |
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3168 The following function performs PKCS \#1 v1.5 de--padding: |
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3169 \index{pkcs\_1\_v1\_5\_decode()} |
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3170 \begin{verbatim} |
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3171 int pkcs_1_v1_5_decode( |
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3172 const unsigned char *msg, |
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3173 unsigned long msglen, |
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3174 int block_type, |
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3175 unsigned long modulus_bitlen, |
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3176 unsigned char *out, |
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3177 unsigned long *outlen, |
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3178 int *is_valid); |
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3179 \end{verbatim} |
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3180 \index{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_EME} \index{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_EMSA} |
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3181 This will remove the PKCS padding data pointed to by \textit{msg} of length \textit{msglen}. The decoded data is stored in \textit{out} of length |
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3182 \textit{outlen}. If the padding is valid, a 1 is stored in \textit{is\_valid}, otherwise, a 0 is stored. The \textit{block\_type} parameter must be set to either |
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3183 \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_EME} or \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_EMSA} depending on whether encryption or signature padding is being removed. |
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3184 |
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3185 \mysection{PKCS \#1 v2.1 Encryption} |
|
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3186 PKCS \#1 RSA Encryption amounts to OAEP padding of the input message followed by the modular exponentiation. As far as this portion of |
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3187 the library is concerned we are only dealing with th OAEP padding of the message. |
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3188 |
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3189 \subsection{OAEP Encoding} |
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3190 |
|
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3191 The following function performs PKCS \#1 v2.1 encryption padding: |
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3192 |
|
285
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3193 \index{pkcs\_1\_oaep\_encode()} |
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3194 \begin{alltt} |
|
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3195 int pkcs_1_oaep_encode( |
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3196 const unsigned char *msg, |
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3197 unsigned long msglen, |
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3198 const unsigned char *lparam, |
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3199 unsigned long lparamlen, |
|
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3200 unsigned long modulus_bitlen, |
|
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3201 prng_state *prng, |
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3202 int prng_idx, |
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3203 int hash_idx, |
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3204 unsigned char *out, |
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3205 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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3206 \end{alltt} |
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3207 |
|
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3208 This accepts \textit{msg} as input of length \textit{msglen} which will be OAEP padded. The \textit{lparam} variable is an additional system specific |
|
285
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3209 tag that can be applied to the encoding. This is useful to identify which system encoded the message. If no variance is desired then |
|
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3210 \textit{lparam} can be set to \textbf{NULL}. |
|
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3211 |
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3212 OAEP encoding requires the length of the modulus in bits in order to calculate the size of the output. This is passed as the parameter |
|
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3213 \textit{modulus\_bitlen}. \textit{hash\_idx} is the index into the hash descriptor table of the hash desired. PKCS \#1 allows any hash to be |
|
285
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3214 used but both the encoder and decoder must use the same hash in order for this to succeed. The size of hash output affects the maximum |
|
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3215 sized input message. \textit{prng\_idx} and \textit{prng} are the random number generator arguments required to randomize the padding process. |
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3216 The padded message is stored in \textit{out} along with the length in \textit{outlen}. |
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3217 |
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3218 If $h$ is the length of the hash and $m$ the length of the modulus (both in octets) then the maximum payload for \textit{msg} is |
|
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3219 $m - 2h - 2$. For example, with a $1024$--bit RSA key and SHA--1 as the hash the maximum payload is $86$ bytes. |
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3220 |
|
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3221 Note that when the message is padded it still has not been RSA encrypted. You must pass the output of this function to |
|
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3222 rsa\_exptmod() to encrypt it. |
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3223 |
|
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|
3224 \subsection{OAEP Decoding} |
|
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3225 |
|
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3226 \index{pkcs\_1\_oaep\_decode()} |
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3227 \begin{alltt} |
|
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3228 int pkcs_1_oaep_decode( |
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3229 const unsigned char *msg, |
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3230 unsigned long msglen, |
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3231 const unsigned char *lparam, |
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3232 unsigned long lparamlen, |
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3233 unsigned long modulus_bitlen, |
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3234 int hash_idx, |
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3235 unsigned char *out, |
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3236 unsigned long *outlen, |
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3237 int *res); |
|
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|
3238 \end{alltt} |
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3239 |
|
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3240 This function decodes an OAEP encoded message and outputs the original message that was passed to the OAEP encoder. \textit{msg} is the |
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3241 output of pkcs\_1\_oaep\_encode() of length \textit{msglen}. \textit{lparam} is the same system variable passed to the OAEP encoder. If it does not |
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3242 match what was used during encoding this function will not decode the packet. \textit{modulus\_bitlen} is the size of the RSA modulus in bits |
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3243 and must match what was used during encoding. Similarly the \textit{hash\_idx} index into the hash descriptor table must match what was used |
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|
3244 during encoding. |
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3245 |
|
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|
3246 If the function succeeds it decodes the OAEP encoded message into \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen} and stores a |
|
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|
3247 $1$ in \textit{res}. If the packet is invalid it stores $0$ in \textit{res} and if the function fails for another reason |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3248 it returns an error code. |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3249 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3250 \mysection{PKCS \#1 Digital Signatures} |
|
285
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parents:
diff
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|
3251 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3252 \subsection{PSS Encoding} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3253 PSS encoding is the second half of the PKCS \#1 standard which is padding to be applied to messages that are signed. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3254 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3255 \index{pkcs\_1\_pss\_encode()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
3256 \begin{alltt} |
|
382
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|
3257 int pkcs_1_pss_encode( |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3258 const unsigned char *msghash, |
|
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|
3259 unsigned long msghashlen, |
|
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|
3260 unsigned long saltlen, |
|
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|
3261 prng_state *prng, |
|
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|
3262 int prng_idx, |
|
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|
3263 int hash_idx, |
|
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|
3264 unsigned long modulus_bitlen, |
|
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|
3265 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3266 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
3267 \end{alltt} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
3268 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3269 This function assumes the message to be PSS encoded has previously been hashed. The input hash \textit{msghash} is of length |
|
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|
3270 \textit{msghashlen}. PSS allows a variable length random salt (it can be zero length) to be introduced in the signature process. |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3271 \textit{hash\_idx} is the index into the hash descriptor table of the hash to use. \textit{prng\_idx} and \textit{prng} are the random |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3272 number generator information required for the salt. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
3273 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3274 Similar to OAEP encoding \textit{modulus\_bitlen} is the size of the RSA modulus (in bits). It limits the size of the salt. If $m$ is the length |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3275 of the modulus $h$ the length of the hash output (in octets) then there can be $m - h - 2$ bytes of salt. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3276 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3277 This function does not actually sign the data it merely pads the hash of a message so that it can be processed by rsa\_exptmod(). |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3278 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3279 \subsection{PSS Decoding} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3280 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3281 To decode a PSS encoded signature block you have to use the following. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3282 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3283 \index{pkcs\_1\_pss\_decode()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
3284 \begin{alltt} |
|
382
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|
3285 int pkcs_1_pss_decode( |
|
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propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3286 const unsigned char *msghash, |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3287 unsigned long msghashlen, |
|
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|
3288 const unsigned char *sig, |
|
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diff
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|
3289 unsigned long siglen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3290 unsigned long saltlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3291 int hash_idx, |
|
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|
3292 unsigned long modulus_bitlen, |
|
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|
3293 int *res); |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3294 \end{alltt} |
|
382
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|
3295 This will decode the PSS encoded message in \textit{sig} of length \textit{siglen} and compare it to values in \textit{msghash} of length |
|
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propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3296 \textit{msghashlen}. If the block is a valid PSS block and the decoded hash equals the hash supplied \textit{res} is set to non--zero. Otherwise, |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
3297 it is set to zero. The rest of the parameters are as in the PSS encode call. |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3298 |
|
382
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|
3299 It's important to use the same \textit{saltlen} and hash for both encoding and decoding as otherwise the procedure will not work. |
|
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3300 |
|
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|
3301 \mysection{RSA Key Operations} |
|
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|
3302 \subsection{Background} |
|
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|
3303 |
|
382
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|
3304 RSA is a public key algorithm that is based on the inability to find the \textit{e-th} root modulo a composite of unknown |
|
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diff
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|
3305 factorization. Normally the difficulty of breaking RSA is associated with the integer factoring problem but they are |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3306 not strictly equivalent. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
3307 |
|
382
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|
3308 The system begins with with two primes $p$ and $q$ and their product $N = pq$. The order or \textit{Euler totient} of the |
|
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|
3309 multiplicative sub-group formed modulo $N$ is given as $\phi(N) = (p - 1)(q - 1)$ which can be reduced to |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3310 $\mbox{lcm}(p - 1, q - 1)$. The public key consists of the composite $N$ and some integer $e$ such that |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3311 $\mbox{gcd}(e, \phi(N)) = 1$. The private key consists of the composite $N$ and the inverse of $e$ modulo $\phi(N)$ |
|
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|
3312 often simply denoted as $de \equiv 1\mbox{ }(\mbox{mod }\phi(N))$. |
|
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diff
changeset
|
3313 |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3314 A person who wants to encrypt with your public key simply forms an integer (the plaintext) $M$ such that |
|
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|
3315 $1 < M < N-2$ and computes the ciphertext $C = M^e\mbox{ }(\mbox{mod }N)$. Since finding the inverse exponent $d$ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3316 given only $N$ and $e$ appears to be intractable only the owner of the private key can decrypt the ciphertext and compute |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
3317 $C^d \equiv \left (M^e \right)^d \equiv M^1 \equiv M\mbox{ }(\mbox{mod }N)$. Similarly the owner of the private key |
|
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3318 can sign a message by \textit{decrypting} it. Others can verify it by \textit{encrypting} it. |
|
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3319 |
|
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|
3320 Currently RSA is a difficult system to cryptanalyze provided that both primes are large and not close to each other. |
|
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3321 Ideally $e$ should be larger than $100$ to prevent direct analysis. For example, if $e$ is three and you do not pad |
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|
3322 the plaintext to be encrypted than it is possible that $M^3 < N$ in which case finding the cube-root would be trivial. |
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3323 The most often suggested value for $e$ is $65537$ since it is large enough to make such attacks impossible and also well |
|
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|
3324 designed for fast exponentiation (requires 16 squarings and one multiplication). |
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3325 |
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|
3326 It is important to pad the input to RSA since it has particular mathematical structure. For instance |
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3327 $M_1^dM_2^d = (M_1M_2)^d$ which can be used to forge a signature. Suppose $M_3 = M_1M_2$ is a message you want |
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1b9e69c058d2
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3328 to have a forged signature for. Simply get the signatures for $M_1$ and $M_2$ on their own and multiply the result |
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|
3329 together. Similar tricks can be used to deduce plaintexts from ciphertexts. It is important not only to sign |
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3330 the hash of documents only but also to pad the inputs with data to remove such structure. |
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3331 |
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|
3332 \subsection{RSA Key Generation} |
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1b9e69c058d2
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3333 |
|
382
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3334 For RSA routines a single \textit{rsa\_key} structure is used. To make a new RSA key call: |
|
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3335 \index{rsa\_make\_key()} |
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3336 \begin{verbatim} |
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3337 int rsa_make_key(prng_state *prng, |
|
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3338 int wprng, |
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3339 int size, |
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3340 long e, |
|
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3341 rsa_key *key); |
|
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3342 \end{verbatim} |
|
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3343 |
|
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3344 Where \textit{wprng} is the index into the PRNG descriptor array. The \textit{size} parameter is the size in bytes of the RSA modulus desired. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3345 The \textit{e} parameter is the encryption exponent desired, typical values are 3, 17, 257 and 65537. Stick with 65537 since it is big enough to prevent |
|
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3346 trivial math attacks, and not super slow. The \textit{key} parameter is where the constructed key is placed. All keys must be at |
|
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3347 least 128 bytes, and no more than 512 bytes in size (\textit{that is from 1024 to 4096 bits}). |
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3348 |
|
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3349 \index{rsa\_free()} |
|
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3350 Note: the \textit{rsa\_make\_key()} function allocates memory at run--time when you make the key. Make sure to call |
|
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3351 \textit{rsa\_free()} (see below) when you are finished with the key. If \textit{rsa\_make\_key()} fails it will automatically |
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3352 free the memory allocated. |
|
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3353 |
|
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|
3354 \index{PK\_PRIVATE} \index{PK\_PUBLIC} |
|
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3355 There are two types of RSA keys. The types are {\bf PK\_PRIVATE} and {\bf PK\_PUBLIC}. The first type is a private |
|
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3356 RSA key which includes the CRT parameters\footnote{As of v0.99 the PK\_PRIVATE\_OPTIMIZED type has been deprecated, and has been replaced by the |
|
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3357 PK\_PRIVATE type.} in the form of a RSAPrivateKey (PKCS \#1 compliant). The second type, is a public RSA key which only includes the modulus and public exponent. |
|
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3358 It takes the form of a RSAPublicKey (PKCS \#1 compliant). |
|
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3359 |
|
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|
3360 \subsection{RSA Exponentiation} |
|
382
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3361 To do raw work with the RSA function, that is without padding, use the following function: |
|
285
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|
3362 \index{rsa\_exptmod()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
3363 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
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3364 int rsa_exptmod(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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3365 unsigned long inlen, |
|
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3366 unsigned char *out, |
|
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3367 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
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3368 int which, |
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|
3369 rsa_key *key); |
|
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|
3370 \end{verbatim} |
|
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3371 This will load the bignum from \textit{in} as a big endian integer in the format PKCS \#1 specifies, raises it to either \textit{e} or \textit{d} and stores the result |
|
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3372 in \textit{out} and the size of the result in \textit{outlen}. \textit{which} is set to {\bf PK\_PUBLIC} to use \textit{e} |
|
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3373 (i.e. for encryption/verifying) and set to {\bf PK\_PRIVATE} to use \textit{d} as the exponent (i.e. for decrypting/signing). |
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3374 |
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3375 Note: the output of this function is zero--padded as per PKCS \#1 specification. This allows this routine to work with PKCS \#1 padding functions properly. |
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3376 |
|
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|
3377 \mysection{RSA Key Encryption} |
|
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|
3378 Normally RSA is used to encrypt short symmetric keys which are then used in block ciphers to encrypt a message. |
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|
3379 To facilitate encrypting short keys the following functions have been provided. |
|
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|
3380 |
|
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|
3381 \index{rsa\_encrypt\_key()} |
|
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|
3382 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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3383 int rsa_encrypt_key( |
|
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3384 const unsigned char *in, |
|
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3385 unsigned long inlen, |
|
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3386 unsigned char *out, |
|
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3387 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
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3388 const unsigned char *lparam, |
|
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3389 unsigned long lparamlen, |
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3390 prng_state *prng, |
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3391 int prng_idx, |
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3392 int hash_idx, |
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3393 rsa_key *key); |
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3394 \end{verbatim} |
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3395 This function will OAEP pad \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} bytes, RSA encrypt it, and store the ciphertext |
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3396 in \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen} octets. The \textit{lparam} and \textit{lparamlen} are the same parameters you would pass |
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3397 to \index{pkcs\_1\_oaep\_encode()} pkcs\_1\_oaep\_encode(). |
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3398 |
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3399 \subsection{Extended Encryption} |
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3400 As of v1.15, the library supports both v1.5 and v2.1 PKCS \#1 style paddings in these higher level functions. The following is the extended |
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3401 encryption function: |
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3402 |
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3403 \index{rsa\_encrypt\_key\_ex()} |
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3404 \begin{verbatim} |
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3405 int rsa_encrypt_key_ex( |
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3406 const unsigned char *in, |
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3407 unsigned long inlen, |
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3408 unsigned char *out, |
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3409 unsigned long *outlen, |
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3410 const unsigned char *lparam, |
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3411 unsigned long lparamlen, |
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3412 prng_state *prng, |
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3413 int prng_idx, |
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3414 int hash_idx, |
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3415 int padding, |
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3416 rsa_key *key); |
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3417 \end{verbatim} |
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3418 |
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3419 \index{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_OAEP} \index{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_V1\_5} |
|
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3420 The parameters are all the same as for rsa\_encrypt\_key() except for the addition of the \textit{padding} parameter. It must be set to |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3421 \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_V1\_5} to perform v1.5 encryption, or set to \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_OAEP} to perform v2.1 encryption. |
|
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3422 |
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3423 When performing v1.5 encryption, the hash and lparam parameters are totally ignored and can be set to \textbf{NULL} or zero (respectively). |
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3424 |
|
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3425 \mysection{RSA Key Decryption} |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
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3426 \index{rsa\_decrypt\_key()} |
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3427 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
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3428 int rsa_decrypt_key( |
|
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3429 const unsigned char *in, |
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3430 unsigned long inlen, |
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3431 unsigned char *out, |
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3432 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
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3433 const unsigned char *lparam, |
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3434 unsigned long lparamlen, |
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3435 int hash_idx, |
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3436 int *stat, |
|
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3437 rsa_key *key); |
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3438 \end{verbatim} |
|
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3439 This function will RSA decrypt \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} then OAEP de-pad the resulting data and store it in |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3440 \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen}. The \textit{lparam} and \textit{lparamlen} are the same parameters you would pass |
|
285
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|
3441 to pkcs\_1\_oaep\_decode(). |
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3442 |
|
382
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3443 If the RSA decrypted data is not a valid OAEP packet then \textit{stat} is set to $0$. Otherwise, it is set to $1$. |
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3444 |
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3445 \subsection{Extended Decryption} |
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3446 As of v1.15, the library supports both v1.5 and v2.1 PKCS \#1 style paddings in these higher level functions. The following is the extended |
|
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3447 decryption function: |
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3448 |
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3449 \index{rsa\_decrypt\_key\_ex()} |
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3450 \begin{verbatim} |
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3451 int rsa_decrypt_key_ex( |
|
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3452 const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
3453 unsigned long inlen, |
|
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3454 unsigned char *out, |
|
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|
3455 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
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|
3456 const unsigned char *lparam, |
|
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3457 unsigned long lparamlen, |
|
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3458 int hash_idx, |
|
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3459 int padding, |
|
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3460 int *stat, |
|
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3461 rsa_key *key); |
|
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|
3462 \end{verbatim} |
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3463 |
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3464 Similar to the extended encryption, the new parameter \textit{padding} indicates which version of the PKCS \#1 standard to use. |
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3465 It must be set to \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_V1\_5} to perform v1.5 decryption, or set to \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_OAEP} to perform v2.1 decryption. |
|
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3466 |
|
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3467 When performing v1.5 decryption, the hash and lparam parameters are totally ignored and can be set to \textbf{NULL} or zero (respectively). |
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3468 |
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0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3469 |
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|
3470 \mysection{RSA Signature Generation} |
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3471 Similar to RSA key encryption RSA is also used to \textit{digitally sign} message digests (hashes). To facilitate this |
|
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|
3472 process the following functions have been provided. |
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3473 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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3474 \index{rsa\_sign\_hash()} |
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1b9e69c058d2
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3475 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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3476 int rsa_sign_hash(const unsigned char *in, |
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3477 unsigned long inlen, |
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3478 unsigned char *out, |
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3479 unsigned long *outlen, |
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3480 prng_state *prng, |
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3481 int prng_idx, |
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3482 int hash_idx, |
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3483 unsigned long saltlen, |
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3484 rsa_key *key); |
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3485 \end{verbatim} |
|
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3486 |
|
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3487 This will PSS encode the message digest pointed to by \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} octets. Next, the PSS encoded hash will be RSA |
|
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3488 \textit{signed} and the output stored in the buffer pointed to by \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen} octets. |
|
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3489 |
|
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3490 The \textit{hash\_idx} parameter indicates which hash will be used to create the PSS encoding. It should be the same as the hash used to |
|
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3491 hash the message being signed. The \textit{saltlen} parameter indicates the length of the desired salt, and should typically be small. A good |
|
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3492 default value is between 8 and 16 octets. Strictly, it must be small than $modulus\_len - hLen - 2$ where \textit{modulus\_len} is the size of |
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|
3493 the RSA modulus (in octets), and \textit{hLen} is the length of the message digest produced by the chosen hash. |
|
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3494 |
|
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3495 \subsection{Extended Signatures} |
|
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3496 |
|
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3497 As of v1.15, the library supports both v1.5 and v2.1 signatures. The extended signature generation function has the following prototype: |
|
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3498 |
|
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|
3499 \index{rsa\_sign\_hash\_ex()} |
|
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|
3500 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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3501 int rsa_sign_hash_ex( |
|
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3502 const unsigned char *in, |
|
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3503 unsigned long inlen, |
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3504 unsigned char *out, |
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3505 unsigned long *outlen, |
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3506 int padding, |
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3507 prng_state *prng, |
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3508 int prng_idx, |
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3509 int hash_idx, |
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3510 unsigned long saltlen, |
|
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3511 rsa_key *key); |
|
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|
3512 \end{verbatim} |
|
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3513 |
|
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3514 This will PKCS encode the message digest pointed to by \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} octets. Next, the PKCS encoded hash will be RSA |
|
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3515 \textit{signed} and the output stored in the buffer pointed to by \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen} octets. The \textit{padding} parameter |
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3516 must be set to \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_V1\_5} to produce a v1.5 signature, otherwise, it must be set to \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_PSS} to produce a |
|
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3517 v2.1 signature. |
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3518 |
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3519 When performing a v1.5 signature the \textit{prng}, \textit{prng\_idx}, and \textit{hash\_idx} parameters are not checked and can be left to any |
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|
3520 values such as $\lbrace$\textbf{NULL}, 0, 0$\rbrace$. |
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3521 |
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|
3522 \mysection{RSA Signature Verification} |
|
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|
3523 \index{rsa\_verify\_hash()} |
|
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|
3524 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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3525 int rsa_verify_hash(const unsigned char *sig, |
|
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3526 unsigned long siglen, |
|
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3527 const unsigned char *msghash, |
|
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3528 unsigned long msghashlen, |
|
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3529 int hash_idx, |
|
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3530 unsigned long saltlen, |
|
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3531 int *stat, |
|
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3532 rsa_key *key); |
|
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3533 \end{verbatim} |
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3534 |
|
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|
3535 This will RSA \textit{verify} the signature pointed to by \textit{sig} of length \textit{siglen} octets. Next, the RSA decoded data is PSS decoded |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3536 and the extracted hash is compared against the message digest pointed to by \textit{msghash} of length \textit{msghashlen} octets. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3537 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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diff
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|
3538 If the RSA decoded data is not a valid PSS message, or if the PSS decoded hash does not match the \textit{msghash} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3539 value, \textit{res} is set to $0$. Otherwise, if the function succeeds, and signature is valid \textit{res} is set to $1$. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3540 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
3541 \subsection{Extended Verification} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
3542 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3543 As of v1.15, the library supports both v1.5 and v2.1 signature verification. The extended signature verification function has the following prototype: |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
3544 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
3545 \index{rsa\_verify\_hash\_ex()} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3546 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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285
diff
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|
3547 int rsa_verify_hash_ex( |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
3548 const unsigned char *sig, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
3549 unsigned long siglen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3550 const unsigned char *hash, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
changeset
|
3551 unsigned long hashlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
3552 int padding, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
3553 int hash_idx, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
3554 unsigned long saltlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3555 int *stat, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3556 rsa_key *key); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3557 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
3558 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
3559 This will RSA \textit{verify} the signature pointed to by \textit{sig} of length \textit{siglen} octets. Next, the RSA decoded data is PKCS decoded |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
3560 and the extracted hash is compared against the message digest pointed to by \textit{msghash} of length \textit{msghashlen} octets. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3561 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3562 If the RSA decoded data is not a valid PSS message, or if the PKCS decoded hash does not match the \textit{msghash} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
3563 value, \textit{res} is set to $0$. Otherwise, if the function succeeds, and signature is valid \textit{res} is set to $1$. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
3564 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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diff
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|
3565 The \textit{padding} parameter must be set to \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_V1\_5} to perform a v1.5 verification. Otherwise, it must be set to |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
3566 \textbf{LTC\_PKCS\_1\_PSS} to perform a v2.1 verification. When performing a v1.5 verification the \textit{hash\_idx} parameter is ignored. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3567 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3568 \mysection{RSA Encryption Example} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
3569 \begin{small} |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3570 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3571 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3572 int main(void) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3573 { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3574 int err, hash_idx, prng_idx, res; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3575 unsigned long l1, l2; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3576 unsigned char pt[16], pt2[16], out[1024]; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3577 rsa_key key; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3578 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3579 /* register prng/hash */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3580 if (register_prng(&sprng_desc) == -1) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3581 printf("Error registering sprng"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3582 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3583 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3584 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3585 /* register a math library (in this case TomsFastMath) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
changeset
|
3586 ltc_mp = tfm_desc; |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
3587 |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3588 if (register_hash(&sha1_desc) == -1) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3589 printf("Error registering sha1"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3590 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3591 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3592 hash_idx = find_hash("sha1"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3593 prng_idx = find_prng("sprng"); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3594 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3595 /* make an RSA-1024 key */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3596 if ((err = rsa_make_key(NULL, /* PRNG state */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3597 prng_idx, /* PRNG idx */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3598 1024/8, /* 1024-bit key */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3599 65537, /* we like e=65537 */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3600 &key) /* where to store the key */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3601 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3602 printf("rsa_make_key %s", error_to_string(err)); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3603 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3604 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3605 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3606 /* fill in pt[] with a key we want to send ... */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3607 l1 = sizeof(out); |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
3608 if ((err = rsa_encrypt_key(pt, /* data we wish to encrypt */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
3609 16, /* data is 16 bytes long */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3610 out, /* where to store ciphertext */ |
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3611 &l1, /* length of ciphertext */ |
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3612 "TestApp", /* our lparam for this program */ |
|
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3613 7, /* lparam is 7 bytes long */ |
|
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3614 NULL, /* PRNG state */ |
|
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3615 prng_idx, /* prng idx */ |
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3616 hash_idx, /* hash idx */ |
|
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3617 &key) /* our RSA key */ |
|
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|
3618 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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3619 printf("rsa_encrypt_key %s", error_to_string(err)); |
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3620 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
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3621 } |
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3622 |
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3623 /* now let's decrypt the encrypted key */ |
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3624 l2 = sizeof(pt2); |
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3625 if ((err = rsa_decrypt_key(out, /* encrypted data */ |
|
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3626 l1, /* length of ciphertext */ |
|
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3627 pt2, /* where to put plaintext */ |
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3628 &l2, /* plaintext length */ |
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3629 "TestApp", /* lparam for this program */ |
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3630 7, /* lparam is 7 bytes long */ |
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3631 hash_idx, /* hash idx */ |
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3632 &res, /* validity of data */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3633 &key) /* our RSA key */ |
|
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|
3634 ) != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3635 printf("rsa_decrypt_key %s", error_to_string(err)); |
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|
3636 return EXIT_FAILURE; |
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|
3637 } |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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3638 /* if all went well pt == pt2, l2 == 16, res == 1 */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3639 } |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3640 \end{verbatim} |
|
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3641 \end{small} |
|
382
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3642 |
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3643 \mysection{RSA Key Format} |
|
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3644 |
|
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3645 The RSA key format adopted for exporting and importing keys is the PKCS \#1 format defined by the ASN.1 constructs known as |
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3646 RSAPublicKey and RSAPrivateKey. Additionally, the OpenSSL key format is supported by the import function only. |
|
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3647 |
|
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|
3648 \subsection{RSA Key Export} |
|
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3649 To export a RSA key use the following function. |
|
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3650 |
|
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|
3651 \index{rsa\_export()} |
|
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3652 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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3653 int rsa_export(unsigned char *out, |
|
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3654 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
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3655 int type, |
|
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|
3656 rsa_key *key); |
|
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|
3657 \end{verbatim} |
|
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3658 This will export the RSA key in either a RSAPublicKey or RSAPrivateKey (PKCS \#1 types) depending on the value of \textit{type}. When it is |
|
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|
3659 set to \textbf{PK\_PRIVATE} the export format will be RSAPrivateKey and otherwise it will be RSAPublicKey. |
|
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3660 |
|
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|
3661 \subsection{RSA Key Import} |
|
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|
3662 To import a RSA key use the following function. |
|
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3663 |
|
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|
3664 \index{rsa\_import()} |
|
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|
3665 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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|
3666 int rsa_import(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
3667 unsigned long inlen, |
|
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|
3668 rsa_key *key); |
|
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|
3669 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
3670 |
|
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|
3671 This will import the key stored in \textit{inlen} and import it to \textit{key}. If the function fails it will automatically free any allocated memory. This |
|
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|
3672 function can import both RSAPublicKey and RSAPrivateKey formats. |
|
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|
3673 |
|
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|
3674 As of v1.06 this function can also import OpenSSL DER formatted public RSA keys. They are essentially encapsulated RSAPublicKeys. LibTomCrypt will |
|
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|
3675 import the key, strip off the additional data (it's the preferred hash) and fill in the rsa\_key structure as if it were a native RSAPublicKey. Note that |
|
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|
3676 there is no function provided to export in this format. |
|
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|
3677 |
|
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|
3678 \chapter{Elliptic Curve Cryptography} |
|
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|
3679 |
|
382
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|
3680 \mysection{Background} |
|
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parents:
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|
3681 The library provides a set of core ECC functions as well that are designed to be the Elliptic Curve analogy of all of the |
|
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|
3682 Diffie-Hellman routines in the previous chapter. Elliptic curves (of certain forms) have the benefit that they are harder |
|
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|
3683 to attack (no sub-exponential attacks exist unlike normal DH crypto) in fact the fastest attack requires the square root |
|
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|
3684 of the order of the base point in time. That means if you use a base point of order $2^{192}$ (which would represent a |
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3685 192-bit key) then the work factor is $2^{96}$ in order to find the secret key. |
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3686 |
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3687 The curves in this library are taken from the following website: |
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3688 \begin{verbatim} |
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3689 http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/dss.htm |
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3690 \end{verbatim} |
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3691 |
|
382
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3692 As of v1.15 three new curves from the SECG standards are also included they are the secp112r1, secp128r1, and secp160r1 curves. These curves were added to |
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3693 support smaller devices which do not need as large keys for security. |
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3694 |
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3695 They are all curves over the integers modulo a prime. The curves have the basic equation that is: |
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3696 \begin{equation} |
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3697 y^2 = x^3 - 3x + b\mbox{ }(\mbox{mod }p) |
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3698 \end{equation} |
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3699 |
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3700 The variable $b$ is chosen such that the number of points is nearly maximal. In fact the order of the base points $\beta$ |
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3701 provided are very close to $p$ that is $\vert \vert \phi(\beta) \vert \vert \approx \vert \vert p \vert \vert$. The curves |
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382
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3702 range in order from $\approx 2^{112}$ points to $\approx 2^{521}$. According to the source document any key size greater |
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3703 than or equal to 256-bits is sufficient for long term security. |
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3704 |
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382
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3705 \mysection{Fixed Point Optimizations} |
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3706 \index{Fixed Point ECC} |
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3707 \index{MECC\_FP} |
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3708 As of v1.12 of LibTomCrypt, support for Fixed Point ECC point multiplication has been added. It is a generic optimization that is |
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3709 supported by any conforming math plugin. It is enabled by defining \textbf{MECC\_FP} during the build, such as |
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3710 |
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3711 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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3712 CFLAGS="-DTFM_DESC -DMECC_FP" make |
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3713 \end{verbatim} |
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3714 |
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3715 which will build LTC using the TFM math library and enabling this new feature. The feature is not enabled by default as it is \textbf{NOT} thread |
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3716 safe (by default). It supports the LTC locking macros (such as by enabling LTC\_PTHREAD), but by default is not locked. |
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3717 |
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3718 \index{FP\_ENTRIES} |
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3719 The optimization works by using a Fixed Point multiplier on any base point you use twice or more in a short period of time. It has a limited size |
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3720 cache (of FP\_ENTRIES entries) which it uses to hold recent bases passed to ltc\_ecc\_mulmod(). Any base detected to be used twice is sent through the |
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3721 pre--computation phase, and then the fixed point algorithm can be used. For example, if you use a NIST base point twice in a row, the 2$^{nd}$ and |
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3722 all subsequent point multiplications with that point will use the faster algorithm. |
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3723 |
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3724 \index{FP\_LUT} |
|
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3725 The optimization uses a window on the multiplicand of FP\_LUT bits (default: 8, min: 2, max: 12), and this controls the memory/time trade-off. The larger the |
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3726 value the faster the algorithm will be but the more memory it will take. The memory usage is $3 \cdot 2^{FP\_LUT}$ integers which by default |
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3727 with TFM amounts to about 400kB of memory. Tuning TFM (by changing FP\_SIZE) can decrease the usage by a fair amount. Memory is only used by a cache entry |
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3728 if it is active. Both FP\_ENTRIES and FP\_LUT are definable on the command line if you wish to override them. For instance, |
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3729 |
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3730 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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3731 CFLAGS="-DTFM_DESC -DMECC_FP -DFP_ENTRIES=8 -DFP_LUT=6" make |
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3732 \end{verbatim} |
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3733 |
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3734 \begin{flushleft} |
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3735 \index{FP\_SIZE} \index{TFM} \index{tfm.h} |
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3736 would define a window of 6 bits and limit the cache to 8 entries. Generally, it is better to first tune TFM by adjusting FP\_SIZE (from tfm.h). It defaults |
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3737 to 4096 bits (512 bytes) which is way more than what is required by ECC. At most, you need 1152 bits to accommodate ECC--521. If you're only using (say) |
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3738 ECC--256 you will only need 576 bits, which would reduce the memory usage by 700\%. |
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3739 \end{flushleft} |
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3740 |
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3741 \mysection{Key Format} |
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3742 LibTomCrypt uses a unique format for ECC public and private keys. While ANSI X9.63 partially specifies key formats, it does it in a less than ideally simple manner. \ |
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3743 In the case of LibTomCrypt, it is meant \textbf{solely} for NIST and SECG $GF(p)$ curves. The format of the keys is as follows: |
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3744 |
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3745 \index{ECC Key Format} |
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3746 \begin{small} |
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3747 \begin{verbatim} |
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3748 ECCPublicKey ::= SEQUENCE { |
|
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3749 flags BIT STRING(0), -- public/private flag (always zero), |
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3750 keySize INTEGER, -- Curve size (in bits) divided by eight |
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3751 -- and rounded down, e.g. 521 => 65 |
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3752 pubkey.x INTEGER, -- The X co-ordinate of the public key point |
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3753 pubkey.y INTEGER, -- The Y co-ordinate of the public key point |
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3754 } |
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3755 |
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|
3756 ECCPrivateKey ::= SEQUENCE { |
|
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|
3757 flags BIT STRING(1), -- public/private flag (always one), |
|
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|
3758 keySize INTEGER, -- Curve size (in bits) divided by eight |
|
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3759 -- and rounded down, e.g. 521 => 65 |
|
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|
3760 pubkey.x INTEGER, -- The X co-ordinate of the public key point |
|
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|
3761 pubkey.y INTEGER, -- The Y co-ordinate of the public key point |
|
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|
3762 secret.k INTEGER, -- The secret key scalar |
|
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|
3763 } |
|
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|
3764 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
3765 \end{small} |
|
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3766 |
|
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3767 The first flags bit denotes whether the key is public (zero) or private (one). |
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3768 |
|
382
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3769 \vfil |
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3770 |
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3771 \mysection{ECC Curve Parameters} |
|
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3772 The library uses the following structure to describe an elliptic curve. This is used internally, as well as by the new |
|
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3773 extended ECC functions which allow the user to specify their own curves. |
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3774 |
|
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3775 \index{ltc\_ecc\_set\_type} |
|
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3776 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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3777 /** Structure defines a NIST GF(p) curve */ |
|
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3778 typedef struct { |
|
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3779 /** The size of the curve in octets */ |
|
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|
3780 int size; |
|
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3781 |
|
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|
3782 /** name of curve */ |
|
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|
3783 char *name; |
|
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3784 |
|
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3785 /** The prime that defines the field (encoded in hex) */ |
|
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|
3786 char *prime; |
|
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3787 |
|
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|
3788 /** The fields B param (hex) */ |
|
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|
3789 char *B; |
|
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3790 |
|
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3791 /** The order of the curve (hex) */ |
|
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|
3792 char *order; |
|
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3793 |
|
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|
3794 /** The x co-ordinate of the base point on the curve (hex) */ |
|
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|
3795 char *Gx; |
|
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3796 |
|
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3797 /** The y co-ordinate of the base point on the curve (hex) */ |
|
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|
3798 char *Gy; |
|
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|
3799 } ltc_ecc_set_type; |
|
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|
3800 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
3801 |
|
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|
3802 The curve must be of the form $y^2 = x^3 - 3x + b$, and all of the integer parameters are encoded in hexadecimal format. |
|
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|
3803 |
|
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|
3804 \mysection{Core Functions} |
|
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|
3805 \subsection{ECC Key Generation} |
|
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3806 There is a key structure called \textit{ecc\_key} used by the ECC functions. There is a function to make a key: |
|
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|
3807 \index{ecc\_make\_key()} |
|
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|
3808 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
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|
3809 int ecc_make_key(prng_state *prng, |
|
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|
3810 int wprng, |
|
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|
3811 int keysize, |
|
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|
3812 ecc_key *key); |
|
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|
3813 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
3814 |
|
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3815 The \textit{keysize} is the size of the modulus in bytes desired. Currently directly supported values are 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 48, and 65 bytes which |
|
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3816 correspond to key sizes of 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 384, and 521 bits respectively. If you pass a key size that is between any key size it will round |
|
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3817 the keysize up to the next available one. |
|
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3818 |
|
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|
3819 The function will free any internally allocated resources if there is an error. |
|
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|
3820 |
|
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|
3821 \subsection{Extended Key Generation} |
|
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3822 As of v1.16, the library supports an extended key generation routine which allows the user to specify their own curve. It is specified as follows: |
|
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3823 |
|
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3824 \index{ecc\_make\_key\_ex()} |
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3825 \begin{verbatim} |
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3826 int ecc_make_key_ex( |
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3827 prng_state *prng, |
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3828 int wprng, |
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3829 ecc_key *key, |
|
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3830 const ltc_ecc_set_type *dp); |
|
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|
3831 \end{verbatim} |
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3832 |
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3833 This function generates a random ECC key over the curve specified by the parameters by \textit{dp}. The rest of the parameters are equivalent to |
|
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3834 those from the original key generation function. |
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3835 |
|
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3836 \subsection{ECC Key Free} |
|
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3837 To free the memory allocated by a ecc\_make\_key(), ecc\_make\_key\_ex(), ecc\_import(), or ecc\_import\_ex() call use the following function: |
|
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|
3838 \index{ecc\_free()} |
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1b9e69c058d2
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|
3839 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
3840 void ecc_free(ecc_key *key); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
3841 \end{verbatim} |
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1b9e69c058d2
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3842 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3843 \subsection{ECC Key Export} |
|
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3844 To export an ECC key using the LibTomCrypt format call the following function: |
|
285
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|
3845 \index{ecc\_export()} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3846 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3847 int ecc_export(unsigned char *out, |
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3848 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
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3849 int type, |
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|
3850 ecc_key *key); |
|
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3851 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3852 This will export the key with the given \textit{type} (\textbf{PK\_PUBLIC} or \textbf{PK\_PRIVATE}), and store it to \textit{out}. |
|
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3853 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3854 \subsection{ECC Key Import} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3855 The following function imports a LibTomCrypt format ECC key: |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3856 \index{ecc\_import()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
3857 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3858 int ecc_import(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
3859 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3860 ecc_key *key); |
|
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|
3861 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3862 This will import the ECC key from \textit{in}, and store it in the ecc\_key structure pointed to by \textit{key}. If the operation fails it will free |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3863 any allocated memory automatically. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3864 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3865 \subsection{Extended Key Import} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3866 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3867 The following function imports a LibTomCrypt format ECC key using a specified set of curve parameters: |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3868 \index{ecc\_import\_ex()} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3869 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3870 int ecc_import_ex(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
3871 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3872 ecc_key *key, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3873 const ltc_ecc_set_type *dp); |
|
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|
3874 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3875 This will import the key from the array pointed to by \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} octets. The key is stored in |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3876 the ECC structure pointed to by \textit{key}. The curve is specified by the parameters pointed to by \textit{dp}. The function will free |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3877 all internally allocated memory upon error. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3878 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3879 \subsection{ANSI X9.63 Export} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3880 The following function exports an ECC public key in the ANSI X9.63 format: |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3881 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3882 \index{ecc\_ansi\_x963\_export()} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3883 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3884 int ecc_ansi_x963_export( ecc_key *key, |
|
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|
3885 unsigned char *out, |
|
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|
3886 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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|
3887 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3888 The ECC key pointed to by \textit{key} is exported in public fashion to the array pointed to by \textit{out}. The ANSI X9.63 format used is from |
|
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|
3889 section 4.3.6 of the standard. It does not allow for the export of private keys. |
|
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|
3890 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3891 \subsection{ANSI X9.63 Import} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3892 The following function imports an ANSI X9.63 section 4.3.6 format public ECC key: |
|
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|
3893 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3894 \index{ecc\_ansi\_x963\_import()} |
|
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|
3895 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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|
3896 int ecc_ansi_x963_import(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
3897 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3898 ecc_key *key); |
|
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|
3899 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3900 This will import the key stored in the array pointed to by \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} octets. The imported key is stored in the ECC key pointed to by |
|
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|
3901 \textit{key}. The function will free any allocated memory upon error. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3902 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3903 \subsection{Extended ANSI X9.63 Import} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3904 The following function allows the importing of an ANSI x9.63 section 4.3.6 format public ECC key using user specified domain parameters: |
|
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|
3905 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3906 \index{ecc\_ansi\_x963\_import\_ex()} |
|
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|
3907 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3908 int ecc_ansi_x963_import_ex(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
3909 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3910 ecc_key *key, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3911 ltc_ecc_set_type *dp); |
|
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|
3912 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3913 This will import the key stored in the array pointed to by \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} octets using the domain parameters pointed to by \textit{dp}. |
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0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3914 The imported key is stored in the ECC key pointed to by \textit{key}. The function will free any allocated memory upon error. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3915 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3916 \subsection{ECC Shared Secret} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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3917 To construct a Diffie-Hellman shared secret with a private and public ECC key, use the following function: |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
3918 \index{ecc\_shared\_secret()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
3919 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3920 int ecc_shared_secret( ecc_key *private_key, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3921 ecc_key *public_key, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3922 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3923 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3924 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3925 The \textit{private\_key} is typically the local private key, and \textit{public\_key} is the key the remote party has shared. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3926 Note: this function stores only the $x$ co-ordinate of the shared elliptic point as described in ANSI X9.63 ECC--DH. |
|
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|
3927 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3928 \mysection{ECC Diffie-Hellman Encryption} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3929 ECC--DH Encryption is performed by producing a random key, hashing it, and XOR'ing the digest against the plaintext. It is not strictly ANSI X9.63 compliant |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3930 but it is very similar. It has been extended by using an ASN.1 sequence and hash object identifiers to allow portable usage. The following function |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3931 encrypts a short string (no longer than the message digest) using this technique: |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3932 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3933 \subsection{ECC-DH Encryption} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3934 \index{ecc\_encrypt\_key()} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3935 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3936 int ecc_encrypt_key(const unsigned char *in, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3937 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3938 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3939 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3940 prng_state *prng, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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changeset
|
3941 int wprng, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3942 int hash, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3943 ecc_key *key); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3944 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3945 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3946 As the name implies this function encrypts a (symmetric) key, and is not intended for encrypting long messages directly. It will encrypt the |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3947 plaintext in the array pointed to by \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} octets. It uses the public ECC key pointed to by \textit{key}, and |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3948 hash algorithm indexed by \textit{hash} to construct a shared secret which may be XOR'ed against the plaintext. The ciphertext is stored in |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3949 the output buffer pointed to by \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen} octets. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3950 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3951 The data is encrypted to the public ECC \textit{key} such that only the holder of the private key can decrypt the payload. To have multiple |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3952 recipients multiple call to this function for each public ECC key is required. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3953 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3954 \subsection{ECC-DH Decryption} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3955 \index{ecc\_decrypt\_key()} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3956 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3957 int ecc_decrypt_key(const unsigned char *in, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3958 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3959 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3960 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3961 ecc_key *key); |
|
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|
3962 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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changeset
|
3963 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3964 This function will decrypt an encrypted payload. The \textit{key} provided must be the private key corresponding to the public key |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3965 used during encryption. If the wrong key is provided the function will not specifically return an error code. It is important |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
3966 to use some form of challenge response in that case (e.g. compute a MAC of a known string). |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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changeset
|
3967 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
3968 \subsection{ECC Encryption Format} |
|
285
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diff
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|
3969 The packet format for the encrypted keys is the following ASN.1 SEQUENCE: |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
changeset
|
3970 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3971 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
changeset
|
3972 ECCEncrypt ::= SEQUENCE { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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diff
changeset
|
3973 hashID OBJECT IDENTIFIER, -- OID of hash used |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
3974 pubkey OCTET STRING , -- Encapsulated ECCPublicKey |
|
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|
3975 skey OCTET STRING -- xor of plaintext and |
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3976 --"hash of shared secret" |
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3977 } |
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3978 \end{verbatim} |
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3979 |
|
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3980 \mysection{EC DSA Signatures} |
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3981 |
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3982 There are also functions to sign and verify messages. They use the ANSI X9.62 EC-DSA algorithm to generate and verify signatures in the |
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3983 ANSI X9.62 format. |
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3984 |
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3985 \subsection{EC-DSA Signature Generation} |
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3986 To sign a message digest (hash) use the following function: |
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3987 |
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3988 \index{ecc\_sign\_hash()} |
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3989 \begin{verbatim} |
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3990 int ecc_sign_hash(const unsigned char *in, |
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3991 unsigned long inlen, |
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3992 unsigned char *out, |
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3993 unsigned long *outlen, |
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3994 prng_state *prng, |
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3995 int wprng, |
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3996 ecc_key *key); |
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3997 \end{verbatim} |
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3998 |
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3999 This function will EC--DSA sign the message digest stored in the array pointed to by \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} octets. The signature |
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4000 will be stored in the array pointed to by \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen} octets. The function requires a properly seeded PRNG, and |
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4001 the ECC \textit{key} provided must be a private key. |
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4002 |
|
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4003 \subsection{EC-DSA Signature Verification} |
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4004 \index{ecc\_verify\_hash()} |
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4005 \begin{verbatim} |
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4006 int ecc_verify_hash(const unsigned char *sig, |
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4007 unsigned long siglen, |
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4008 const unsigned char *hash, |
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4009 unsigned long hashlen, |
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4010 int *stat, |
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4011 ecc_key *key); |
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4012 \end{verbatim} |
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4013 |
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4014 This function will verify the EC-DSA signature in the array pointed to by \textit{sig} of length \textit{siglen} octets, against the message digest |
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4015 pointed to by the array \textit{hash} of length \textit{hashlen}. It will store a non--zero value in \textit{stat} if the signature is valid. Note: |
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4016 the function will not return an error if the signature is invalid. It will return an error, if the actual signature payload is an invalid format. |
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4017 The ECC \textit{key} must be the public (or private) ECC key corresponding to the key that performed the signature. |
|
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4018 |
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4019 \subsection{Signature Format} |
|
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4020 The signature code is an implementation of X9.62 EC--DSA, and the output is compliant for GF(p) curves. |
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4021 |
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4022 \mysection{ECC Keysizes} |
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4023 With ECC if you try to sign a hash that is bigger than your ECC key you can run into problems. The math will still work, and in effect the signature will still |
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4024 work. With ECC keys the strength of the signature is limited by the size of the hash, or the size of they key, whichever is smaller. For example, if you sign with |
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4025 SHA256 and an ECC-192 key, you in effect have 96--bits of security. |
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4026 |
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4027 The library will not warn you if you make this mistake, so it is important to check yourself before using the signatures. |
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4028 |
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4029 \chapter{Digital Signature Algorithm} |
|
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4030 \mysection{Introduction} |
|
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4031 The Digital Signature Algorithm (or DSA) is a variant of the ElGamal Signature scheme which has been modified to |
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4032 reduce the bandwidth of the signatures. For example, to have \textit{80-bits of security} with ElGamal, you need a group with an order of at least 1024--bits. |
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4033 With DSA, you need a group of order at least 160--bits. By comparison, the ElGamal signature would require at least 256 bytes of storage, whereas the DSA signature |
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4034 would require only at least 40 bytes. |
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4035 |
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4036 \mysection{Key Format} |
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4037 Since no useful public standard for DSA key storage was presented to me during the course of this development I made my own ASN.1 SEQUENCE which I document |
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4038 now so that others can interoperate with this library. |
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4039 |
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4040 \begin{verbatim} |
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4041 DSAPublicKey ::= SEQUENCE { |
|
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4042 publicFlags BIT STRING(0), -- must be 0 |
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4043 g INTEGER , -- base generator |
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4044 -- check that g^q mod p == 1 |
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4045 -- and that 1 < g < p - 1 |
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4046 p INTEGER , -- prime modulus |
|
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4047 q INTEGER , -- order of sub-group |
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4048 -- (must be prime) |
|
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|
4049 y INTEGER , -- public key, specifically, |
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4050 -- g^x mod p, |
|
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4051 -- check that y^q mod p == 1 |
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4052 -- and that 1 < y < p - 1 |
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|
4053 } |
|
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|
4054 |
|
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4055 DSAPrivateKey ::= SEQUENCE { |
|
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4056 publicFlags BIT STRING(1), -- must be 1 |
|
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4057 g INTEGER , -- base generator |
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4058 -- check that g^q mod p == 1 |
|
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4059 -- and that 1 < g < p - 1 |
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4060 p INTEGER , -- prime modulus |
|
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4061 q INTEGER , -- order of sub-group |
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4062 -- (must be prime) |
|
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4063 y INTEGER , -- public key, specifically, |
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4064 -- g^x mod p, |
|
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4065 -- check that y^q mod p == 1 |
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4066 -- and that 1 < y < p - 1 |
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4067 x INTEGER -- private key |
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|
4068 } |
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|
4069 \end{verbatim} |
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4070 |
|
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4071 The leading BIT STRING has a single bit in it which is zero for public keys and one for private keys. This makes the structure uniquely decodable, |
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4072 and easy to work with. |
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4073 |
|
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|
4074 \mysection{Key Generation} |
|
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|
4075 To make a DSA key you must call the following function |
|
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|
4076 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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4077 int dsa_make_key(prng_state *prng, |
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4078 int wprng, |
|
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4079 int group_size, |
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4080 int modulus_size, |
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4081 dsa_key *key); |
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4082 \end{verbatim} |
|
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4083 The variable \textit{prng} is an active PRNG state and \textit{wprng} the index to the descriptor. \textit{group\_size} and |
|
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4084 \textit{modulus\_size} control the difficulty of forging a signature. Both parameters are in bytes. The larger the |
|
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4085 \textit{group\_size} the more difficult a forgery becomes upto a limit. The value of $group\_size$ is limited by |
|
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|
4086 $15 < group\_size < 1024$ and $modulus\_size - group\_size < 512$. Suggested values for the pairs are as follows. |
|
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|
4087 |
|
382
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|
4088 \begin{figure}[here] |
|
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|
4089 \begin{center} |
|
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|
4090 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} |
|
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|
4091 \hline \textbf{Bits of Security} & \textbf{group\_size} & \textbf{modulus\_size} \\ |
|
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4092 \hline 80 & 20 & 128 \\ |
|
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4093 \hline 120 & 30 & 256 \\ |
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4094 \hline 140 & 35 & 384 \\ |
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4095 \hline 160 & 40 & 512 \\ |
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4096 \hline |
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|
4097 \end{tabular} |
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4098 \end{center} |
|
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|
4099 \caption{DSA Key Sizes} |
|
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|
4100 \end{figure} |
|
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4101 |
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4102 When you are finished with a DSA key you can call the following function to free the memory used. |
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|
4103 \index{dsa\_free()} |
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|
4104 \begin{verbatim} |
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|
4105 void dsa_free(dsa_key *key); |
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4106 \end{verbatim} |
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4107 |
|
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4108 \mysection{Key Verification} |
|
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4109 Each DSA key is composed of the following variables. |
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4110 |
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|
4111 \begin{enumerate} |
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4112 \item $q$ a small prime of magnitude $256^{group\_size}$. |
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4113 \item $p = qr + 1$ a large prime of magnitude $256^{modulus\_size}$ where $r$ is a random even integer. |
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4114 \item $g = h^r \mbox{ (mod }p\mbox{)}$ a generator of order $q$ modulo $p$. $h$ can be any non-trivial random |
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|
4115 value. For this library they start at $h = 2$ and step until $g$ is not $1$. |
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|
4116 \item $x$ a random secret (the secret key) in the range $1 < x < q$ |
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|
4117 \item $y = g^x \mbox{ (mod }p\mbox{)}$ the public key. |
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|
4118 \end{enumerate} |
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4119 |
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|
4120 A DSA key is considered valid if it passes all of the following tests. |
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4121 |
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|
4122 \begin{enumerate} |
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4123 \item $q$ must be prime. |
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4124 \item $p$ must be prime. |
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4125 \item $g$ cannot be one of $\lbrace -1, 0, 1 \rbrace$ (modulo $p$). |
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4126 \item $g$ must be less than $p$. |
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4127 \item $(p-1) \equiv 0 \mbox{ (mod }q\mbox{)}$. |
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4128 \item $g^q \equiv 1 \mbox{ (mod }p\mbox{)}$. |
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4129 \item $1 < y < p - 1$ |
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4130 \item $y^q \equiv 1 \mbox{ (mod }p\mbox{)}$. |
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4131 \end{enumerate} |
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4132 |
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4133 Tests one and two ensure that the values will at least form a field which is required for the signatures to |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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4134 function. Tests three and four ensure that the generator $g$ is not set to a trivial value which would make signature |
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4135 forgery easier. Test five ensures that $q$ divides the order of multiplicative sub-group of $\Z/p\Z$. Test six |
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4136 ensures that the generator actually generates a prime order group. Tests seven and eight ensure that the public key |
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4137 is within range and belongs to a group of prime order. Note that test eight does not prove that $g$ generated $y$ only |
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4138 that $y$ belongs to a multiplicative sub-group of order $q$. |
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4139 |
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4140 The following function will perform these tests. |
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4141 |
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4142 \index{dsa\_verify\_key()} |
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4143 \begin{verbatim} |
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4144 int dsa_verify_key(dsa_key *key, int *stat); |
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4145 \end{verbatim} |
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4146 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4147 This will test \textit{key} and store the result in \textit{stat}. If the result is $stat = 0$ the DSA key failed one of the tests |
|
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4148 and should not be used at all. If the result is $stat = 1$ the DSA key is valid (as far as valid mathematics are concerned). |
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4149 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4150 \mysection{Signatures} |
|
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|
4151 \subsection{Signature Generation} |
|
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4152 To generate a DSA signature call the following function: |
|
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4153 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4154 \index{dsa\_sign\_hash()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4155 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4156 int dsa_sign_hash(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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4157 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4158 unsigned char *out, |
|
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4159 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
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|
4160 prng_state *prng, |
|
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4161 int wprng, |
|
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4162 dsa_key *key); |
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|
4163 \end{verbatim} |
|
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4164 |
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4165 Which will sign the data in \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} bytes. The signature is stored in \textit{out} and the size |
|
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4166 of the signature in \textit{outlen}. If the signature is longer than the size you initially specify in \textit{outlen} nothing |
|
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4167 is stored and the function returns an error code. The DSA \textit{key} must be of the \textbf{PK\_PRIVATE} persuasion. |
|
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4168 |
|
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4169 \subsection{Signature Verification} |
|
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4170 To verify a hash created with that function use the following function: |
|
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4171 |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4172 \index{dsa\_verify\_hash()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4173 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
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|
4174 int dsa_verify_hash(const unsigned char *sig, |
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4175 unsigned long siglen, |
|
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4176 const unsigned char *hash, |
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4177 unsigned long inlen, |
|
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4178 int *stat, |
|
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4179 dsa_key *key); |
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4180 \end{verbatim} |
|
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4181 Which will verify the data in \textit{hash} of length \textit{inlen} against the signature stored in \textit{sig} of length \textit{siglen}. |
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4182 It will set \textit{stat} to $1$ if the signature is valid, otherwise it sets \textit{stat} to $0$. |
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4183 |
|
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4184 \mysection{DSA Encrypt and Decrypt} |
|
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4185 As of version 1.07, the DSA keys can be used to encrypt and decrypt small payloads. It works similar to the ECC encryption where |
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4186 a shared key is computed, and the hash of the shared key XOR'ed against the plaintext forms the ciphertext. The format used is functional port of |
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4187 the ECC encryption format to the DSA algorithm. |
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4188 |
|
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4189 \subsection{DSA Encryption} |
|
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4190 This function will encrypt a small payload with a recipients public DSA key. |
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4191 |
|
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4192 \index{dsa\_encrypt\_key()} |
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4193 \begin{verbatim} |
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4194 int dsa_encrypt_key(const unsigned char *in, |
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4195 unsigned long inlen, |
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4196 unsigned char *out, |
|
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4197 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
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4198 prng_state *prng, |
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4199 int wprng, |
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4200 int hash, |
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4201 dsa_key *key); |
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4202 \end{verbatim} |
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4203 |
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4204 This will encrypt the payload in \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} and store the ciphertext in the output buffer \textit{out}. The |
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4205 length of the ciphertext \textit{outlen} must be originally set to the length of the output buffer. The DSA \textit{key} can be |
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4206 a public key. |
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4207 |
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4208 \subsection{DSA Decryption} |
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4209 |
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4210 \index{dsa\_decrypt\_key()} |
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4211 \begin{verbatim} |
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4212 int dsa_decrypt_key(const unsigned char *in, |
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4213 unsigned long inlen, |
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4214 unsigned char *out, |
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4215 unsigned long *outlen, |
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4216 dsa_key *key); |
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4217 \end{verbatim} |
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4218 This will decrypt the ciphertext \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen}, and store the original payload in \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen}. |
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4219 The DSA \textit{key} must be a private key. |
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4220 |
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4221 \mysection{DSA Key Import and Export} |
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4222 |
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4223 \subsection{DSA Key Export} |
|
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4224 To export a DSA key so that it can be transported use the following function: |
|
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4225 \index{dsa\_export()} |
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4226 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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4227 int dsa_export(unsigned char *out, |
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4228 unsigned long *outlen, |
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4229 int type, |
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4230 dsa_key *key); |
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4231 \end{verbatim} |
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4232 This will export the DSA \textit{key} to the buffer \textit{out} and set the length in \textit{outlen} (which must have been previously |
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4233 initialized to the maximum buffer size). The \textit{type} variable may be either \textbf{PK\_PRIVATE} or \textbf{PK\_PUBLIC} |
|
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4234 depending on whether you want to export a private or public copy of the DSA key. |
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4235 |
|
382
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4236 \subsection{DSA Key Import} |
|
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4237 To import an exported DSA key use the following function |
|
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4238 : |
|
285
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4239 \index{dsa\_import()} |
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4240 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
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4241 int dsa_import(const unsigned char *in, |
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4242 unsigned long inlen, |
|
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4243 dsa_key *key); |
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|
4244 \end{verbatim} |
|
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4245 |
|
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4246 This will import the DSA key from the buffer \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} to the \textit{key}. If the process fails the function |
|
285
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4247 will automatically free all of the heap allocated in the process (you don't have to call dsa\_free()). |
|
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4248 |
|
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|
4249 \chapter{Standards Support} |
|
382
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4250 \mysection{ASN.1 Formats} |
|
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4251 LibTomCrypt supports a variety of ASN.1 data types encoded with the Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) suitable for various cryptographic protocols. The data types |
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4252 are all provided with three basic functions with \textit{similar} prototypes. One function has been dedicated to calculate the length in octets of a given |
|
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4253 format, and two functions have been dedicated to encoding and decoding the format. |
|
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4254 |
|
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4255 On top of the basic data types are the SEQUENCE and SET data types which are collections of other ASN.1 types. They are provided |
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4256 in the same manner as the other data types except they use list of objects known as the \textbf{ltc\_asn1\_list} structure. It is defined as the following: |
|
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4257 |
|
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|
4258 \index{ltc\_asn1\_list structure} |
|
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|
4259 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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4260 typedef struct { |
|
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4261 int type; |
|
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4262 void *data; |
|
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4263 unsigned long size; |
|
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4264 int used; |
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4265 struct ltc_asn1_list_ *prev, *next, |
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4266 *child, *parent; |
|
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|
4267 } ltc_asn1_list; |
|
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|
4268 \end{verbatim} |
|
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4269 |
|
382
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4270 \index{LTC\_SET\_ASN1 macro} |
|
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|
4271 The \textit{type} field is one of the following ASN.1 field definitions. The \textit{data} pointer is a void pointer to the data to be encoded (or the destination) and the |
|
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|
4272 \textit{size} field is specific to what you are encoding (e.g. number of bits in the BIT STRING data type). The \textit{used} field is primarily for the CHOICE decoder |
|
285
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parents:
diff
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|
4273 and reflects if the particular member of a list was the decoded data type. To help build the lists in an orderly fashion the macro |
|
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|
4274 \textit{LTC\_SET\_ASN1(list, index, Type, Data, Size)} has been provided. |
|
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|
4275 |
|
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|
4276 It will assign to the \textit{index}th position in the \textit{list} the triplet (Type, Data, Size). An example usage would be: |
|
285
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|
4277 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4278 \begin{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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diff
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|
4279 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4280 ... |
|
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|
4281 ltc_asn1_list sequence[3]; |
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|
4282 unsigned long three=3; |
|
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4283 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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4284 LTC_SET_ASN1(sequence, 0, LTC_ASN1_IA5_STRING, "hello", 5); |
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|
4285 LTC_SET_ASN1(sequence, 1, LTC_ASN1_SHORT_INTEGER, &three, 1); |
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|
4286 LTC_SET_ASN1(sequence, 2, LTC_ASN1_NULL, NULL, 0); |
|
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|
4287 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
4288 \end{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4289 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4290 The macro is relatively safe with respect to modifying variables, for instance the following code is equivalent. |
|
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4291 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4292 \begin{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4293 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4294 ... |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4295 ltc_asn1_list sequence[3]; |
|
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|
4296 unsigned long three=3; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4297 int x=0; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4298 LTC_SET_ASN1(sequence, x++, LTC_ASN1_IA5_STRING, "hello", 5); |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4299 LTC_SET_ASN1(sequence, x++, LTC_ASN1_SHORT_INTEGER, &three, 1); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4300 LTC_SET_ASN1(sequence, x++, LTC_ASN1_NULL, NULL, 0); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4301 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4302 \end{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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changeset
|
4303 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4304 \begin{figure}[here] |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4305 \begin{center} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4306 \begin{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4307 \begin{tabular}{|l|l|} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4308 \hline \textbf{Definition} & \textbf{ASN.1 Type} \\ |
|
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|
4309 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_EOL & End of a ASN.1 list structure. \\ |
|
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|
4310 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_BOOLEAN & BOOLEAN type \\ |
|
285
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parents:
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|
4311 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_INTEGER & INTEGER (uses mp\_int) \\ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4312 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_SHORT\_INTEGER & INTEGER (32--bit using unsigned long) \\ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4313 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_BIT\_STRING & BIT STRING (one bit per char) \\ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4314 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_OCTET\_STRING & OCTET STRING (one octet per char) \\ |
|
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|
4315 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_NULL & NULL \\ |
|
382
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|
4316 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_OBJECT\_IDENTIFIER & OBJECT IDENTIFIER \\ |
|
285
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|
4317 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_IA5\_STRING & IA5 STRING (one octet per char) \\ |
|
382
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|
4318 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_UTF8\_STRING & UTF8 STRING (one wchar\_t per char) \\ |
|
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diff
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|
4319 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_PRINTABLE\_STRING & PRINTABLE STRING (one octet per char) \\ |
|
285
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parents:
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|
4320 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_UTCTIME & UTCTIME (see ltc\_utctime structure) \\ |
|
382
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diff
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|
4321 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_SEQUENCE & SEQUENCE (and SEQUENCE OF) \\ |
|
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diff
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|
4322 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_SET & SET \\ |
|
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|
4323 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_SETOF & SET OF \\ |
|
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
4324 \hline LTC\_ASN1\_CHOICE & CHOICE \\ |
|
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|
4325 \hline |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4326 \end{tabular} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4327 \caption{List of ASN.1 Supported Types} |
|
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|
4328 \end{small} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
4329 \end{center} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4330 \end{figure} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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changeset
|
4331 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
4332 \subsection{SEQUENCE Type} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4333 The SEQUENCE data type is a collection of other ASN.1 data types encapsulated with a small header which is a useful way of sending multiple data types in one packet. |
|
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|
4334 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4335 \subsubsection{SEQUENCE Encoding} |
|
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|
4336 To encode a sequence a \textbf{ltc\_asn1\_list} array must be initialized with the members of the sequence and their respective pointers. The encoding is performed |
|
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|
4337 with the following function. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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changeset
|
4338 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4339 \index{der\_encode\_sequence()} |
|
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|
4340 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
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|
4341 int der_encode_sequence(ltc_asn1_list *list, |
|
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|
4342 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4343 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4344 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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4345 \end{verbatim} |
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4346 This encodes a sequence of items pointed to by \textit{list} where the list has \textit{inlen} items in it. The SEQUENCE will be encoded to \textit{out} and of length \textit{outlen}. The |
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4347 function will terminate when it reads all the items out of the list (upto \textit{inlen}) or it encounters an item in the list with a type of \textbf{LTC\_ASN1\_EOL}. |
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4348 |
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4349 The \textit{data} pointer in the list would be the same pointer you would pass to the respective ASN.1 encoder (e.g. der\_encode\_bit\_string()) and it is simply passed on |
|
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4350 verbatim to the dependent encoder. The list can contain other SEQUENCE or SET types which enables you to have nested SEQUENCE and SET definitions. In these cases |
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4351 the \textit{data} pointer is simply a pointer to another \textbf{ltc\_asn1\_list}. |
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4352 |
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4353 \subsubsection{SEQUENCE Decoding} |
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4354 |
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4355 \index{der\_decode\_sequence()} |
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4356 |
|
382
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4357 Decoding a SEQUENCE is similar to encoding. You set up an array of \textbf{ltc\_asn1\_list} where in this case the \textit{size} member is the maximum size |
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4358 (in certain cases). For types such as IA5 STRING, BIT STRING, OCTET STRING (etc) the \textit{size} field is updated after successful decoding to reflect how many |
|
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4359 units of the respective type has been loaded. |
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4360 |
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4361 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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4362 int der_decode_sequence(const unsigned char *in, |
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4363 unsigned long inlen, |
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4364 ltc_asn1_list *list, |
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4365 unsigned long outlen); |
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4366 \end{verbatim} |
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4367 |
|
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4368 This will decode upto \textit{outlen} items from the input buffer \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} octets. The function will stop (gracefully) when it runs out of items to decode. |
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4369 It will fail (for among other reasons) when it runs out of input bytes to read, a data type is invalid or a heap failure occurred. |
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4370 |
|
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4371 For the following types the \textit{size} field will be updated to reflect the number of units read of the given type. |
|
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4372 \begin{enumerate} |
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4373 \item BIT STRING |
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4374 \item OCTET STRING |
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4375 \item OBJECT IDENTIFIER |
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4376 \item IA5 STRING |
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4377 \item PRINTABLE STRING |
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4378 \end{enumerate} |
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4379 |
|
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4380 \subsubsection{SEQUENCE Length} |
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4381 |
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4382 The length of a SEQUENCE can be determined with the following function. |
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4383 |
|
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4384 \index{der\_length\_sequence()} |
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4385 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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4386 int der_length_sequence(ltc_asn1_list *list, |
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4387 unsigned long inlen, |
|
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4388 unsigned long *outlen); |
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4389 \end{verbatim} |
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4390 |
|
382
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4391 This will get the encoding size for the given \textit{list} of length \textit{inlen} and store it in \textit{outlen}. |
|
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4392 |
|
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4393 \subsubsection{SEQUENCE Multiple Argument Lists} |
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4394 |
|
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4395 For small or simple sequences an encoding or decoding can be performed with one of the following two functions. |
|
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4396 |
|
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4397 \index{der\_encode\_sequence\_multi()} |
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|
4398 \index{der\_decode\_sequence\_multi()} |
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4399 |
|
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4400 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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4401 int der_encode_sequence_multi(unsigned char *out, |
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4402 unsigned long *outlen, ...); |
|
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4403 |
|
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4404 int der_decode_sequence_multi(const unsigned char *in, |
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4405 unsigned long inlen, ...); |
|
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|
4406 \end{verbatim} |
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4407 |
|
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4408 These either encode or decode (respectively) a SEQUENCE data type where the items in the sequence are specified after the length parameter. |
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4409 |
|
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4410 The list of items are specified as a triple of the form \textit{(type, size, data)} where \textit{type} is an \textbf{int}, \textit{size} is a \textbf{unsigned long} |
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4411 and \textit{data} is \textbf{void} pointer. The list of items must be terminated with an item with the type \textbf{LTC\_ASN1\_EOL}. |
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4412 |
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4413 It is ideal that you cast the \textit{size} values to unsigned long to ensure that the proper data type is passed to the function. Constants such as \textit{1} without |
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4414 a cast or prototype are of type \textbf{int} by default. Appending \textit{UL} or pre-pending \textit{(unsigned long)} is enough to cast it to the correct type. |
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4415 |
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4416 \begin{small} |
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4417 \begin{verbatim} |
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4418 unsigned char buf[MAXBUFSIZE]; |
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4419 unsigned long buflen; |
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4420 int err; |
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4421 |
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4422 buflen = sizeof(buf); |
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4423 if ((err = |
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4424 der_encode_sequence_multi(buf, &buflen, |
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4425 LTC_ASN1_IA5_STRING, 5UL, "Hello", |
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4426 LTC_ASN1_IA5_STRING, 7UL, " World!", |
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4427 LTC_ASN1_EOL, 0UL, NULL)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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4428 // error handling |
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4429 } |
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4430 \end{verbatim} |
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4431 \end{small} |
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4432 |
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4433 This example encodes a SEQUENCE with two IA5 STRING types containing ``Hello'' and `` World!'' respectively. Note the usage of the \textbf{UL} modifier |
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4434 on the size parameters. This forces the compiler to pass the numbers as the required \textbf{unsigned long} type that the function expects. |
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4435 |
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4436 \subsection{SET and SET OF} |
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4437 |
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4438 \index{SET} \index{SET OF} |
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4439 SET and SET OF are related to the SEQUENCE type in that they can be pretty much be decoded with the same code. However, they are different, and they should |
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4440 be carefully noted. The SET type is an unordered array of ASN.1 types sorted by the TAG (type identifier), whereas the SET OF type is an ordered array of |
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4441 a \textbf{single} ASN.1 object sorted in ascending order by the DER their respective encodings. |
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4442 |
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4443 \subsubsection{SET Encoding} |
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4444 |
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4445 SETs use the same array structure of ltc\_asn1\_list that the SEQUENCE functions use. They are encoded with the following function: |
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4446 |
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4447 \index{der\_encode\_set()} |
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4448 \begin{verbatim} |
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4449 int der_encode_set(ltc_asn1_list *list, |
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4450 unsigned long inlen, |
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4451 unsigned char *out, |
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4452 unsigned long *outlen); |
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4453 \end{verbatim} |
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4454 |
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4455 This will encode the list of ASN.1 objects in \textit{list} of length \textit{inlen} objects, and store the output in \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen} bytes. |
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4456 The function will make a copy of the list provided, and sort it by the TAG. Objects with identical TAGs are additionally sorted on their original placement in the |
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4457 array (to make the process deterministic). |
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4458 |
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4459 This function will \textbf{NOT} recognize \textit{DEFAULT} objects, and it is the responsibility of the caller to remove them as required. |
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4460 |
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4461 \subsubsection{SET Decoding} |
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4462 |
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4463 The SET type can be decoded with the following function. |
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4464 |
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4465 \index{der\_decode\_set()} |
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4466 \begin{verbatim} |
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4467 int der_decode_set(const unsigned char *in, |
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4468 unsigned long inlen, |
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4469 ltc_asn1_list *list, |
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4470 unsigned long outlen); |
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4471 \end{verbatim} |
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4472 |
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4473 This will decode the SET specified by \textit{list} of length \textit{outlen} objects from the input buffer \textit{in} of length \textit{inlen} octets. |
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4474 |
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4475 It handles the fact that SETs are not strictly ordered and will make multiple passes (as required) through the list to decode all the objects. |
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4476 |
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4477 \subsubsection{SET Length} |
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4478 The length of a SET can be determined by calling der\_length\_sequence() since they have the same encoding length. |
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4479 |
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4480 \subsubsection{SET OF Encoding} |
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4481 A \textit{SET OF} object is an array of identical objects (e.g. OCTET STRING) sorted in ascending order by the DER encoding of the object. They are |
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4482 used to store objects deterministically based solely on their encoding. It uses the same array structure of ltc\_asn1\_list that the SEQUENCE functions |
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4483 use. They are encoded with the following function. |
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4484 |
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4485 \index{der\_encode\_setof()} |
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4486 \begin{verbatim} |
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4487 int der_encode_setof(ltc_asn1_list *list, |
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4488 unsigned long inlen, |
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4489 unsigned char *out, |
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4490 unsigned long *outlen); |
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4491 \end{verbatim} |
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4492 |
|
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|
4493 This will encode a \textit{SET OF} containing the \textit{list} of \textit{inlen} ASN.1 objects and store the encoding in the output buffer \textit{out} of length \textit{outlen}. |
|
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4494 |
|
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|
4495 The routine will first encode the SET OF in an unordered fashion (in a temporary buffer) then sort using the XQSORT macro and copy back to the output buffer. This |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4496 means you need at least enough memory to keep an additional copy of the output on the heap. |
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4497 |
|
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4498 \subsubsection{SET OF Decoding} |
|
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4499 Since the decoding of a \textit{SET OF} object is unambiguous it can be decoded with der\_decode\_sequence(). |
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4500 |
|
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|
4501 \subsubsection{SET OF Length} |
|
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4502 Like the SET type the der\_length\_sequence() function can be used to determine the length of a \textit{SET OF} object. |
|
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4503 |
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4504 \subsection{ASN.1 INTEGER} |
|
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4505 |
|
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|
4506 To encode or decode INTEGER data types use the following functions. |
|
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4507 |
|
382
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4508 \index{der\_encode\_integer()}\index{der\_decode\_integer()}\index{der\_length\_integer()} |
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|
4509 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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4510 int der_encode_integer( void *num, |
|
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|
4511 unsigned char *out, |
|
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|
4512 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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4513 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4514 int der_decode_integer(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
4515 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4516 void *num); |
|
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4517 |
|
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|
4518 int der_length_integer( void *num, |
|
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|
4519 unsigned long *len); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4520 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4521 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4522 These will encode or decode a signed INTEGER data type using the bignum data type to store the large INTEGER. To encode smaller values without allocating |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4523 a bignum to store the value, the \textit{short} INTEGER functions were made available. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4524 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4525 \index{der\_encode\_short\_integer()}\index{der\_decode\_short\_integer()}\index{der\_length\_short\_integer()} |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4526 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4527 int der_encode_short_integer(unsigned long num, |
|
382
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|
4528 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4529 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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|
4530 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4531 int der_decode_short_integer(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
4532 unsigned long inlen, |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
4533 unsigned long *num); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4534 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4535 int der_length_short_integer(unsigned long num, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4536 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4537 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4538 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4539 These will encode or decode an unsigned \textbf{unsigned long} type (only reads upto 32--bits). For values in the range $0 \dots 2^{32} - 1$ the integer |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4540 and short integer functions can encode and decode each others outputs. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4541 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4542 \subsection{ASN.1 BIT STRING} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4543 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4544 \index{der\_encode\_bit\_string()}\index{der\_decode\_bit\_string()}\index{der\_length\_bit\_string()} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4545 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4546 int der_encode_bit_string(const unsigned char *in, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4547 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4548 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4549 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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|
4550 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4551 int der_decode_bit_string(const unsigned char *in, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4552 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4553 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4554 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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|
4555 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4556 int der_length_bit_string(unsigned long nbits, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4557 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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|
4558 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
4559 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4560 These will encode or decode a BIT STRING data type. The bits are passed in (or read out) using one \textbf{char} per bit. A non--zero value will be interpreted |
|
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|
4561 as a one bit, and a zero value a zero bit. |
|
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|
4562 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4563 \subsection{ASN.1 OCTET STRING} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4564 |
|
382
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|
4565 \index{der\_encode\_octet\_string()}\index{der\_decode\_octet\_string()}\index{der\_length\_octet\_string()} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4566 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4567 int der_encode_octet_string(const unsigned char *in, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4568 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4569 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4570 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4571 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4572 int der_decode_octet_string(const unsigned char *in, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4573 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4574 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4575 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4576 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4577 int der_length_octet_string(unsigned long noctets, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4578 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4579 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4580 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4581 These will encode or decode an OCTET STRING data type. The octets are stored using one \textbf{unsigned char} each. |
|
285
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4582 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4583 \subsection{ASN.1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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4584 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4585 \index{der\_encode\_object\_identifier()}\index{der\_decode\_object\_identifier()}\index{der\_length\_object\_identifier()} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4586 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4587 int der_encode_object_identifier(unsigned long *words, |
|
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|
4588 unsigned long nwords, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4589 unsigned char *out, |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4590 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
382
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|
4591 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4592 int der_decode_object_identifier(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
4593 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4594 unsigned long *words, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4595 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4596 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4597 int der_length_object_identifier(unsigned long *words, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4598 unsigned long nwords, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4599 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4600 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4601 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4602 These will encode or decode an OBJECT IDENTIFIER object. The words of the OID are stored in individual \textbf{unsigned long} elements, and must be in the range |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4603 $0 \ldots 2^{32} - 1$. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4604 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4605 \subsection{ASN.1 IA5 STRING} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4606 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4607 \index{der\_encode\_ia5\_string()}\index{der\_decode\_ia5\_string()}\index{der\_length\_ia5\_string()} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4608 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4609 int der_encode_ia5_string(const unsigned char *in, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4610 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4611 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4612 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4613 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4614 int der_decode_ia5_string(const unsigned char *in, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4615 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4616 unsigned char *out, |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4617 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4618 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4619 int der_length_ia5_string(const unsigned char *octets, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4620 unsigned long noctets, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4621 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4622 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4623 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4624 These will encode or decode an IA5 STRING. The characters are read or stored in individual \textbf{char} elements. These functions performs internal character |
|
285
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|
4625 to numerical conversions based on the conventions of the compiler being used. For instance, on an x86\_32 machine 'A' == 65 but the same may not be true on |
|
382
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4626 say a SPARC machine. Internally, these functions have a table of literal characters and their numerical ASCII values. This provides a stable conversion provided |
|
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|
4627 that the build platform honours the run--time platforms character conventions. |
|
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|
4628 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4629 \subsection{ASN.1 PRINTABLE STRING} |
|
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|
4630 |
|
382
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4631 \index{der\_encode\_printable\_string()}\index{der\_decode\_printable\_string()}\index{der\_length\_printable\_string()} |
|
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|
4632 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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|
4633 int der_encode_printable_string(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
4634 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4635 unsigned char *out, |
|
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|
4636 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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|
4637 |
|
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|
4638 int der_decode_printable_string(const unsigned char *in, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4639 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4640 unsigned char *out, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4641 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4642 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4643 int der_length_printable_string(const unsigned char *octets, |
|
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|
4644 unsigned long noctets, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4645 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4646 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4647 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4648 These will encode or decode an PRINTABLE STRING. The characters are read or stored in individual \textbf{char} elements. These functions performs internal character |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
4649 to numerical conversions based on the conventions of the compiler being used. For instance, on an x86\_32 machine 'A' == 65 but the same may not be true on |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4650 say a SPARC machine. Internally, these functions have a table of literal characters and their numerical ASCII values. This provides a stable conversion provided |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4651 that the build platform honours the run-time platforms character conventions. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4652 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4653 \subsection{ASN.1 UTF8 STRING} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4654 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4655 \index{der\_encode\_utf8\_string()}\index{der\_decode\_utf8\_string()}\index{der\_length\_utf8\_string()} |
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0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4656 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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4657 int der_encode_utf8_string(const wchar_t *in, |
|
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4658 unsigned long inlen, |
|
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4659 unsigned char *out, |
|
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|
4660 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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|
4661 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4662 int der_decode_utf8_string(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
4663 unsigned long inlen, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4664 wchar_t *out, |
|
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|
4665 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4666 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4667 int der_length_utf8_string(const wchar_t *octets, |
|
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|
4668 unsigned long noctets, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4669 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4670 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4671 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4672 These will encode or decode an UTF8 STRING. The characters are read or stored in individual \textbf{wchar\_t} elements. These function performs no internal |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
4673 mapping and treat the characters as literals. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4674 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4675 These functions use the \textbf{wchar\_t} type which is not universally available. In those cases, the library will typedef it to \textbf{unsigned long}. If you |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4676 intend to use the ISO C functions for working with wide--char arrays, you should make sure that wchar\_t has been defined previously. |
|
285
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|
4677 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4678 \subsection{ASN.1 UTCTIME} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4679 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4680 The UTCTIME type is to store a date and time in ASN.1 format. It uses the following structure to organize the time. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4681 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4682 \index{ltc\_utctime structure} |
|
285
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|
4683 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4684 typedef struct { |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4685 unsigned YY, /* year 00--99 */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4686 MM, /* month 01--12 */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
4687 DD, /* day 01--31 */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4688 hh, /* hour 00--23 */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
4689 mm, /* minute 00--59 */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4690 ss, /* second 00--59 */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4691 off_dir, /* timezone offset direction 0 == +, 1 == - */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
4692 off_hh, /* timezone offset hours */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4693 off_mm; /* timezone offset minutes */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4694 } ltc_utctime; |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4695 \end{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
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|
4696 |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4697 The time can be offset plus or minus a set amount of hours (off\_hh) and minutes (off\_mm). When \textit{off\_dir} is zero, the time will be added otherwise it |
|
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|
4698 will be subtracted. For instance, the array $\lbrace 5, 6, 20, 22, 4, 00, 0, 5, 0 \rbrace$ represents the current time of |
|
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|
4699 \textit{2005, June 20th, 22:04:00} with a time offset of +05h00. |
|
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|
4700 |
|
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|
4701 \index{der\_encode\_utctime()}\index{der\_decode\_utctime()}\index{der\_length\_utctime()} |
|
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|
4702 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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|
4703 int der_encode_utctime( ltc_utctime *utctime, |
|
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|
4704 unsigned char *out, |
|
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|
4705 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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|
4706 |
|
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|
4707 int der_decode_utctime(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
4708 unsigned long *inlen, |
|
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|
4709 ltc_utctime *out); |
|
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|
4710 |
|
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|
4711 int der_length_utctime( ltc_utctime *utctime, |
|
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|
4712 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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4713 \end{verbatim} |
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4714 |
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4715 The encoder will store time in one of the two ASN.1 formats, either \textit{YYMMDDhhmmssZ} or \textit{YYMMDDhhmmss$\pm$hhmm}, and perform minimal error checking on the |
|
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4716 input. The decoder will read all valid ASN.1 formats and perform range checking on the values (not complete but rational) useful for catching packet errors. |
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4717 |
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4718 It is suggested that decoded data be further scrutinized (e.g. days of month in particular). |
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4719 |
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4720 \subsection{ASN.1 CHOICE} |
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4721 |
|
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4722 The CHOICE ASN.1 type represents a union of ASN.1 types all of which are stored in a \textit{ltc\_asn1\_list}. There is no encoder for the CHOICE type, only a |
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4723 decoder. The decoder will scan through the provided list attempting to use the appropriate decoder on the input packet. The list can contain any ASN.1 data |
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4724 type\footnote{Except it cannot have LTC\_ASN1\_INTEGER and LTC\_ASN1\_SHORT\_INTEGER simultaneously.} except for other CHOICE types. |
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4725 |
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4726 There is no encoder for the CHOICE type as the actual DER encoding is the encoding of the chosen type. |
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4727 |
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4728 \index{der\_decode\_choice()} |
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4729 \begin{verbatim} |
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4730 int der_decode_choice(const unsigned char *in, |
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4731 unsigned long *inlen, |
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4732 ltc_asn1_list *list, |
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4733 unsigned long outlen); |
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4734 \end{verbatim} |
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4735 |
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4736 This will decode the input in the \textit{in} field of length \textit{inlen}. It uses the provided ASN.1 list specified in the \textit{list} field which has |
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4737 \textit{outlen} elements. The \textit{inlen} field will be updated with the length of the decoded data type, as well as the respective entry in the \textit{list} field |
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4738 will have the \textit{used} flag set to non--zero to reflect it was the data type decoded. |
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4739 |
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4740 \subsection{ASN.1 Flexi Decoder} |
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4741 The ASN.1 \textit{flexi} decoder allows the developer to decode arbitrary ASN.1 DER packets (provided they use data types LibTomCrypt supports) without first knowing |
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4742 the structure of the data. Where der\_decode \_sequence() requires the developer to specify the data types to decode in advance the flexi decoder is entirely |
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4743 free form. |
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4744 |
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4745 The flexi decoder uses the same \textit{ltc\_asn1\_list} but instead of being stored in an array it uses the linked list pointers \textit{prev}, \textit{next}, \textit{parent} |
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4746 and \textit{child}. The list works as a \textit{doubly-linked list} structure where decoded items at the same level are siblings (using next and prev) and items |
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4747 encoded in a SEQUENCE are stored as a child element. |
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4748 |
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4749 When a SEQUENCE or SET has been encountered a SEQUENCE (or SET resp.) item will be added as a sibling (e.g. list.type == LTC\_ASN1\_SEQUENCE) and the child |
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4750 pointer points to a new list of items contained within the object. |
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4751 |
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4752 \index{der\_decode\_sequence\_flexi()} |
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4753 \begin{verbatim} |
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4754 int der_decode_sequence_flexi(const unsigned char *in, |
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4755 unsigned long *inlen, |
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4756 ltc_asn1_list **out); |
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4757 \end{verbatim} |
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4758 |
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4759 This will decode items in the \textit{in} buffer of max input length \textit{inlen} and store the newly created pointer to the list in \textit{out}. This function allocates |
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4760 all required memory for the decoding. It stores the number of octets read back into \textit{inlen}. |
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4761 |
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4762 The function will terminate when either it hits an invalid ASN.1 tag, or it reads \textit{inlen} octets. An early termination is a soft error, and returns |
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4763 normally. The decoded list \textit{out} will point to the very first element of the list (e.g. both parent and prev pointers will be \textbf{NULL}). |
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4764 |
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4765 An invalid decoding will terminate the process, and free the allocated memory automatically. |
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4766 |
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4767 \textbf{Note:} the list decoded by this function is \textbf{NOT} in the correct form for der\_encode\_sequence() to use directly. You will have to first |
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4768 have to convert the list by first storing all of the siblings in an array then storing all the children as sub-lists of a sequence using the \textit{.data} |
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4769 pointer. Currently no function in LibTomCrypt provides this ability. |
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4770 |
|
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4771 \subsubsection{Sample Decoding} |
|
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4772 Suppose we decode the following structure: |
|
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4773 \begin{small} |
|
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4774 \begin{verbatim} |
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4775 User ::= SEQUENCE { |
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4776 Name IA5 STRING |
|
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4777 LoginToken SEQUENCE { |
|
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4778 passwdHash OCTET STRING |
|
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|
4779 pubkey ECCPublicKey |
|
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4780 } |
|
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4781 LastOn UTCTIME |
|
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4782 } |
|
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4783 \end{verbatim} |
|
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4784 \end{small} |
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4785 \begin{flushleft}and we decoded it with the following code:\end{flushleft} |
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4786 |
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4787 \begin{small} |
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4788 \begin{verbatim} |
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4789 unsigned char inbuf[MAXSIZE]; |
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4790 unsigned long inbuflen; |
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4791 ltc_asn1_list *list; |
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4792 int err; |
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4793 |
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4794 /* somehow fill inbuf/inbuflen */ |
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4795 if ((err = der_decode_sequence_flexi(inbuf, inbuflen, &list)) != CRYPT_OK) { |
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4796 printf("Error decoding: %s\n", error_to_string(err)); |
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4797 exit(EXIT_FAILURE); |
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4798 } |
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4799 \end{verbatim} |
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4800 \end{small} |
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4801 |
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4802 At this point \textit{list} would point to the SEQUENCE identified by \textit{User}. It would have no sibblings (prev or next), and only a child node. Walking to the child |
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4803 node with the following code will bring us to the \textit{Name} portion of the SEQUENCE: |
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4804 \begin{small} |
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4805 \begin{verbatim} |
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4806 list = list->child; |
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4807 \end{verbatim} |
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4808 \end{small} |
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4809 Now \textit{list} points to the \textit{Name} member (with the tag IA5 STRING). The \textit{data}, \textit{size}, and \textit{type} members of \textit{list} should reflect |
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4810 that of an IA5 STRING. The sibbling will now be the \textit{LoginToken} SEQUENCE. The sibbling has a child node which points to the \textit{passwdHash} OCTET STRING. |
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4811 We can walk to this node with the following code: |
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4812 \begin{small} |
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4813 \begin{verbatim} |
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4814 /* list already pointing to 'Name' */ |
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4815 list = list->next->child; |
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4816 \end{verbatim} |
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4817 \end{small} |
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4818 At this point, \textit{list} will point to the \textit{passwdHash} member of the innermost SEQUENCE. This node has a sibbling, the \textit{pubkey} member of the SEQUENCE. |
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4819 The \textit{LastOn} member of the SEQUENCE is a sibbling of the LoginToken node, if we wanted to walk there we would have to go up and over via: |
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4820 \begin{small} |
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4821 \begin{verbatim} |
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4822 list = list->parent->next; |
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4823 \end{verbatim} |
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4824 \end{small} |
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4825 At this point, we are pointing to the last node of the list. Lists are terminated in all directions by a \textbf{NULL} pointer. All nodes are doubly linked so that you |
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4826 can walk up and down the nodes without keeping pointers lying around. |
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4827 |
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4828 |
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4829 |
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4830 |
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4831 |
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4832 \subsubsection{Free'ing a Flexi List} |
|
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4833 To free the list use the following function. |
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4834 |
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4835 \index{der\_sequence\_free()} |
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4836 \begin{verbatim} |
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4837 void der_sequence_free(ltc_asn1_list *in); |
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4838 \end{verbatim} |
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4839 |
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4840 This will free all of the memory allocated by der\_decode\_sequence\_flexi(). |
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4841 |
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4842 \mysection{Password Based Cryptography} |
|
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4843 \subsection{PKCS \#5} |
|
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4844 \index{PKCS \#5} |
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4845 In order to securely handle user passwords for the purposes of creating session keys and chaining IVs the PKCS \#5 was drafted. PKCS \#5 |
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4846 is made up of two algorithms, Algorithm One and Algorithm Two. Algorithm One is the older fairly limited algorithm which has been implemented |
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4847 for completeness. Algorithm Two is a bit more modern and more flexible to work with. |
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4848 |
|
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|
4849 \subsection{Algorithm One} |
|
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4850 Algorithm One accepts as input a password, an 8--byte salt, and an iteration counter. The iteration counter is meant to act as delay for |
|
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4851 people trying to brute force guess the password. The higher the iteration counter the longer the delay. This algorithm also requires a hash |
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|
4852 algorithm and produces an output no longer than the output of the hash. |
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4853 |
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4854 \index{pkcs\_5\_alg1()} |
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4855 \begin{alltt} |
|
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4856 int pkcs_5_alg1(const unsigned char *password, |
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4857 unsigned long password_len, |
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4858 const unsigned char *salt, |
|
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4859 int iteration_count, |
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4860 int hash_idx, |
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4861 unsigned char *out, |
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4862 unsigned long *outlen) |
|
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4863 \end{alltt} |
|
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4864 Where \textit{password} is the user's password. Since the algorithm allows binary passwords you must also specify the length in \textit{password\_len}. |
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4865 The \textit{salt} is a fixed size 8--byte array which should be random for each user and session. The \textit{iteration\_count} is the delay desired |
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4866 on the password. The \textit{hash\_idx} is the index of the hash you wish to use in the descriptor table. |
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4867 |
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4868 The output of length up to \textit{outlen} is stored in \textit{out}. If \textit{outlen} is initially larger than the size of the hash functions output |
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4869 it is set to the number of bytes stored. If it is smaller than not all of the hash output is stored in \textit{out}. |
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4870 |
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4871 \subsection{Algorithm Two} |
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4872 |
|
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4873 Algorithm Two is the recommended algorithm for this task. It allows variable length salts, and can produce outputs larger than the |
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4874 hash functions output. As such, it can easily be used to derive session keys for ciphers and MACs as well initial vectors as required |
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4875 from a single password and invocation of this algorithm. |
|
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4876 |
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4877 \index{pkcs\_5\_alg2()} |
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4878 \begin{alltt} |
|
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4879 int pkcs_5_alg2(const unsigned char *password, |
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4880 unsigned long password_len, |
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4881 const unsigned char *salt, |
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4882 unsigned long salt_len, |
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4883 int iteration_count, |
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4884 int hash_idx, |
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4885 unsigned char *out, |
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4886 unsigned long *outlen) |
|
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4887 \end{alltt} |
|
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4888 Where \textit{password} is the users password. Since the algorithm allows binary passwords you must also specify the length in \textit{password\_len}. |
|
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4889 The \textit{salt} is an array of size \textit{salt\_len}. It should be random for each user and session. The \textit{iteration\_count} is the delay desired |
|
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4890 on the password. The \textit{hash\_idx} is the index of the hash you wish to use in the descriptor table. The output of length up to |
|
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4891 \textit{outlen} is stored in \textit{out}. |
|
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4892 |
|
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|
4893 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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4894 /* demo to show how to make session state material |
|
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4895 * from a password */ |
|
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4896 #include <tomcrypt.h> |
|
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4897 int main(void) |
|
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4898 { |
|
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4899 unsigned char password[100], salt[100], |
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4900 cipher_key[16], cipher_iv[16], |
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|
4901 mac_key[16], outbuf[48]; |
|
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|
4902 int err, hash_idx; |
|
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|
4903 unsigned long outlen, password_len, salt_len; |
|
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4904 |
|
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|
4905 /* register hash and get it's idx .... */ |
|
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4906 |
|
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|
4907 /* get users password and make up a salt ... */ |
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4908 |
|
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|
4909 /* create the material (100 iterations in algorithm) */ |
|
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|
4910 outlen = sizeof(outbuf); |
|
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4911 if ((err = pkcs_5_alg2(password, password_len, salt, |
|
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4912 salt_len, 100, hash_idx, outbuf, |
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4913 &outlen)) |
|
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4914 != CRYPT_OK) { |
|
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|
4915 /* error handle */ |
|
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4916 } |
|
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4917 |
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4918 /* now extract it */ |
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4919 memcpy(cipher_key, outbuf, 16); |
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4920 memcpy(cipher_iv, outbuf+16, 16); |
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4921 memcpy(mac_key, outbuf+32, 16); |
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4922 |
|
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|
4923 /* use material (recall to store the salt in the output) */ |
|
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4924 } |
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4925 \end{verbatim} |
|
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4926 |
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4927 \chapter{Miscellaneous} |
|
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4928 \mysection{Base64 Encoding and Decoding} |
|
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4929 The library provides functions to encode and decode a RFC 1521 base--64 coding scheme. The characters used in the mappings are: |
|
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4930 \begin{verbatim} |
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4931 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/ |
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parents:
diff
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|
4932 \end{verbatim} |
|
382
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|
4933 Those characters are supported in the 7-bit ASCII map, which means they can be used for transport over |
|
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parents:
diff
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|
4934 common e-mail, usenet and HTTP mediums. The format of an encoded stream is just a literal sequence of ASCII characters |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4935 where a group of four represent 24-bits of input. The first four chars of the encoders output is the length of the |
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1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4936 original input. After the first four characters is the rest of the message. |
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1b9e69c058d2
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|
4937 |
|
382
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4938 Often, it is desirable to line wrap the output to fit nicely in an e-mail or usenet posting. The decoder allows you to |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4939 put any character (that is not in the above sequence) in between any character of the encoders output. You may not however, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4940 break up the first four characters. |
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1b9e69c058d2
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|
4941 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4942 To encode a binary string in base64 call: |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
4943 \index{base64\_encode()} \index{base64\_decode()} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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parents:
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|
4944 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
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4945 int base64_encode(const unsigned char *in, |
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4946 unsigned long len, |
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4947 unsigned char *out, |
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0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4948 unsigned long *outlen); |
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0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4949 \end{verbatim} |
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0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4950 Where \textit{in} is the binary string and \textit{out} is where the ASCII output is placed. You must set the value of \textit{outlen} prior |
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|
4951 to calling this function and it sets the length of the base64 output in \textit{outlen} when it is done. To decode a base64 |
|
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|
4952 string call: |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4953 \begin{verbatim} |
|
382
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|
4954 int base64_decode(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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4955 unsigned long len, |
|
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|
4956 unsigned char *out, |
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|
4957 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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|
4958 \end{verbatim} |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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4959 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4960 \mysection{Primality Testing} |
|
285
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diff
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|
4961 \index{Primality Testing} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4962 The library includes primality testing and random prime functions as well. The primality tester will perform the test in |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4963 two phases. First it will perform trial division by the first few primes. Second it will perform eight rounds of the |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4964 Rabin-Miller primality testing algorithm. If the candidate passes both phases it is declared prime otherwise it is declared |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4965 composite. No prime number will fail the two phases but composites can. Each round of the Rabin-Miller algorithm reduces |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4966 the probability of a pseudo-prime by $1 \over 4$ therefore after sixteen rounds the probability is no more than |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4967 $\left ( { 1 \over 4 } \right )^{8} = 2^{-16}$. In practice the probability of error is in fact much lower than that. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4968 |
|
382
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4969 When making random primes the trial division step is in fact an optimized implementation of \textit{Implementation of Fast RSA Key Generation on Smart Cards}\footnote{Chenghuai Lu, Andre L. M. dos Santos and Francisco R. Pimentel}. |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
4970 In essence a table of machine-word sized residues are kept of a candidate modulo a set of primes. When the candidate |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
4971 is rejected and ultimately incremented to test the next number the residues are updated without using multi-word precision |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4972 math operations. As a result the routine can scan ahead to the next number required for testing with very little work |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
4973 involved. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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diff
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|
4974 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4975 In the event that a composite did make it through it would most likely cause the the algorithm trying to use it to fail. For |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4976 instance, in RSA two primes $p$ and $q$ are required. The order of the multiplicative sub-group (modulo $pq$) is given |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
4977 as $\phi(pq)$ or $(p - 1)(q - 1)$. The decryption exponent $d$ is found as $de \equiv 1\mbox{ }(\mbox{mod } \phi(pq))$. If either $p$ or $q$ is composite the value of $d$ will be incorrect and the user |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4978 will not be able to sign or decrypt messages at all. Suppose $p$ was prime and $q$ was composite this is just a variation of |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4979 the multi-prime RSA. Suppose $q = rs$ for two primes $r$ and $s$ then $\phi(pq) = (p - 1)(r - 1)(s - 1)$ which clearly is |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
4980 not equal to $(p - 1)(rs - 1)$. |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4981 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
4982 These are not technically part of the LibTomMath library but this is the best place to document them. |
|
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|
4983 To test if a \textit{mp\_int} is prime call: |
|
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|
4984 \begin{verbatim} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
4985 int is_prime(mp_int *N, int *result); |
|
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|
4986 \end{verbatim} |
|
382
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4987 This puts a one in \textit{result} if the number is probably prime, otherwise it places a zero in it. It is assumed that if |
|
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|
4988 it returns an error that the value in \textit{result} is undefined. To make |
|
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|
4989 a random prime call: |
|
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|
4990 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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4991 int rand_prime( mp_int *N, |
|
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4992 unsigned long len, |
|
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|
4993 prng_state *prng, |
|
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|
4994 int wprng); |
|
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|
4995 \end{verbatim} |
|
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4996 Where \textit{len} is the size of the prime in bytes ($2 \le len \le 256$). You can set \textit{len} to the negative size you want |
|
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|
4997 to get a prime of the form $p \equiv 3\mbox{ }(\mbox{mod } 4)$. So if you want a 1024-bit prime of this sort pass |
|
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4998 \textit{len = -128} to the function. Upon success it will return {\bf CRYPT\_OK} and \textit{N} will contain an integer which |
|
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|
4999 is very likely prime. |
|
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|
5000 |
|
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|
5001 \chapter{Programming Guidelines} |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
5002 |
|
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5003 \mysection{Secure Pseudo Random Number Generators} |
|
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5004 Probably the single most vulnerable point of any cryptosystem is the PRNG. Without one, generating and protecting secrets |
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5005 would be impossible. The requirement that one be setup correctly is vitally important, and to address this point the library |
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5006 does provide two RNG sources that will address the largest amount of end users as possible. The \textit{sprng} PRNG provides an easy to |
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5007 access source of entropy for any application on a UNIX (and the like) or Windows computer. |
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5008 |
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5009 However, when the end user is not on one of these platforms, the application developer must address the issue of finding |
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5010 entropy. This manual is not designed to be a text on cryptography. I would just like to highlight that when you design |
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5011 a cryptosystem make sure the first problem you solve is getting a fresh source of entropy. |
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5012 |
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5013 \mysection{Preventing Trivial Errors} |
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5014 Two simple ways to prevent trivial errors is to prevent overflows, and to check the return values. All of the functions |
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5015 which output variable length strings will require you to pass the length of the destination. If the size of your output |
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5016 buffer is smaller than the output it will report an error. Therefore, make sure the size you pass is correct! |
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5017 |
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5018 Also, virtually all of the functions return an error code or {\bf CRYPT\_OK}. You should detect all errors, as simple |
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5019 typos can cause algorithms to fail to work as desired. |
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5020 |
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5021 \mysection{Registering Your Algorithms} |
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5022 To avoid linking and other run--time errors it is important to register the ciphers, hashes and PRNGs you intend to use |
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5023 before you try to use them. This includes any function which would use an algorithm indirectly through a descriptor table. |
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5024 |
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5025 A neat bonus to the registry system is that you can add external algorithms that are not part of the library without |
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5026 having to hack the library. For example, suppose you have a hardware specific PRNG on your system. You could easily |
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5027 write the few functions required plus a descriptor. After registering your PRNG, all of the library functions that |
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5028 need a PRNG can instantly take advantage of it. The same applies for ciphers, hashes, and bignum math routines. |
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5029 |
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5030 \mysection{Key Sizes} |
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5031 |
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5032 \subsection{Symmetric Ciphers} |
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5033 For symmetric ciphers, use as large as of a key as possible. For the most part \textit{bits are cheap} so using a 256--bit key |
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5034 is not a hard thing to do. As a good rule of thumb do not use a key smaller than 128 bits. |
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5035 |
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5036 \subsection{Asymmetric Ciphers} |
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5037 The following chart gives the work factor for solving a DH/RSA public key using the NFS. The work factor for a key of order |
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5038 $n$ is estimated to be |
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5039 \begin{equation} |
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5040 e^{1.923 \cdot ln(n)^{1 \over 3} \cdot ln(ln(n))^{2 \over 3}} |
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5041 \end{equation} |
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5042 |
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5043 Note that $n$ is not the bit-length but the magnitude. For example, for a 1024-bit key $n = 2^{1024}$. The work required |
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5044 is: |
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5045 \begin{figure}[here] |
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5046 \begin{center} |
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5047 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} |
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5048 \hline RSA/DH Key Size (bits) & Work Factor ($log_2$) \\ |
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5049 \hline 512 & 63.92 \\ |
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5050 \hline 768 & 76.50 \\ |
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5051 \hline 1024 & 86.76 \\ |
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5052 \hline 1536 & 103.37 \\ |
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5053 \hline 2048 & 116.88 \\ |
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5054 \hline 2560 & 128.47 \\ |
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5055 \hline 3072 & 138.73 \\ |
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5056 \hline 4096 & 156.49 \\ |
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5057 \hline |
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5058 \end{tabular} |
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5059 \end{center} |
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5060 \caption{RSA/DH Key Strength} |
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5061 \end{figure} |
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5062 |
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5063 The work factor for ECC keys is much higher since the best attack is still fully exponential. Given a key of magnitude |
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5064 $n$ it requires $\sqrt n$ work. The following table summarizes the work required: |
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5065 \begin{figure}[here] |
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5066 \begin{center} |
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5067 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} |
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5068 \hline ECC Key Size (bits) & Work Factor ($log_2$) \\ |
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5069 \hline 112 & 56 \\ |
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5070 \hline 128 & 64 \\ |
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5071 \hline 160 & 80 \\ |
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5072 \hline 192 & 96 \\ |
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5073 \hline 224 & 112 \\ |
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5074 \hline 256 & 128 \\ |
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5075 \hline 384 & 192 \\ |
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5076 \hline 521 & 260.5 \\ |
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5077 \hline |
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5078 \end{tabular} |
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5079 \end{center} |
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5080 \caption{ECC Key Strength} |
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5081 \end{figure} |
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5082 |
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5083 Using the above tables the following suggestions for key sizes seems appropriate: |
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5084 \begin{center} |
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5085 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} |
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5086 \hline Security Goal & RSA/DH Key Size (bits) & ECC Key Size (bits) \\ |
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5087 \hline Near term & 1024 & 160 \\ |
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5088 \hline Short term & 1536 & 192 \\ |
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5089 \hline Long Term & 2560 & 384 \\ |
|
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5090 \hline |
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5091 \end{tabular} |
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5092 \end{center} |
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5093 |
|
382
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5094 \mysection{Thread Safety} |
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5095 The library is not fully thread safe but several simple precautions can be taken to avoid any problems. The registry functions |
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5096 such as register\_cipher() are not thread safe no matter what you do. It is best to call them from your programs initialization |
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5097 code before threads are initiated. |
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5098 |
|
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5099 The rest of the code uses state variables you must pass it such as hash\_state, hmac\_state, etc. This means that if each |
|
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5100 thread has its own state variables then they will not affect each other, and are fully thread safe. This is fairly simple with symmetric ciphers |
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5101 and hashes. |
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5102 |
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5103 \index{LTC\_PTHREAD} |
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5104 The only sticky issue is a shared PRNG which can be alleviated with the careful use of mutex devices. Defining LTC\_PTHREAD for instance, enables |
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5105 pthreads based mutex locking in various routines such as the Yarrow and Fortuna PRNGs, the fixed point ECC multiplier, and other routines. |
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5106 |
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5107 \chapter{Configuring and Building the Library} |
|
382
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5108 \mysection{Introduction} |
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5109 The library is fairly flexible about how it can be built, used, and generally distributed. Additions are being made with |
|
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5110 each new release that will make the library even more flexible. Each of the classes of functions can be disabled during |
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5111 the build process to make a smaller library. This is particularly useful for shared libraries. |
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5112 |
|
382
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5113 As of v1.06 of the library, the build process has been moved to two steps for the typical LibTomCrypt application. This is because |
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5114 LibTomCrypt no longer provides a math API on its own and relies on third party libraries (such as LibTomMath, GnuMP, or TomsFastMath). |
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5115 |
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5116 The build process now consists of installing a math library first, and then building and installing LibTomCrypt with a math library |
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5117 configured. Note that LibTomCrypt can be built with no internal math descriptors. This means that one must be provided at either |
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5118 build, or run time for the application. LibTomCrypt comes with three math descriptors that provide a standard interface to math |
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5119 libraries. |
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5120 |
|
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5121 \mysection{Makefile variables} |
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5122 |
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5123 All GNU driven makefiles (including the makefile for ICC) use a set of common variables to control the build and install process. Most of the |
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5124 settings can be overwritten from the command line which makes custom installation a breeze. |
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5125 |
|
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5126 \index{MAKE}\index{CC}\index{AR} |
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5127 \subsection{MAKE, CC and AR} |
|
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5128 The MAKE, CC and AR flags can all be overwritten. They default to \textit{make}, \textit{\$CC} and \textit{\$AR} respectively. |
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5129 Changing MAKE allows you to change what program will be invoked to handle sub--directories. For example, this |
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5130 |
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5131 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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5132 MAKE=gmake gmake install |
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|
5133 \end{verbatim} |
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5134 |
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5135 \begin{flushleft} will build and install the libraries with the \textit{gmake} tool. Similarly, \end{flushleft} |
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5136 |
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5137 \begin{verbatim} |
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5138 CC=arm-gcc AR=arm-ar make |
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5139 \end{verbatim} |
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5140 |
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5141 \begin{flushleft} will build the library using \textit{arm--gcc} as the compiler and \textit{arm--ar} as the archiver. \end{flushleft} |
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5142 |
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5143 \subsection{IGNORE\_SPEED} |
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5144 \index{IGNORE\_SPEED} |
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5145 When \textbf{IGNORE\_SPEED} has been defined the default optimization flags for CFLAGS will be disabled which allows the developer to specify new |
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5146 CFLAGS on the command line. E.g. to add debugging |
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5147 |
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5148 \begin{verbatim} |
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5149 CFLAGS="-g3" make IGNORE_SPEED=1 |
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5150 \end{verbatim} |
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5151 |
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5152 This will turn off optimizations and add \textit{-g3} to the CFLAGS which enables debugging. |
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5153 |
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5154 \subsection{LIBNAME and LIBNAME\_S} |
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5155 \index{LIBNAME} \index{LIBNAME\_S} |
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5156 \textbf{LIBNAME} is the name of the output library (archive) to create. It defaults to \textit{libtomcrypt.a} for static builds and \textit{libtomcrypt.la} for |
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5157 shared. The \textbf{LIBNAME\_S} variable is the static name while doing shared builds. Ideally they should have the same prefix but don't have to. |
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5158 |
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5159 \index{LIBTEST} \index{LIBTEST\_S} |
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5160 Similarly \textbf{LIBTEST} and \textbf{LIBTEST\_S} are the names for the profiling and testing library. The default is \textit{libtomcrypt\_prof.a} for |
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5161 static and \textit{libtomcrypt\_prof.la} for shared. |
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5162 |
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5163 \subsection{Installation Directories} |
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5164 \index{DESTDIR} \index{LIBPATH} \index{INCPATH} \index{DATADIR} |
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5165 \textbf{DESTDIR} is the prefix for the installation directories. It defaults to an empty string. \textbf{LIBPATH} is the prefix for the library |
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5166 directory which defaults to \textit{/usr/lib}. \textbf{INCPATH} is the prefix for the header file directory which defaults to \textit{/usr/include}. |
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5167 \textbf{DATADIR} is the prefix for the data (documentation) directory which defaults to \textit{/usr/share/doc/libtomcrypt/pdf}. |
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5168 |
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5169 All four can be used to create custom install locations depending on the nature of the OS and file system in use. |
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5170 |
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5171 \begin{verbatim} |
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5172 make LIBPATH=/home/tom/project/lib INCPATH=/home/tom/project/include \ |
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5173 DATAPATH=/home/tom/project/docs install |
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5174 \end{verbatim} |
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5175 |
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5176 This will build the library and install it to the directories under \textit{/home/tom/project/}. e.g. |
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5177 |
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5178 \begin{small} |
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5179 \begin{verbatim} |
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5180 /home/tom/project/: |
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5181 total 1 |
|
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5182 drwxr-xr-x 2 tom users 80 Jul 30 16:02 docs |
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5183 drwxr-xr-x 2 tom users 528 Jul 30 16:02 include |
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5184 drwxr-xr-x 2 tom users 80 Jul 30 16:02 lib |
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5185 |
|
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5186 /home/tom/project/docs: |
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5187 total 452 |
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5188 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 459009 Jul 30 16:02 crypt.pdf |
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5189 |
|
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5190 /home/tom/project/include: |
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5191 total 132 |
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5192 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 2482 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt.h |
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5193 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 702 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_argchk.h |
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5194 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 2945 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_cfg.h |
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5195 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 22763 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_cipher.h |
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5196 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 5174 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_custom.h |
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5197 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 11314 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_hash.h |
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5198 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 11571 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_mac.h |
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5199 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 13614 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_macros.h |
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5200 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 14714 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_math.h |
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5201 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 632 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_misc.h |
|
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5202 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 10934 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_pk.h |
|
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5203 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 2634 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_pkcs.h |
|
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5204 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 7067 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_prng.h |
|
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5205 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 1467 Jul 30 16:02 tomcrypt_test.h |
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5206 |
|
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5207 /home/tom/project/lib: |
|
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5208 total 1073 |
|
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5209 -rwxr-xr-x 1 tom users 1096284 Jul 30 16:02 libtomcrypt.a |
|
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|
5210 \end{verbatim} |
|
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5211 \end{small} |
|
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5212 |
|
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5213 \mysection{Extra libraries} |
|
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5214 \index{EXTRALIBS} |
|
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5215 \textbf{EXTRALIBS} specifies any extra libraries required to link the test programs and shared libraries. They are specified in the notation |
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5216 that GCC expects for global archives. |
|
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5217 |
|
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5218 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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5219 CFLAGS="-DTFM_DESC -DUSE_TFM" EXTRALIBS=-ltfm make install \ |
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5220 test timing |
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5221 \end{verbatim} |
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5222 |
|
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5223 This will install the library using the TomsFastMath library and link the \textit{libtfm.a} library out of the default library search path. The two |
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5224 defines are explained below. You can specify multiple archives (say if you want to support two math libraries, or add on additional code) to |
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5225 the \textbf{EXTRALIBS} variable by separating them by a space. |
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5226 |
|
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5227 Note that \textbf{EXTRALIBS} is not required if you are only making and installing the static library but none of the test programs. |
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5228 |
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5229 \mysection{Building a Static Library} |
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5230 |
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5231 Building a static library is fairly trivial as it only requires one invocation of the GNU make command. |
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5232 |
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5233 \begin{verbatim} |
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5234 CFLAGS="-DTFM_DESC" make install |
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5235 \end{verbatim} |
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5236 |
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5237 That will build LibTomCrypt (including the TomsFastMath descriptor), and install it in the default locations indicated previously. You can enable |
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5238 the built--in LibTomMath descriptor as well (or in place of the TomsFastMath descriptor). Similarly, you can build the library with no built--in |
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5239 math descriptors. |
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5240 |
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5241 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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5242 make install |
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5243 \end{verbatim} |
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5244 |
|
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5245 In this case, no math descriptors are present in the library and they will have to be made available at build or run time before you can use any of the |
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5246 public key functions. |
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5247 |
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5248 Note that even if you include the built--in descriptors you must link against the source library as well. |
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5249 |
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5250 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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5251 gcc -DTFM_DESC myprogram.c -ltomcrypt -ltfm -o myprogram |
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5252 \end{verbatim} |
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5253 |
|
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5254 This will compile \textit{myprogram} and link it against the LibTomCrypt library as well as TomsFastMath (which must have been previously installed). Note that |
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5255 we define \textbf{TFM\_DESC} for compilation. This is so that the TFM descriptor symbol will be defined for the client application to make use of without |
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5256 giving warnings. |
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5257 |
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5258 \mysection{Building a Shared Library} |
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5259 |
|
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5260 LibTomCrypt can also be built as a shared library through the \textit{makefile.shared} make script. It is similar to use as the static script except |
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5261 that you \textbf{must} specify the \textbf{EXTRALIBS} variable at install time. |
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5262 |
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5263 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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5264 CFLAGS="-DTFM_DESC" EXTRALIBS=-ltfm make -f makefile.shared install |
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5265 \end{verbatim} |
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5266 |
|
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5267 This will build and install the library and link the shared object against the TomsFastMath library (which must be installed as a shared object as well). The |
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5268 shared build process requires libtool to be installed. |
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5269 |
|
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5270 \mysection{Header Configuration} |
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5271 The file \textit{tomcrypt\_cfg.h} is what lets you control various high level macros which control the behaviour of the library. Build options are also |
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5272 stored in \textit{tomcrypt\_custom.h} which allow the enabling and disabling of various algorithms. |
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5273 |
|
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|
5274 \subsubsection{ARGTYPE} |
|
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5275 This lets you control how the LTC\_ARGCHK macro will behave. The macro is used to check pointers inside the functions against |
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5276 NULL. There are four settings for ARGTYPE. When set to 0, it will have the default behaviour of printing a message to |
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5277 stderr and raising a SIGABRT signal. This is provided so all platforms that use LibTomCrypt can have an error that functions |
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5278 similarly. When set to 1, it will simply pass on to the assert() macro. When set to 2, the macro will display the error to |
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5279 stderr then return execution to the caller. This could lead to a segmentation fault (e.g. when a pointer is \textbf{NULL}) but is useful |
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5280 if you handle signals on your own. When set to 3, it will resolve to a empty macro and no error checking will be performed. Finally, when set |
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5281 to 4, it will return CRYPT\_INVALID\_ARG to the caller. |
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5282 |
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|
5283 \subsubsection{Endianess} |
|
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5284 There are five macros related to endianess issues. For little endian platforms define, \textbf{ENDIAN\_LITTLE}. For big endian |
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5285 platforms define \textbf{ENDIAN\_BIG}. Similarly when the default word size of an \textit{unsigned long} is 32-bits define \textbf{ENDIAN\_32BITWORD} |
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5286 or define \textbf{ENDIAN\_64BITWORD} when its 64-bits. If you do not define any of them the library will automatically use \textbf{ENDIAN\_NEUTRAL} |
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|
5287 which will work on all platforms. |
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5288 |
|
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5289 Currently LibTomCrypt will detect x86-32, x86-64, MIPS R5900, SPARC and SPARC64 running GCC as well as x86-32 running MSVC. |
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5290 |
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5291 \mysection{The Configure Script} |
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5292 There are also options you can specify from the \textit{tomcrypt\_custom.h} header file. |
|
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5293 |
|
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|
5294 \subsection{X memory routines} |
|
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5295 \index{XMALLOC}\index{XCALLOC}\index{XREALLOC}\index{XFREE} |
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5296 At the top of tomcrypt\_custom.h are a series of macros denoted as XMALLOC, XCALLOC, XREALLOC, XFREE, and so on. They resolve to |
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5297 the name of the respective functions from the standard C library by default. This lets you substitute in your own memory routines. |
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5298 If you substitute in your own functions they must behave like the standard C library functions in terms of what they expect as input and |
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5299 output. |
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5300 |
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5301 These macros are handy for working with platforms which do not have a standard C library. For instance, the OLPC\footnote{See http://dev.laptop.org/git?p=bios-crypto;a=summary} |
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5302 bios code uses these macros to redirect to very compact heap and string operations. |
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5303 |
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5304 \subsection{X clock routines} |
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5305 The rng\_get\_bytes() function can call a function that requires the clock() function. These macros let you override |
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5306 the default clock() used with a replacement. By default the standard C library clock() function is used. |
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5307 |
|
382
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5308 \subsection{LTC\_NO\_FILE} |
|
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5309 During the build if LTC\_NO\_FILE is defined then any function in the library that uses file I/O will not call the file I/O |
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5310 functions and instead simply return CRYPT\_NOP. This should help resolve any linker errors stemming from a lack of |
|
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5311 file I/O on embedded platforms. |
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5312 |
|
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5313 \subsection{LTC\_CLEAN\_STACK} |
|
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5314 When this functions is defined the functions that store key material on the stack will clean up afterwards. |
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5315 Assumes that you have no memory paging with the stack. |
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5316 |
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5317 \subsection{LTC\_TEST} |
|
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5318 When this has been defined the various self--test functions (for ciphers, hashes, prngs, etc) are included in the build. This is the default configuration. |
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5319 If LTC\_NO\_TEST has been defined, the testing routines will be compacted and only return CRYPT\_NOP. |
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5320 |
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5321 \subsection{LTC\_NO\_FAST} |
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5322 When this has been defined the library will not use faster word oriented operations. By default, they are only enabled for platforms |
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5323 which can be auto-detected. This macro ensures that they are never enabled. |
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5324 |
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5325 \subsection{LTC\_FAST} |
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5326 This mode (auto-detected with x86\_32,x86\_64 platforms with GCC or MSVC) configures various routines such as ctr\_encrypt() or |
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5327 cbc\_encrypt() that it can safely XOR multiple octets in one step by using a larger data type. This has the benefit of |
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5328 cutting down the overhead of the respective functions. |
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5329 |
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5330 This mode does have one downside. It can cause unaligned reads from memory if you are not careful with the functions. This is why |
|
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5331 it has been enabled by default only for the x86 class of processors where unaligned accesses are allowed. Technically LTC\_FAST |
|
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5332 is not \textit{portable} since unaligned accesses are not covered by the ISO C specifications. |
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5333 |
|
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|
5334 In practice however, you can use it on pretty much any platform (even MIPS) with care. |
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5335 |
|
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5336 By design the \textit{fast} mode functions won't get unaligned on their own. For instance, if you call ctr\_encrypt() right after calling |
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5337 ctr\_start() and all the inputs you gave are aligned than ctr\_encrypt() will perform aligned memory operations only. However, if you |
|
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5338 call ctr\_encrypt() with an odd amount of plaintext then call it again the CTR pad (the IV) will be partially used. This will |
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5339 cause the ctr routine to first use up the remaining pad bytes. Then if there are enough plaintext bytes left it will use |
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5340 whole word XOR operations. These operations will be unaligned. |
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5341 |
|
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5342 The simplest precaution is to make sure you process all data in power of two blocks and handle \textit{remainder} at the end. e.g. If you are |
|
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5343 CTR'ing a long stream process it in blocks of (say) four kilobytes and handle any remaining incomplete blocks at the end of the stream. |
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5344 |
|
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5345 \index{LTC\_FAST\_TYPE} |
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5346 If you do plan on using the \textit{LTC\_FAST} mode you have to also define a \textit{LTC\_FAST\_TYPE} macro which resolves to an optimal sized |
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5347 data type you can perform integer operations with. Ideally it should be four or eight bytes since it must properly divide the size |
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5348 of your block cipher (e.g. 16 bytes for AES). This means sadly if you're on a platform with 57--bit words (or something) you can't |
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5349 use this mode. So sad. |
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5350 |
|
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5351 \subsection{LTC\_NO\_ASM} |
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5352 When this has been defined the library will not use any inline assembler. Only a few platforms support assembler inlines but various versions of ICC and GCC |
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5353 cannot handle all of the assembler functions. |
|
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5354 |
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5355 \subsection{Symmetric Ciphers, One-way Hashes, PRNGS and Public Key Functions} |
|
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5356 There are a plethora of macros for the ciphers, hashes, PRNGs and public key functions which are fairly |
|
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5357 self-explanatory. When they are defined the functionality is included otherwise it is not. There are some |
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5358 dependency issues which are noted in the file. For instance, Yarrow requires CTR chaining mode, a block |
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5359 cipher and a hash function. |
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5360 |
|
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5361 Also see technical note number five for more details. |
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5362 |
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5363 \subsection{LTC\_EASY} |
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5364 When defined the library is configured to build fewer algorithms and modes. Mostly it sticks to NIST and ANSI approved algorithms. See |
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5365 the header file \textit{tomcrypt\_custom.h} for more details. It is meant to provide literally an easy method of trimming the library |
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5366 build to the most minimum of useful functionality. |
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5367 |
|
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5368 \subsection{TWOFISH\_SMALL and TWOFISH\_TABLES} |
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5369 Twofish is a 128-bit symmetric block cipher that is provided within the library. The cipher itself is flexible enough |
|
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5370 to allow some trade-offs in the implementation. When TWOFISH\_SMALL is defined the scheduled symmetric key for Twofish |
|
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5371 requires only 200 bytes of memory. This is achieved by not pre-computing the substitution boxes. Having this |
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5372 defined will also greatly slow down the cipher. When this macro is not defined Twofish will pre-compute the |
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5373 tables at a cost of 4KB of memory. The cipher will be much faster as a result. |
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5374 |
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5375 When TWOFISH\_TABLES is defined the cipher will use pre-computed (and fixed in code) tables required to work. This is |
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5376 useful when TWOFISH\_SMALL is defined as the table values are computed on the fly. When this is defined the code size |
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5377 will increase by approximately 500 bytes. If this is defined but TWOFISH\_SMALL is not the cipher will still work but |
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5378 it will not speed up the encryption or decryption functions. |
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5379 |
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5380 \subsection{GCM\_TABLES} |
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5381 When defined GCM will use a 64KB table (per GCM state) which will greatly speed up the per--packet latency. |
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5382 It also increases the initialization time and is not suitable when you are going to use a key a few times only. |
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5383 |
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5384 \subsection{GCM\_TABLES\_SSE2} |
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5385 \index{SSE2} |
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5386 When defined GCM will use the SSE2 instructions to perform the $GF(2^x)$ multiply using 16 128--bit XOR operations. It shaves a few cycles per byte |
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5387 of GCM output on both the AMD64 and Intel Pentium 4 platforms. Requires GCC and an SSE2 equipped platform. |
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5388 |
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5389 \subsection{LTC\_SMALL\_CODE} |
|
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5390 When this is defined some of the code such as the Rijndael and SAFER+ ciphers are replaced with smaller code variants. |
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5391 These variants are slower but can save quite a bit of code space. |
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5392 |
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5393 \subsection{LTC\_PTHREAD} |
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5394 When this is activated all of the descriptor table functions will use pthread locking to ensure thread safe updates to the tables. Note that |
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5395 it doesn't prevent a thread that is passively using a table from being messed up by another thread that updates the table. |
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5396 |
|
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5397 Generally the rule of thumb is to setup the tables once at startup and then leave them be. This added build flag simply makes updating |
|
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5398 the tables safer. |
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5399 |
|
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5400 \subsection{LTC\_ECC\_TIMING\_RESISTANT} |
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5401 When this has been defined the ECC point multiplier (built--in to the library) will use a timing resistant point multiplication |
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5402 algorithm which prevents leaking key bits of the private key (scalar). It is a slower algorithm but useful for situations |
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5403 where timing side channels pose a significant threat. |
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5404 |
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5405 \subsection{Math Descriptors} |
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5406 The library comes with three math descriptors that allow you to interface the public key cryptography API to freely available math |
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5407 libraries. When \textbf{GMP\_DESC}, \textbf{LTM\_DESC}, or \textbf{TFM\_DESC} are defined |
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5408 descriptors for the respective library are built and included in the library as \textit{gmp\_desc}, \textit{ltm\_desc}, or \textit{tfm\_desc} respectively. |
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5409 |
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5410 In the test demos that use the libraries the additional flags \textbf{USE\_GMP}, \textbf{USE\_LTM}, and \textbf{USE\_TFM} can be defined |
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5411 to tell the program which library to use. Only one of the USE flags can be defined at once. |
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5412 |
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5413 \index{GMP\_DESC} \index{USE\_GMP} \index{LTM\_DESC} \index{TFM\_DESC} \index{USE\_LTM} \index{USE\_TFM} |
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5414 \begin{small} |
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5415 \begin{verbatim} |
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5416 CFLAGS="-DGMP_DESC -DLTM_DESC -DTFM_DESC -DUSE_TFM" \ |
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5417 EXTRALIBS="-lgmp -ltommath -ltfm" make -f makefile.shared install timing |
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5418 \end{verbatim} |
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5419 \end{small} |
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5420 |
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5421 That will build and install the library with all descriptors (and link against all), but only use TomsFastMath in the timing demo. |
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5422 |
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5423 \chapter{Optimizations} |
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5424 \mysection{Introduction} |
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5425 The entire API was designed with plug and play in mind at the low level. That is you can swap out any cipher, hash, PRNG or bignum library and the dependent API will not |
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5426 require updating. This has the nice benefit that one can add ciphers (etc.) not have to re--write portions of the API. For the most part, LibTomCrypt has also been written |
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5427 to be highly portable and easy to build out of the box on pretty much any platform. As such there are no assembler inlines throughout the code, I make no assumptions |
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5428 about the platform, etc... |
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5429 |
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5430 That works well for most cases but there are times where performance is of the essence. This API allows optimized routines to be dropped in--place of the existing |
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5431 portable routines. For instance, hand optimized assembler versions of AES could be provided. Any existing function that uses the cipher could automatically use |
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|
5432 the optimized code without re--writing. This also paves the way for hardware drivers that can access hardware accelerated cryptographic devices. |
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5433 |
|
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5434 At the heart of this flexibility is the \textit{descriptor} system. A descriptor is essentially just a C \textit{struct} which describes the algorithm and provides pointers |
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5435 to functions that do the required work. For a given class of operation (e.g. cipher, hash, prng, bignum) the functions of a descriptor have identical prototypes which makes |
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5436 development simple. In most dependent routines all an end developer has to do is register\_XXX() the descriptor and they are set. |
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5437 |
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5438 \mysection{Ciphers} |
|
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5439 The ciphers in LibTomCrypt are accessed through the ltc\_cipher\_descriptor structure. |
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5440 |
|
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|
5441 \label{sec:cipherdesc} |
|
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|
5442 \begin{small} |
|
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5443 \begin{verbatim} |
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5444 struct ltc_cipher_descriptor { |
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5445 /** name of cipher */ |
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5446 char *name; |
|
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5447 |
|
285
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5448 /** internal ID */ |
|
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5449 unsigned char ID; |
|
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5450 |
|
285
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5451 /** min keysize (octets) */ |
|
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5452 int min_key_length, |
|
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5453 |
|
285
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|
5454 /** max keysize (octets) */ |
|
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5455 max_key_length, |
|
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5456 |
|
285
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|
5457 /** block size (octets) */ |
|
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|
5458 block_length, |
|
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5459 |
|
285
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|
5460 /** default number of rounds */ |
|
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|
5461 default_rounds; |
|
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5462 |
|
285
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|
5463 /** Setup the cipher |
|
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|
5464 @param key The input symmetric key |
|
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|
5465 @param keylen The length of the input key (octets) |
|
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|
5466 @param num_rounds The requested number of rounds (0==default) |
|
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|
5467 @param skey [out] The destination of the scheduled key |
|
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|
5468 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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|
5469 */ |
|
382
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5470 int (*setup)(const unsigned char *key, |
|
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|
5471 int keylen, |
|
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|
5472 int num_rounds, |
|
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|
5473 symmetric_key *skey); |
|
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|
5474 |
|
285
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|
5475 /** Encrypt a block |
|
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|
5476 @param pt The plaintext |
|
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|
5477 @param ct [out] The ciphertext |
|
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|
5478 @param skey The scheduled key |
|
382
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|
5479 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
285
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|
5480 */ |
|
382
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|
5481 int (*ecb_encrypt)(const unsigned char *pt, |
|
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|
5482 unsigned char *ct, |
|
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|
5483 symmetric_key *skey); |
|
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|
5484 |
|
285
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|
5485 /** Decrypt a block |
|
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|
5486 @param ct The ciphertext |
|
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|
5487 @param pt [out] The plaintext |
|
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|
5488 @param skey The scheduled key |
|
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|
5489 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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|
5490 */ |
|
382
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5491 int (*ecb_decrypt)(const unsigned char *ct, |
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5492 unsigned char *pt, |
|
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5493 symmetric_key *skey); |
|
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|
5494 |
|
285
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|
5495 /** Test the block cipher |
|
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5496 @return CRYPT_OK if successful, |
|
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|
5497 CRYPT_NOP if self-testing has been disabled |
|
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|
5498 */ |
|
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|
5499 int (*test)(void); |
|
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5500 |
|
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|
5501 /** Terminate the context |
|
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5502 @param skey The scheduled key |
|
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5503 */ |
|
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|
5504 void (*done)(symmetric_key *skey); |
|
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5505 |
|
285
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|
5506 /** Determine a key size |
|
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5507 @param keysize [in/out] The size of the key desired |
|
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|
5508 The suggested size |
|
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|
5509 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5510 */ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5511 int (*keysize)(int *keysize); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5512 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5513 /** Accelerators **/ |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5514 /** Accelerated ECB encryption |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5515 @param pt Plaintext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5516 @param ct Ciphertext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5517 @param blocks The number of complete blocks to process |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5518 @param skey The scheduled key context |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
5519 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5520 */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
5521 int (*accel_ecb_encrypt)(const unsigned char *pt, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5522 unsigned char *ct, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5523 unsigned long blocks, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5524 symmetric_key *skey); |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5525 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5526 /** Accelerated ECB decryption |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5527 @param pt Plaintext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5528 @param ct Ciphertext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5529 @param blocks The number of complete blocks to process |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5530 @param skey The scheduled key context |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5531 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5532 */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5533 int (*accel_ecb_decrypt)(const unsigned char *ct, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5534 unsigned char *pt, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5535 unsigned long blocks, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5536 symmetric_key *skey); |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5537 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5538 /** Accelerated CBC encryption |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5539 @param pt Plaintext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5540 @param ct Ciphertext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5541 @param blocks The number of complete blocks to process |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5542 @param IV The initial value (input/output) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5543 @param skey The scheduled key context |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5544 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5545 */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5546 int (*accel_cbc_encrypt)(const unsigned char *pt, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5547 unsigned char *ct, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5548 unsigned long blocks, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5549 unsigned char *IV, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5550 symmetric_key *skey); |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5551 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5552 /** Accelerated CBC decryption |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5553 @param pt Plaintext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5554 @param ct Ciphertext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5555 @param blocks The number of complete blocks to process |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5556 @param IV The initial value (input/output) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5557 @param skey The scheduled key context |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5558 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5559 */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5560 int (*accel_cbc_decrypt)(const unsigned char *ct, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5561 unsigned char *pt, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5562 unsigned long blocks, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5563 unsigned char *IV, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5564 symmetric_key *skey); |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5565 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5566 /** Accelerated CTR encryption |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5567 @param pt Plaintext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5568 @param ct Ciphertext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5569 @param blocks The number of complete blocks to process |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5570 @param IV The initial value (input/output) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5571 @param mode little or big endian counter (mode=0 or mode=1) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5572 @param skey The scheduled key context |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5573 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5574 */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
5575 int (*accel_ctr_encrypt)(const unsigned char *pt, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5576 unsigned char *ct, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5577 unsigned long blocks, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5578 unsigned char *IV, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5579 int mode, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5580 symmetric_key *skey); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5581 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5582 /** Accelerated LRW |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
5583 @param pt Plaintext |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5584 @param ct Ciphertext |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5585 @param blocks The number of complete blocks to process |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
5586 @param IV The initial value (input/output) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5587 @param tweak The LRW tweak |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
5588 @param skey The scheduled key context |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5589 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5590 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5591 int (*accel_lrw_encrypt)(const unsigned char *pt, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5592 unsigned char *ct, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5593 unsigned long blocks, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
5594 unsigned char *IV, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5595 const unsigned char *tweak, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5596 symmetric_key *skey); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
5597 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5598 /** Accelerated LRW |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5599 @param ct Ciphertext |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5600 @param pt Plaintext |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5601 @param blocks The number of complete blocks to process |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5602 @param IV The initial value (input/output) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5603 @param tweak The LRW tweak |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5604 @param skey The scheduled key context |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5605 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5606 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5607 int (*accel_lrw_decrypt)(const unsigned char *ct, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
5608 unsigned char *pt, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
5609 unsigned long blocks, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
5610 unsigned char *IV, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5611 const unsigned char *tweak, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5612 symmetric_key *skey); |
|
285
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propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5613 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5614 /** Accelerated CCM packet (one-shot) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5615 @param key The secret key to use |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5616 @param keylen The length of the secret key (octets) |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
5617 @param uskey A previously scheduled key [can be NULL] |
|
285
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propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5618 @param nonce The session nonce [use once] |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5619 @param noncelen The length of the nonce |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5620 @param header The header for the session |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5621 @param headerlen The length of the header (octets) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5622 @param pt [out] The plaintext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5623 @param ptlen The length of the plaintext (octets) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5624 @param ct [out] The ciphertext |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
5625 @param tag [out] The destination tag |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5626 @param taglen [in/out] The max size and resulting size |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
5627 of the authentication tag |
|
285
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propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5628 @param direction Encrypt or Decrypt direction (0 or 1) |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5629 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
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|
5630 */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5631 int (*accel_ccm_memory)( |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5632 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
5633 symmetric_key *uskey, |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5634 const unsigned char *nonce, unsigned long noncelen, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5635 const unsigned char *header, unsigned long headerlen, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5636 unsigned char *pt, unsigned long ptlen, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5637 unsigned char *ct, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5638 unsigned char *tag, unsigned long *taglen, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5639 int direction); |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5640 |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5641 /** Accelerated GCM packet (one shot) |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
5642 @param key The secret key |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
5643 @param keylen The length of the secret key |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5644 @param IV The initial vector |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
5645 @param IVlen The length of the initial vector |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
5646 @param adata The additional authentication data (header) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5647 @param adatalen The length of the adata |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5648 @param pt The plaintext |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5649 @param ptlen The length of the plaintext/ciphertext |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5650 @param ct The ciphertext |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
5651 @param tag [out] The MAC tag |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
5652 @param taglen [in/out] The MAC tag length |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
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|
5653 @param direction Encrypt or Decrypt mode (GCM_ENCRYPT or GCM_DECRYPT) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
5654 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5655 */ |
|
382
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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diff
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|
5656 int (*accel_gcm_memory)( |
|
285
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5657 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5658 const unsigned char *IV, unsigned long IVlen, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5659 const unsigned char *adata, unsigned long adatalen, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5660 unsigned char *pt, unsigned long ptlen, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5661 unsigned char *ct, |
|
1b9e69c058d2
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5662 unsigned char *tag, unsigned long *taglen, |
|
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|
5663 int direction); |
|
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5664 |
|
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|
5665 /** Accelerated one shot OMAC |
|
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5666 @param key The secret key |
|
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5667 @param keylen The key length (octets) |
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5668 @param in The message |
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5669 @param inlen Length of message (octets) |
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5670 @param out [out] Destination for tag |
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5671 @param outlen [in/out] Initial and final size of out |
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5672 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
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5673 */ |
|
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5674 int (*omac_memory)( |
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5675 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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5676 const unsigned char *in, unsigned long inlen, |
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5677 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
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5678 |
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5679 /** Accelerated one shot XCBC |
|
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5680 @param key The secret key |
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5681 @param keylen The key length (octets) |
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5682 @param in The message |
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5683 @param inlen Length of message (octets) |
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5684 @param out [out] Destination for tag |
|
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5685 @param outlen [in/out] Initial and final size of out |
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5686 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
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5687 */ |
|
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5688 int (*xcbc_memory)( |
|
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5689 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
|
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|
5690 const unsigned char *in, unsigned long inlen, |
|
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5691 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
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5692 |
|
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|
5693 /** Accelerated one shot F9 |
|
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5694 @param key The secret key |
|
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5695 @param keylen The key length (octets) |
|
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5696 @param in The message |
|
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5697 @param inlen Length of message (octets) |
|
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5698 @param out [out] Destination for tag |
|
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5699 @param outlen [in/out] Initial and final size of out |
|
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5700 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
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5701 @remark Requires manual padding |
|
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5702 */ |
|
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|
5703 int (*f9_memory)( |
|
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5704 const unsigned char *key, unsigned long keylen, |
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5705 const unsigned char *in, unsigned long inlen, |
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5706 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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|
5707 }; |
|
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|
5708 \end{verbatim} |
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|
5709 \end{small} |
|
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5710 |
|
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5711 \subsection{Name} |
|
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5712 \index{find\_cipher()} |
|
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5713 The \textit{name} parameter specifies the name of the cipher. This is what a developer would pass to find\_cipher() to find the cipher in the descriptor |
|
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|
5714 tables. |
|
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5715 |
|
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|
5716 \subsection{Internal ID} |
|
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5717 This is a single byte Internal ID you can use to distinguish ciphers from each other. |
|
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5718 |
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5719 \subsection{Key Lengths} |
|
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5720 The minimum key length is \textit{min\_key\_length} and is measured in octets. Similarly the maximum key length is \textit{max\_key\_length}. They can be equal |
|
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5721 and both must valid key sizes for the cipher. Values in between are not assumed to be valid though they may be. |
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5722 |
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5723 \subsection{Block Length} |
|
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5724 The size of the ciphers plaintext or ciphertext is \textit{block\_length} and is measured in octets. |
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5725 |
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5726 \subsection{Rounds} |
|
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5727 Some ciphers allow different number of rounds to be used. Usually you just use the default. The default round count is \textit{default\_rounds}. |
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5728 |
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|
5729 \subsection{Setup} |
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5730 To initialize a cipher (for ECB mode) the function setup() was provided. It accepts an array of key octets \textit{key} of length \textit{keylen} octets. The user |
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5731 can specify the number of rounds they want through \textit{num\_rounds} where $num\_rounds = 0$ means use the default. The destination of a scheduled key is stored |
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5732 in \textit{skey}. |
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5733 |
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5734 Inside the \textit{symmetric\_key} union there is a \textit{void *data} which you can use to allocate data if you need a data structure that does not fit with the existing |
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5735 ones provided. Just make sure in your \textit{done()} function that you free the allocated memory. |
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5736 |
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|
5737 \subsection{Single block ECB} |
|
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5738 To process a single block in ECB mode the ecb\_encrypt() and ecb\_decrypt() functions were provided. The plaintext and ciphertext buffers are allowed to overlap so you |
|
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|
5739 must make sure you do not overwrite the output before you are finished with the input. |
|
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|
5740 |
|
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|
5741 \subsection{Testing} |
|
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5742 The test() function is used to self--test the \textit{device}. It takes no arguments and returns \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} if all is working properly. You may return |
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|
5743 \textbf{CRYPT\_NOP} to indicate that no testing was performed. |
|
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5744 |
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|
5745 \subsection{Key Sizing} |
|
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5746 Occasionally, a function will want to find a suitable key size to use since the input is oddly sized. The keysize() function is for this case. It accepts a |
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5747 pointer to an integer which represents the desired size. The function then has to match it to the exact or a lower key size that is valid for the cipher. For |
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5748 example, if the input is $25$ and $24$ is valid then it stores $24$ back in the pointed to integer. It must not round up and must return an error if the keysize |
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5749 cannot be mapped to a valid key size for the cipher. |
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5750 |
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|
5751 \subsection{Acceleration} |
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5752 The next set of functions cover the accelerated functionality of the cipher descriptor. Any combination of these functions may be set to \textbf{NULL} to indicate |
|
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5753 it is not supported. In those cases the software defaults are used (using the single ECB block routines). |
|
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5754 |
|
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5755 \subsubsection{Accelerated ECB} |
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5756 These two functions are meant for cases where a user wants to encrypt (in ECB mode no less) an array of blocks. These functions are accessed |
|
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5757 through the accel\_ecb\_encrypt and accel\_ecb\_decrypt pointers. The \textit{blocks} count is the number of complete blocks to process. |
|
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5758 |
|
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|
5759 \subsubsection{Accelerated CBC} |
|
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5760 These two functions are meant for accelerated CBC encryption. These functions are accessed through the accel\_cbc\_encrypt and accel\_cbc\_decrypt pointers. |
|
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5761 The \textit{blocks} value is the number of complete blocks to process. The \textit{IV} is the CBC initial vector. It is an input upon calling this function and must be |
|
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|
5762 updated by the function before returning. |
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5763 |
|
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|
5764 \subsubsection{Accelerated CTR} |
|
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|
5765 This function is meant for accelerated CTR encryption. It is accessible through the accel\_ctr\_encrypt pointer. |
|
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5766 The \textit{blocks} value is the number of complete blocks to process. The \textit{IV} is the CTR counter vector. It is an input upon calling this function and must be |
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5767 updated by the function before returning. The \textit{mode} value indicates whether the counter is big (mode = CTR\_COUNTER\_BIG\_ENDIAN) or |
|
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|
5768 little (mode = CTR\_COUNTER\_LITTLE\_ENDIAN) endian. |
|
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|
5769 |
|
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|
5770 This function (and the way it's called) differs from the other two since ctr\_encrypt() allows any size input plaintext. The accelerator will only be |
|
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|
5771 called if the following conditions are met. |
|
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|
5772 |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5773 \begin{enumerate} |
|
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|
5774 \item The accelerator is present |
|
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|
5775 \item The CTR pad is empty |
|
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|
5776 \item The remaining length of the input to process is greater than or equal to the block size. |
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|
5777 \end{enumerate} |
|
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|
5778 |
|
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5779 The \textit{CTR pad} is empty when a multiple (including zero) blocks of text have been processed. That is, if you pass in seven bytes to AES--CTR mode you would have to |
|
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|
5780 pass in a minimum of nine extra bytes before the accelerator could be called. The CTR accelerator must increment the counter (and store it back into the |
|
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|
5781 buffer provided) before encrypting it to create the pad. |
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|
5782 |
|
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|
5783 The accelerator will only be used to encrypt whole blocks. Partial blocks are always handled in software. |
|
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5784 |
|
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|
5785 \subsubsection{Accelerated LRW} |
|
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5786 These functions are meant for accelerated LRW. They process blocks of input in lengths of multiples of 16 octets. They must accept the \textit{IV} and \textit{tweak} |
|
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5787 state variables and updated them prior to returning. Note that you may want to disable \textbf{LRW\_TABLES} in \textit{tomcrypt\_custom.h} if you intend |
|
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5788 to use accelerators for LRW. |
|
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5789 |
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5790 While both encrypt and decrypt accelerators are not required it is suggested as it makes lrw\_setiv() more efficient. |
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5791 |
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5792 Note that calling lrw\_done() will only invoke the cipher\_descriptor[].done() function on the \textit{symmetric\_key} parameter of the LRW state. That means |
|
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5793 if your device requires any (LRW specific) resources you should free them in your ciphers() done function. The simplest way to think of it is to write |
|
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5794 the plugin solely to do LRW with the cipher. That way cipher\_descriptor[].setup() means to init LRW resources and cipher\_descriptor[].done() means to |
|
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|
5795 free them. |
|
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5796 |
|
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|
5797 \subsubsection{Accelerated CCM} |
|
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5798 This function is meant for accelerated CCM encryption or decryption. It processes the entire packet in one call. You can optimize the work flow somewhat |
|
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5799 by allowing the caller to call the setup() function first to schedule the key if your accelerator cannot do the key schedule on the fly (for instance). This |
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|
5800 function MUST support both key passing methods. |
|
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5801 |
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|
5802 \begin{center} |
|
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|
5803 \begin{small} |
|
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|
5804 \begin{tabular}{|r|r|l|} |
|
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5805 \hline \textbf{key} & \textbf{uskey} & \textbf{Source of key} \\ |
|
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5806 \hline NULL & NULL & Error, not supported \\ |
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5807 \hline non-NULL & NULL & Use key, do a key schedule \\ |
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|
5808 \hline NULL & non-NULL & Use uskey, key schedule not required \\ |
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|
5809 \hline non-NULL & non-NULL & Use uskey, key schedule not required \\ |
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|
5810 \hline |
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|
5811 \end{tabular} |
|
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|
5812 \end{small} |
|
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|
5813 \end{center} |
|
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5814 |
|
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|
5815 \index{ccm\_memory()} This function is called when the user calls ccm\_memory(). |
|
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|
5816 |
|
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|
5817 \subsubsection{Accelerated GCM} |
|
382
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|
5818 \index{gcm\_memory()} |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5819 This function is meant for accelerated GCM encryption or decryption. It processes the entire packet in one call. Note that the setup() function will not |
|
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|
5820 be called prior to this. This function must handle scheduling the key provided on its own. It is called when the user calls gcm\_memory(). |
|
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5821 |
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5822 \subsubsection{Accelerated OMAC} |
|
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|
5823 \index{omac\_memory()} |
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|
5824 This function is meant to perform an optimized OMAC1 (CMAC) message authentication code computation when the user calls omac\_memory(). |
|
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5825 |
|
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|
5826 \subsubsection{Accelerated XCBC-MAC} |
|
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|
5827 \index{xcbc\_memory()} |
|
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|
5828 This function is meant to perform an optimized XCBC-MAC message authentication code computation when the user calls xcbc\_memory(). |
|
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|
5829 |
|
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|
5830 \subsubsection{Accelerated F9} |
|
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|
5831 \index{f9\_memory()} |
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|
5832 This function is meant to perform an optimized F9 message authentication code computation when the user calls f9\_memory(). Like f9\_memory(), it requires |
|
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|
5833 the caller to perform any 3GPP related padding before calling in order to ensure proper compliance with F9. |
|
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|
5834 |
|
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|
5835 |
|
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|
5836 \mysection{One--Way Hashes} |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5837 The hash functions are accessed through the ltc\_hash\_descriptor structure. |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5838 |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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changeset
|
5839 \begin{small} |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5840 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
5841 struct ltc_hash_descriptor { |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5842 /** name of hash */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5843 char *name; |
|
382
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|
5844 |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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changeset
|
5845 /** internal ID */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
5846 unsigned char ID; |
|
382
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|
5847 |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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changeset
|
5848 /** Size of digest in octets */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5849 unsigned long hashsize; |
|
382
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|
5850 |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5851 /** Input block size in octets */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5852 unsigned long blocksize; |
|
382
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|
5853 |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5854 /** ASN.1 OID */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
5855 unsigned long OID[16]; |
|
382
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|
5856 |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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|
5857 /** Length of DER encoding */ |
|
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propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5858 unsigned long OIDlen; |
|
382
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|
5859 |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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changeset
|
5860 /** Init a hash state |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5861 @param hash The hash to initialize |
|
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propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 20dccfc09627970a312d77fb41dc2970b62689c3)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5862 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5863 */ |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
5864 int (*init)(hash_state *hash); |
|
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|
5865 |
|
285
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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changeset
|
5866 /** Process a block of data |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5867 @param hash The hash state |
|
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
5868 @param in The data to hash |
|
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changeset
|
5869 @param inlen The length of the data (octets) |
|
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changeset
|
5870 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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|
5871 */ |
|
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|
5872 int (*process)( hash_state *hash, |
|
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|
5873 const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
5874 unsigned long inlen); |
|
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|
5875 |
|
285
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diff
changeset
|
5876 /** Produce the digest and store it |
|
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|
5877 @param hash The hash state |
|
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|
5878 @param out [out] The destination of the digest |
|
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|
5879 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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|
5880 */ |
|
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|
5881 int (*done)( hash_state *hash, |
|
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|
5882 unsigned char *out); |
|
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|
5883 |
|
285
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|
5884 /** Self-test |
|
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5885 @return CRYPT_OK if successful, |
|
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|
5886 CRYPT_NOP if self-tests have been disabled |
|
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|
5887 */ |
|
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|
5888 int (*test)(void); |
|
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5889 |
|
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5890 /* accelerated hmac callback: if you need to-do |
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5891 multiple packets just use the generic hmac_memory |
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5892 and provide a hash callback |
|
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5893 */ |
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5894 int (*hmac_block)(const unsigned char *key, |
|
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5895 unsigned long keylen, |
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5896 const unsigned char *in, |
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5897 unsigned long inlen, |
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|
5898 unsigned char *out, |
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|
5899 unsigned long *outlen); |
|
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5900 }; |
|
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|
5901 \end{verbatim} |
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5902 \end{small} |
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5903 |
|
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|
5904 \subsection{Name} |
|
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5905 This is the name the hash is known by and what find\_hash() will look for. |
|
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5906 |
|
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|
5907 \subsection{Internal ID} |
|
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|
5908 This is the internal ID byte used to distinguish the hash from other hashes. |
|
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5909 |
|
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|
5910 \subsection{Digest Size} |
|
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|
5911 The \textit{hashsize} variable indicates the length of the output in octets. |
|
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5912 |
|
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|
5913 \subsection{Block Size} |
|
382
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5914 The \textit{blocksize} variable indicates the length of input (in octets) that the hash processes in a given |
|
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|
5915 invocation. |
|
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|
5916 |
|
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|
5917 \subsection{OID Identifier} |
|
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|
5918 This is the universal ASN.1 Object Identifier for the hash. |
|
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|
5919 |
|
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|
5920 \subsection{Initialization} |
|
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|
5921 The init function initializes the hash and prepares it to process message bytes. |
|
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|
5922 |
|
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|
5923 \subsection{Process} |
|
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|
5924 This processes message bytes. The algorithm must accept any length of input that the hash would allow. The input is not |
|
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|
5925 guaranteed to be a multiple of the block size in length. |
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5926 |
|
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|
5927 \subsection{Done} |
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|
5928 The done function terminates the hash and returns the message digest. |
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|
5929 |
|
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|
5930 \subsection{Acceleration} |
|
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5931 A compatible accelerator must allow processing data in any granularity which may require internal padding on the driver side. |
|
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5932 |
|
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|
5933 \subsection{HMAC Acceleration} |
|
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5934 The hmac\_block() callback is meant for single--shot optimized HMAC implementations. It is called directly by hmac\_memory() if present. If you need |
|
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|
5935 to be able to process multiple blocks per MAC then you will have to simply provide a process() callback and use hmac\_memory() as provided in LibTomCrypt. |
|
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5936 |
|
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|
5937 \mysection{Pseudo--Random Number Generators} |
|
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|
5938 The pseudo--random number generators are accessible through the ltc\_prng\_descriptor structure. |
|
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|
5939 |
|
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|
5940 \begin{small} |
|
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|
5941 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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|
5942 struct ltc_prng_descriptor { |
|
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|
5943 /** Name of the PRNG */ |
|
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|
5944 char *name; |
|
382
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5945 |
|
285
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|
5946 /** size in bytes of exported state */ |
|
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|
5947 int export_size; |
|
382
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5948 |
|
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|
5949 /** Start a PRNG state |
|
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|
5950 @param prng [out] The state to initialize |
|
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|
5951 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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|
5952 */ |
|
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|
5953 int (*start)(prng_state *prng); |
|
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5954 |
|
285
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|
5955 /** Add entropy to the PRNG |
|
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|
5956 @param in The entropy |
|
382
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|
5957 @param inlen Length of the entropy (octets) |
|
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|
5958 @param prng The PRNG state |
|
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|
5959 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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|
5960 */ |
|
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|
5961 int (*add_entropy)(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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|
5962 unsigned long inlen, |
|
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|
5963 prng_state *prng); |
|
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|
5964 |
|
285
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|
5965 /** Ready a PRNG state to read from |
|
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|
5966 @param prng The PRNG state to ready |
|
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|
5967 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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|
5968 */ |
|
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5969 int (*ready)(prng_state *prng); |
|
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5970 |
|
285
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|
5971 /** Read from the PRNG |
|
1b9e69c058d2
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|
5972 @param out [out] Where to store the data |
|
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|
5973 @param outlen Length of data desired (octets) |
|
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|
5974 @param prng The PRNG state to read from |
|
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|
5975 @return Number of octets read |
|
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5976 */ |
|
382
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5977 unsigned long (*read)(unsigned char *out, |
|
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5978 unsigned long outlen, |
|
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5979 prng_state *prng); |
|
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5980 |
|
285
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|
5981 /** Terminate a PRNG state |
|
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|
5982 @param prng The PRNG state to terminate |
|
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|
5983 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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|
5984 */ |
|
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|
5985 int (*done)(prng_state *prng); |
|
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5986 |
|
285
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|
5987 /** Export a PRNG state |
|
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|
5988 @param out [out] The destination for the state |
|
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5989 @param outlen [in/out] The max size and resulting size |
|
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|
5990 @param prng The PRNG to export |
|
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|
5991 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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|
5992 */ |
|
382
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5993 int (*pexport)(unsigned char *out, |
|
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5994 unsigned long *outlen, |
|
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|
5995 prng_state *prng); |
|
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5996 |
|
285
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|
5997 /** Import a PRNG state |
|
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|
5998 @param in The data to import |
|
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|
5999 @param inlen The length of the data to import (octets) |
|
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|
6000 @param prng The PRNG to initialize/import |
|
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|
6001 @return CRYPT_OK if successful |
|
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|
6002 */ |
|
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6003 int (*pimport)(const unsigned char *in, |
|
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6004 unsigned long inlen, |
|
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6005 prng_state *prng); |
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6006 |
|
285
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|
6007 /** Self-test the PRNG |
|
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6008 @return CRYPT_OK if successful, |
|
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|
6009 CRYPT_NOP if self-testing has been disabled |
|
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|
6010 */ |
|
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|
6011 int (*test)(void); |
|
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|
6012 }; |
|
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|
6013 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
6014 \end{small} |
|
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|
6015 |
|
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|
6016 \subsection{Name} |
|
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|
6017 The name by which find\_prng() will find the PRNG. |
|
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|
6018 |
|
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|
6019 \subsection{Export Size} |
|
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|
6020 When an PRNG state is to be exported for future use you specify the space required in this variable. |
|
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6021 |
|
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|
6022 \subsection{Start} |
|
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6023 Initialize the PRNG and make it ready to accept entropy. |
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6024 |
|
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|
6025 \subsection{Entropy Addition} |
|
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6026 Add entropy to the PRNG state. The exact behaviour of this function depends on the particulars of the PRNG. |
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6027 |
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6028 \subsection{Ready} |
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6029 This function makes the PRNG ready to read from by processing the entropy added. The behaviour of this function depends |
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|
6030 on the specific PRNG used. |
|
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|
6031 |
|
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|
6032 \subsection{Read} |
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|
6033 Read from the PRNG and return the number of bytes read. This function does not have to fill the buffer but it is best |
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6034 if it does as many protocols do not retry reads and will fail on the first try. |
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6035 |
|
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|
6036 \subsection{Done} |
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6037 Terminate a PRNG state. The behaviour of this function depends on the particular PRNG used. |
|
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6038 |
|
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6039 \subsection{Exporting and Importing} |
|
382
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6040 An exported PRNG state is data that the PRNG can later import to resume activity. They're not meant to resume \textit{the same session} |
|
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6041 but should at least maintain the same level of state entropy. |
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6042 |
|
382
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6043 \mysection{BigNum Math Descriptors} |
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6044 The library also makes use of the math descriptors to access math functions. While bignum math libraries usually differ in implementation |
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6045 it hasn't proven hard to write \textit{glue} to use math libraries so far. The basic descriptor looks like. |
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6046 |
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6047 \begin{small} |
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6048 \begin{verbatim} |
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6049 /** math descriptor */ |
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6050 typedef struct { |
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6051 /** Name of the math provider */ |
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6052 char *name; |
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6053 |
|
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6054 /** Bits per digit, amount of bits must fit in an unsigned long */ |
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6055 int bits_per_digit; |
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6056 |
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6057 /* ---- init/deinit functions ---- */ |
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6058 |
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6059 /** initialize a bignum |
|
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6060 @param a The number to initialize |
|
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6061 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
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6062 */ |
|
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6063 int (*init)(void **a); |
|
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6064 |
|
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6065 /** init copy |
|
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6066 @param dst The number to initialize and write to |
|
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6067 @param src The number to copy from |
|
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6068 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
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|
6069 */ |
|
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|
6070 int (*init_copy)(void **dst, void *src); |
|
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6071 |
|
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|
6072 /** deinit |
|
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6073 @param a The number to free |
|
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6074 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
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|
6075 */ |
|
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|
6076 void (*deinit)(void *a); |
|
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6077 |
|
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|
6078 /* ---- data movement ---- */ |
|
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6079 |
|
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|
6080 /** copy |
|
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6081 @param src The number to copy from |
|
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6082 @param dst The number to write to |
|
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6083 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
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|
6084 */ |
|
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6085 int (*copy)(void *src, void *dst); |
|
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6086 |
|
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|
6087 /* ---- trivial low level functions ---- */ |
|
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6088 |
|
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|
6089 /** set small constant |
|
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6090 @param a Number to write to |
|
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6091 @param n Source upto bits_per_digit (meant for small constants) |
|
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6092 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
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6093 */ |
|
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6094 int (*set_int)(void *a, unsigned long n); |
|
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6095 |
|
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6096 /** get small constant |
|
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6097 @param a Small number to read |
|
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6098 @return The lower bits_per_digit of the integer (unsigned) |
|
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6099 */ |
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6100 unsigned long (*get_int)(void *a); |
|
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6101 |
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|
6102 /** get digit n |
|
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6103 @param a The number to read from |
|
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6104 @param n The number of the digit to fetch |
|
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6105 @return The bits_per_digit sized n'th digit of a |
|
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6106 */ |
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6107 unsigned long (*get_digit)(void *a, int n); |
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6108 |
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|
6109 /** Get the number of digits that represent the number |
|
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6110 @param a The number to count |
|
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6111 @return The number of digits used to represent the number |
|
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6112 */ |
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|
6113 int (*get_digit_count)(void *a); |
|
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6114 |
|
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|
6115 /** compare two integers |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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6116 @param a The left side integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
6117 @param b The right side integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
6118 @return LTC_MP_LT if a < b, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
6119 LTC_MP_GT if a > b and |
|
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propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6120 LTC_MP_EQ otherwise. (signed comparison) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
6121 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
6122 int (*compare)(void *a, void *b); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
6123 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6124 /** compare against int |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
6125 @param a The left side integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6126 @param b The right side integer (upto bits_per_digit) |
|
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propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6127 @return LTC_MP_LT if a < b, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6128 LTC_MP_GT if a > b and |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6129 LTC_MP_EQ otherwise. (signed comparison) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6130 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6131 int (*compare_d)(void *a, unsigned long n); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6132 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6133 /** Count the number of bits used to represent the integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6134 @param a The integer to count |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6135 @return The number of bits required to represent the integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6136 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6137 int (*count_bits)(void * a); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
6138 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6139 /** Count the number of LSB bits which are zero |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6140 @param a The integer to count |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6141 @return The number of contiguous zero LSB bits |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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diff
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|
6142 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6143 int (*count_lsb_bits)(void *a); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
6144 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6145 /** Compute a power of two |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6146 @param a The integer to store the power in |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6147 @param n The power of two you want to store (a = 2^n) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6148 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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diff
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|
6149 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
6150 int (*twoexpt)(void *a , int n); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
6151 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
6152 /* ---- radix conversions ---- */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
6153 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
6154 /** read ascii string |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
6155 @param a The integer to store into |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
6156 @param str The string to read |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
6157 @param radix The radix the integer has been represented in (2-64) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
6158 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6159 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
6160 int (*read_radix)(void *a, const char *str, int radix); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
6161 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
6162 /** write number to string |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6163 @param a The integer to store |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6164 @param str The destination for the string |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6165 @param radix The radix the integer is to be represented in (2-64) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6166 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
6167 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
6168 int (*write_radix)(void *a, char *str, int radix); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
6169 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
6170 /** get size as unsigned char string |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
6171 @param a The integer to get the size |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
6172 @return The length of the integer in octets |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6173 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
6174 unsigned long (*unsigned_size)(void *a); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6175 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6176 /** store an integer as an array of octets |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6177 @param src The integer to store |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
6178 @param dst The buffer to store the integer in |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6179 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6180 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6181 int (*unsigned_write)(void *src, unsigned char *dst); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6182 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
6183 /** read an array of octets and store as integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
6184 @param dst The integer to load |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6185 @param src The array of octets |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
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|
6186 @param len The number of octets |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
6187 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
6188 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
6189 int (*unsigned_read)( void *dst, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
6190 unsigned char *src, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6191 unsigned long len); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6192 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6193 /* ---- basic math ---- */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6194 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
6195 /** add two integers |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6196 @param a The first source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6197 @param b The second source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6198 @param c The destination of "a + b" |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6199 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6200 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6201 int (*add)(void *a, void *b, void *c); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
6202 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
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|
6203 /** add two integers |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
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|
6204 @param a The first source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
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|
6205 @param b The second source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
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|
6206 (single digit of upto bits_per_digit in length) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6207 @param c The destination of "a + b" |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
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|
6208 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
6209 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6210 int (*addi)(void *a, unsigned long b, void *c); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
6211 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
6212 /** subtract two integers |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
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|
6213 @param a The first source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
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|
6214 @param b The second source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
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|
6215 @param c The destination of "a - b" |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6216 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6217 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6218 int (*sub)(void *a, void *b, void *c); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6219 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6220 /** subtract two integers |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6221 @param a The first source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6222 @param b The second source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6223 (single digit of upto bits_per_digit in length) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6224 @param c The destination of "a - b" |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6225 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6226 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6227 int (*subi)(void *a, unsigned long b, void *c); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6228 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6229 /** multiply two integers |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6230 @param a The first source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6231 @param b The second source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6232 (single digit of upto bits_per_digit in length) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6233 @param c The destination of "a * b" |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6234 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6235 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6236 int (*mul)(void *a, void *b, void *c); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6237 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6238 /** multiply two integers |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6239 @param a The first source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6240 @param b The second source integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6241 (single digit of upto bits_per_digit in length) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6242 @param c The destination of "a * b" |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6243 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6244 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6245 int (*muli)(void *a, unsigned long b, void *c); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6246 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6247 /** Square an integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6248 @param a The integer to square |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6249 @param b The destination |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6250 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6251 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6252 int (*sqr)(void *a, void *b); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6253 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
6254 /** Divide an integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
6255 @param a The dividend |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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changeset
|
6256 @param b The divisor |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
changeset
|
6257 @param c The quotient (can be NULL to signify don't care) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
changeset
|
6258 @param d The remainder (can be NULL to signify don't care) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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285
diff
changeset
|
6259 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6260 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6261 int (*div)(void *a, void *b, void *c, void *d); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6262 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6263 /** divide by two |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
parents:
285
diff
changeset
|
6264 @param a The integer to divide (shift right) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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diff
changeset
|
6265 @param b The destination |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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6266 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6267 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6268 int (*div_2)(void *a, void *b); |
|
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|
6269 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6270 /** Get remainder (small value) |
|
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|
6271 @param a The integer to reduce |
|
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6272 @param b The modulus (upto bits_per_digit in length) |
|
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6273 @param c The destination for the residue |
|
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6274 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6275 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6276 int (*modi)(void *a, unsigned long b, unsigned long *c); |
|
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6277 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6278 /** gcd |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6279 @param a The first integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6280 @param b The second integer |
|
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6281 @param c The destination for (a, b) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6282 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6283 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6284 int (*gcd)(void *a, void *b, void *c); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6285 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6286 /** lcm |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6287 @param a The first integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6288 @param b The second integer |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6289 @param c The destination for [a, b] |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6290 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6291 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6292 int (*lcm)(void *a, void *b, void *c); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6293 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6294 /** Modular multiplication |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6295 @param a The first source |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6296 @param b The second source |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6297 @param c The modulus |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6298 @param d The destination (a*b mod c) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6299 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6300 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6301 int (*mulmod)(void *a, void *b, void *c, void *d); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6302 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6303 /** Modular squaring |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6304 @param a The first source |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6305 @param b The modulus |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6306 @param c The destination (a*a mod b) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6307 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6308 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6309 int (*sqrmod)(void *a, void *b, void *c); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6310 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6311 /** Modular inversion |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6312 @param a The value to invert |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6313 @param b The modulus |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6314 @param c The destination (1/a mod b) |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6315 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
propagate from branch 'au.asn.ucc.matt.ltc.dropbear' (head 2af22fb4e878750b88f80f90d439b316d229796f)
Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6316 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6317 int (*invmod)(void *, void *, void *); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6318 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6319 /* ---- reduction ---- */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6320 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6321 /** setup Montgomery |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6322 @param a The modulus |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6323 @param b The destination for the reduction digit |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6324 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
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|
6325 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6326 int (*montgomery_setup)(void *a, void **b); |
|
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|
6327 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6328 /** get normalization value |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6329 @param a The destination for the normalization value |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6330 @param b The modulus |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6331 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6332 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6333 int (*montgomery_normalization)(void *a, void *b); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6334 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6335 /** reduce a number |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6336 @param a The number [and dest] to reduce |
|
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|
6337 @param b The modulus |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6338 @param c The value "b" from montgomery_setup() |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6339 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6340 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6341 int (*montgomery_reduce)(void *a, void *b, void *c); |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6342 |
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6343 /** clean up (frees memory) |
|
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6344 @param a The value "b" from montgomery_setup() |
|
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|
6345 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
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|
6346 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6347 void (*montgomery_deinit)(void *a); |
|
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6348 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6349 /* ---- exponentiation ---- */ |
|
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6350 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6351 /** Modular exponentiation |
|
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6352 @param a The base integer |
|
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6353 @param b The power (can be negative) integer |
|
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6354 @param c The modulus integer |
|
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6355 @param d The destination |
|
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6356 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6357 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6358 int (*exptmod)(void *a, void *b, void *c, void *d); |
|
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6359 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6360 /** Primality testing |
|
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6361 @param a The integer to test |
|
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6362 @param b The destination of the result (FP_YES if prime) |
|
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6363 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6364 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6365 int (*isprime)(void *a, int *b); |
|
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|
6366 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6367 /* ---- (optional) ecc point math ---- */ |
|
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6368 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6369 /** ECC GF(p) point multiplication (from the NIST curves) |
|
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6370 @param k The integer to multiply the point by |
|
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6371 @param G The point to multiply |
|
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|
6372 @param R The destination for kG |
|
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|
6373 @param modulus The modulus for the field |
|
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6374 @param map Boolean indicated whether to map back to affine or not |
|
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6375 (can be ignored if you work in affine only) |
|
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|
6376 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6377 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6378 int (*ecc_ptmul)( void *k, |
|
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|
6379 ecc_point *G, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6380 ecc_point *R, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6381 void *modulus, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6382 int map); |
|
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|
6383 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6384 /** ECC GF(p) point addition |
|
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6385 @param P The first point |
|
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|
6386 @param Q The second point |
|
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|
6387 @param R The destination of P + Q |
|
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|
6388 @param modulus The modulus |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6389 @param mp The "b" value from montgomery_setup() |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6390 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6391 */ |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6392 int (*ecc_ptadd)(ecc_point *P, |
|
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|
6393 ecc_point *Q, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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|
6394 ecc_point *R, |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6395 void *modulus, |
|
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6396 void *mp); |
|
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6397 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6398 /** ECC GF(p) point double |
|
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6399 @param P The first point |
|
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6400 @param R The destination of 2P |
|
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6401 @param modulus The modulus |
|
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6402 @param mp The "b" value from montgomery_setup() |
|
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6403 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
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6404 */ |
|
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6405 int (*ecc_ptdbl)(ecc_point *P, |
|
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6406 ecc_point *R, |
|
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6407 void *modulus, |
|
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6408 void *mp); |
|
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6409 |
|
0cbe8f6dbf9e
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6410 /** ECC mapping from projective to affine, |
|
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6411 currently uses (x,y,z) => (x/z^2, y/z^3, 1) |
|
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6412 @param P The point to map |
|
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6413 @param modulus The modulus |
|
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6414 @param mp The "b" value from montgomery_setup() |
|
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6415 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
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6416 @remark The mapping can be different but keep in mind a |
|
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6417 ecc_point only has three integers (x,y,z) so if |
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6418 you use a different mapping you have to make it fit. |
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6419 */ |
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6420 int (*ecc_map)(ecc_point *P, void *modulus, void *mp); |
|
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6421 |
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6422 /** Computes kA*A + kB*B = C using Shamir's Trick |
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6423 @param A First point to multiply |
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6424 @param kA What to multiple A by |
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6425 @param B Second point to multiply |
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6426 @param kB What to multiple B by |
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6427 @param C [out] Destination point (can overlap with A or B) |
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6428 @param modulus Modulus for curve |
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6429 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
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6430 */ |
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6431 int (*ecc_mul2add)(ecc_point *A, void *kA, |
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6432 ecc_point *B, void *kB, |
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6433 ecc_point *C, |
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6434 void *modulus); |
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6435 |
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6436 |
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6437 /* ---- (optional) rsa optimized math (for internal CRT) ---- */ |
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6438 |
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6439 /** RSA Key Generation |
|
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6440 @param prng An active PRNG state |
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6441 @param wprng The index of the PRNG desired |
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6442 @param size The size of the key in octets |
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6443 @param e The "e" value (public key). |
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6444 e==65537 is a good choice |
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6445 @param key [out] Destination of a newly created private key pair |
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6446 @return CRYPT_OK if successful, upon error all allocated ram is freed |
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6447 */ |
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6448 int (*rsa_keygen)(prng_state *prng, |
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6449 int wprng, |
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6450 int size, |
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6451 long e, |
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6452 rsa_key *key); |
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6453 |
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6454 /** RSA exponentiation |
|
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6455 @param in The octet array representing the base |
|
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6456 @param inlen The length of the input |
|
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6457 @param out The destination (to be stored in an octet array format) |
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6458 @param outlen The length of the output buffer and the resulting size |
|
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6459 (zero padded to the size of the modulus) |
|
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6460 @param which PK_PUBLIC for public RSA and PK_PRIVATE for private RSA |
|
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6461 @param key The RSA key to use |
|
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6462 @return CRYPT_OK on success |
|
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6463 */ |
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6464 int (*rsa_me)(const unsigned char *in, unsigned long inlen, |
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6465 unsigned char *out, unsigned long *outlen, int which, |
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6466 rsa_key *key); |
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6467 } ltc_math_descriptor; |
|
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6468 \end{verbatim} |
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6469 \end{small} |
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6470 |
|
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6471 Most of the functions are fairly straightforward and do not need documentation. We'll cover the basic conventions of the API and then explain the accelerated functions. |
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6472 |
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6473 \subsection{Conventions} |
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6474 |
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6475 All \textit{bignums} are accessed through an opaque \textit{void *} data type. You must internally cast the pointer if you need to access members of your bignum structure. During |
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6476 the init calls a \textit{void **} will be passed where you allocate your structure and set the pointer then initialize the number to zero. During the deinit calls you must |
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6477 free the bignum as well as the structure you allocated to place it in. |
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6478 |
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6479 All functions except the Montgomery reductions work from left to right with the arguments. For example, mul(a, b, c) computes $c \leftarrow ab$. |
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6480 |
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6481 All functions (except where noted otherwise) return \textbf{CRYPT\_OK} to signify a successful operation. All error codes must be valid LibTomCrypt error codes. |
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6482 |
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6483 The digit routines (including functions with the \textit{i} suffix) use a \textit{unsigned long} to represent the digit. If your internal digit is larger than this you must |
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6484 then partition your digits. Normally this does not matter as \textit{unsigned long} will be the same size as your register size. Note that if your digit is smaller |
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6485 than an \textit{unsigned long} that is also acceptable as the \textit{bits\_per\_digit} parameter will specify this. |
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6486 |
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6487 \subsection{ECC Functions} |
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6488 The ECC system in LibTomCrypt is based off of the NIST recommended curves over $GF(p)$ and is used to implement EC-DSA and EC-DH. The ECC functions work with |
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6489 the \textbf{ecc\_point} structure and assume the points are stored in Jacobian projective format. |
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6490 |
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6491 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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6492 /** A point on a ECC curve, stored in Jacobian format such |
|
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6493 that (x,y,z) => (x/z^2, y/z^3, 1) when interpreted as affine */ |
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6494 typedef struct { |
|
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6495 /** The x co-ordinate */ |
|
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6496 void *x; |
|
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6497 /** The y co-ordinate */ |
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6498 void *y; |
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6499 /** The z co-ordinate */ |
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6500 void *z; |
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6501 } ecc_point; |
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6502 \end{verbatim} |
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6503 |
|
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6504 All ECC functions must use this mapping system. The only exception is when you remap all ECC callbacks which will allow you to have more control |
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6505 over how the ECC math will be implemented. Out of the box you only have three parameters per point to use $(x, y, z)$ however, these are just void pointers. They |
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6506 could point to anything you want. The only further exception is the export functions which expects the values to be in affine format. |
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6507 |
|
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6508 \subsubsection{Point Multiply} |
|
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6509 This will multiply the point $G$ by the scalar $k$ and store the result in the point $R$. The value should be mapped to affine only if $map$ is set to one. |
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6510 |
|
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6511 \subsubsection{Point Addition} |
|
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6512 This will add the point $P$ to the point $Q$ and store it in the point $R$. The $mp$ parameter is the \textit{b} value from the montgomery\_setup() call. The input points |
|
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6513 may be in either affine (with $z = 1$) or projective format and the output point is always projective. |
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6514 |
|
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6515 \subsubsection{Point Mapping} |
|
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6516 This will map the point $P$ back from projective to affine. The output point $P$ must be of the form $(x, y, 1)$. |
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6517 |
|
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6518 \subsubsection{Shamir's Trick} |
|
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6519 \index{Shamir's Trick} |
|
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6520 \index{ltc\_ecc\_mul2add()} |
|
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6521 To accelerate EC--DSA verification the library provides a built--in function called ltc\_ecc\_mul2add(). This performs two point multiplications and an addition in |
|
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6522 roughly the time of one point multiplication. It is called from ecc\_verify\_hash() if an accelerator is not present. The acclerator function must allow the points to |
|
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6523 overlap (e.g., $A \leftarrow k_1A + k_2B$) and must return the final point in affine format. |
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6524 |
|
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6525 |
|
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6526 \subsection{RSA Functions} |
|
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6527 The RSA Modular Exponentiation (ME) function is used by the RSA API to perform exponentiations for private and public key operations. In particular for |
|
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6528 private key operations it uses the CRT approach to lower the time required. It is passed an RSA key with the following format. |
|
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6529 |
|
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6530 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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6531 /** RSA PKCS style key */ |
|
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6532 typedef struct Rsa_key { |
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6533 /** Type of key, PK_PRIVATE or PK_PUBLIC */ |
|
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|
6534 int type; |
|
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6535 /** The public exponent */ |
|
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6536 void *e; |
|
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6537 /** The private exponent */ |
|
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6538 void *d; |
|
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6539 /** The modulus */ |
|
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6540 void *N; |
|
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6541 /** The p factor of N */ |
|
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6542 void *p; |
|
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6543 /** The q factor of N */ |
|
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6544 void *q; |
|
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6545 /** The 1/q mod p CRT param */ |
|
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6546 void *qP; |
|
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6547 /** The d mod (p - 1) CRT param */ |
|
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6548 void *dP; |
|
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6549 /** The d mod (q - 1) CRT param */ |
|
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6550 void *dQ; |
|
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6551 } rsa_key; |
|
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6552 \end{verbatim} |
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6553 |
|
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6554 The call reads the \textit{in} buffer as an unsigned char array in big endian format. Then it performs the exponentiation and stores the output in big endian format |
|
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6555 to the \textit{out} buffer. The output must be zero padded (leading bytes) so that the length of the output matches the length of the modulus (in bytes). For example, |
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6556 for RSA--1024 the output is always 128 bytes regardless of how small the numerical value of the exponentiation is. |
|
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6557 |
|
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6558 Since the function is given the entire RSA key (for private keys only) CRT is possible as prescribed in the PKCS \#1 v2.1 specification. |
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6559 |
|
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|
6560 \newpage |
|
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6561 \markboth{Index}{Index} |
|
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|
6562 \input{crypt.ind} |
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6563 |
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6564 \end{document} |
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6565 |
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6566 % $Source: /cvs/libtom/libtomcrypt/crypt.tex,v $ |
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6567 % $Revision: 1.128 $ |
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6568 % $Date: 2007/03/10 23:59:54 $ |