annotate dropbear.8 @ 1938:77bc00dcc19f default tip main master

Bump version to 2022.82
author Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
date Fri, 01 Apr 2022 14:43:27 +0800
parents e9854650d45b
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1 .TH dropbear 8
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2 .SH NAME
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3 dropbear \- lightweight SSH server
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4 .SH SYNOPSIS
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5 .B dropbear
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6 [\fIflag arguments\fR] [\-b
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7 .I banner\fR]
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8 [\-r
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9 .I hostkeyfile\fR] [\-p [\fIaddress\fR:]\fIport\fR]
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10 .SH DESCRIPTION
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11 .B dropbear
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12 is a small SSH server
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13 .SH OPTIONS
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14 .TP
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15 .B \-b \fIbanner
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16 bannerfile.
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17 Display the contents of the file
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18 .I banner
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19 before user login (default: none).
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20 .TP
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21 .B \-r \fIhostkey
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22 Use the contents of the file
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23 .I hostkey
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24 for the SSH hostkey.
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25 This file is generated with
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26 .BR dropbearkey (1)
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27 or automatically with the '-R' option. See "Host Key Files" below.
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28 .TP
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29 .B \-R
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30 Generate hostkeys automatically. See "Host Key Files" below.
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31 .TP
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32 .B \-F
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33 Don't fork into background.
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34 .TP
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35 .B \-E
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36 Log to standard error rather than syslog.
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37 .TP
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38 .B \-e
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39 Pass on the server environment to all child processes. This is required, for example,
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40 if Dropbear is launched on the fly from a SLURM workload manager. The environment is not
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41 passed by default. Note that this could expose secrets in environment variables from
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42 the calling process - use with caution.
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43 .TP
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44 .B \-m
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45 Don't display the message of the day on login.
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46 .TP
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47 .B \-w
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48 Disallow root logins.
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49 .TP
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50 .B \-s
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51 Disable password logins.
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52 .TP
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53 .B \-g
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54 Disable password logins for root.
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55 .TP
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56 .B \-j
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57 Disable local port forwarding.
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58 .TP
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59 .B \-k
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60 Disable remote port forwarding.
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61 .TP
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62 .B \-p\fR [\fIaddress\fR:]\fIport
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63 Listen on specified
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64 .I address
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65 and TCP
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66 .I port.
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67 If just a port is given listen
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68 on all addresses.
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69 Up to 10 can be specified (default 22 if none specified).
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70 .TP
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71 .B \-i
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72 Service program mode.
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73 Use this option to run
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74 .B dropbear
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75 under TCP/IP servers like inetd, tcpsvd, or tcpserver.
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76 In program mode the \-F option is implied, and \-p options are ignored.
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77 .TP
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78 .B \-P \fIpidfile
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79 Specify a pidfile to create when running as a daemon. If not specified, the
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80 default is /var/run/dropbear.pid
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81 .TP
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82 .B \-a
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83 Allow remote hosts to connect to forwarded ports.
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84 .TP
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85 .B \-W \fIwindowsize
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86 Specify the per-channel receive window buffer size. Increasing this
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87 may improve network performance at the expense of memory use. Use -h to see the
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88 default buffer size.
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89 .TP
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90 .B \-K \fItimeout_seconds
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91 Ensure that traffic is transmitted at a certain interval in seconds. This is
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92 useful for working around firewalls or routers that drop connections after
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93 a certain period of inactivity. The trade-off is that a session may be
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94 closed if there is a temporary lapse of network connectivity. A setting
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95 of 0 disables keepalives. If no response is received for 3 consecutive keepalives the connection will be closed.
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96 .TP
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97 .B \-I \fIidle_timeout
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98 Disconnect the session if no traffic is transmitted or received for \fIidle_timeout\fR seconds.
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99 .TP
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100 .B \-T \fImax_authentication_attempts
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101 Set the number of authentication attempts allowed per connection. If unspecified the default is 10 (MAX_AUTH_TRIES)
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102 .TP
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103 .B \-c \fIforced_command
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104 Disregard the command provided by the user and always run \fIforced_command\fR. This also
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105 overrides any authorized_keys command= option. The original command is saved in the
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106 SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND environment variable (see below).
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107 .TP
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108 .B \-V
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109 Print the version
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110
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111 .SH FILES
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112
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113 .TP
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114 Authorized Keys
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115
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116 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys can be set up to allow remote login with a RSA,
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117 ECDSA, Ed25519 or DSS
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118 key. Each line is of the form
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119 .TP
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120 [restrictions] ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIgAsp... [comment]
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121
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122 and can be extracted from a Dropbear private host key with "dropbearkey -y". This is the same format as used by OpenSSH, though the restrictions are a subset (keys with unknown restrictions are ignored).
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123 Restrictions are comma separated, with double quotes around spaces in arguments.
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124 Available restrictions are:
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125
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126 .TP
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127 .B no-port-forwarding
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128 Don't allow port forwarding for this connection
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129
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130 .TP
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131 .B no-agent-forwarding
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132 Don't allow agent forwarding for this connection
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133
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134 .TP
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135 .B no-X11-forwarding
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136 Don't allow X11 forwarding for this connection
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137
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138 .TP
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139 .B no-pty
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140 Disable PTY allocation. Note that a user can still obtain most of the
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141 same functionality with other means even if no-pty is set.
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142
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143 .TP
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144 .B restrict
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145 Applies all the no- restrictions listed above.
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146
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147 .TP
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148 .B command=\fR"\fIforced_command\fR"
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149 Disregard the command provided by the user and always run \fIforced_command\fR.
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150 The -c command line option overrides this.
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151
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152 The authorized_keys file and its containing ~/.ssh directory must only be
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153 writable by the user, otherwise Dropbear will not allow a login using public
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154 key authentication.
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155
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156 .TP
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157 Host Key Files
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158
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159 Host key files are read at startup from a standard location, by default
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160 /etc/dropbear/dropbear_dss_host_key, /etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key,
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161 /etc/dropbear/dropbear_ecdsa_host_key and /etc/dropbear/dropbear_ed25519_host_key
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162
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163 If the -r command line option is specified the default files are not loaded.
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164 Host key files are of the form generated by dropbearkey.
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165 The -R option can be used to automatically generate keys
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166 in the default location - keys will be generated after startup when the first
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167 connection is established. This had the benefit that the system /dev/urandom
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168 random number source has a better chance of being securely seeded.
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169
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170 .TP
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171 Message Of The Day
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172
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173 By default the file /etc/motd will be printed for any login shell (unless
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174 disabled at compile-time). This can also be disabled per-user
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175 by creating a file ~/.hushlogin .
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176
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177 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
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178 Dropbear sets the standard variables USER, LOGNAME, HOME, SHELL, PATH, and TERM.
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179
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180 The variables below are set for sessions as appropriate.
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181
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182 .TP
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183 .B SSH_TTY
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184 This is set to the allocated TTY if a PTY was used.
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185
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186 .TP
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187 .B SSH_CONNECTION
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188 Contains "<remote_ip> <remote_port> <local_ip> <local_port>".
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189
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190 .TP
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191 .B DISPLAY
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192 Set X11 forwarding is used.
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193
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194 .TP
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195 .B SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND
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196 If a 'command=' authorized_keys option was used, the original command is specified
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197 in this variable. If a shell was requested this is set to an empty value.
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198
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199 .TP
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200 .B SSH_AUTH_SOCK
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201 Set to a forwarded ssh-agent connection.
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202
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203 .SH NOTES
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204 Dropbear only supports SSH protocol version 2.
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205
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206 .SH AUTHOR
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207 Matt Johnston ([email protected]).
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208 .br
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209 Gerrit Pape ([email protected]) wrote this manual page.
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210 .SH SEE ALSO
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211 dropbearkey(1), dbclient(1), dropbearconvert(1)
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212 .P
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213 https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/dropbear.html