Mercurial > dropbear

changeset 849:754d7bee1068 ecc

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Merge
author Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au>
date Fri, 08 Nov 2013 23:32:13 +0800
parents 6c69e7df3621 (diff) f4bb964c8678 (current diff)
children 7507b174bba0
files Makefile.in cli-kex.c debug.h keyimport.c options.h svr-kex.c
diffstat 11 files changed, 965 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) [+]
line wrap: on
line diff
--- a/Makefile.in	Thu Nov 07 23:49:37 2013 +0800
+++ b/Makefile.in	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 CLISVROBJS=common-session.o packet.o common-algo.o common-kex.o \
 			common-channel.o common-chansession.o termcodes.o loginrec.o \
 			tcp-accept.o listener.o process-packet.o \
-			common-runopts.o circbuffer.o
+			common-runopts.o circbuffer.o curve25519-donna.o
 
 KEYOBJS=dropbearkey.o
 
--- a/algo.h	Thu Nov 07 23:49:37 2013 +0800
+++ b/algo.h	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 extern const struct dropbear_cipher dropbear_nocipher;
 extern const struct dropbear_cipher_mode dropbear_mode_none;
 extern const struct dropbear_hash dropbear_nohash;
+extern const struct dropbear_kex kex_curve25519;
 
 struct dropbear_cipher {
 	const struct ltc_cipher_descriptor *cipherdesc;
@@ -81,17 +82,27 @@
 	const unsigned char hashsize;
 };
 
+enum dropbear_kex_mode {
+	DROPBEAR_KEX_NORMAL_DH,
+	DROPBEAR_KEX_ECDH,
+	DROPBEAR_KEX_CURVE25519,
+};
+
 struct dropbear_kex {
-	// "normal" DH KEX
+	enum dropbear_kex_mode mode;
+	
+	/* "normal" DH KEX */
 	const unsigned char *dh_p_bytes;
 	const int dh_p_len;
 
-	// elliptic curve DH KEX
+	/* elliptic curve DH KEX */
 #ifdef DROPBEAR_ECDH
 	const struct dropbear_ecc_curve *ecc_curve;
+#else
+	const void* dummy;
 #endif
 
-	// both
+	/* both */
 	const struct ltc_hash_descriptor *hash_desc;
 };
 
@@ -117,12 +128,6 @@
 char * algolist_string(algo_type algos[]);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef DROPBEAR_ECDH
-#define IS_NORMAL_DH(algo) ((algo)->dh_p_bytes != NULL)
-#else
-#define IS_NORMAL_DH(algo) 1
-#endif
-
 enum {
 	DROPBEAR_COMP_NONE,
 	DROPBEAR_COMP_ZLIB,
--- a/cli-kex.c	Thu Nov 07 23:49:37 2013 +0800
+++ b/cli-kex.c	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -47,27 +47,43 @@
 
 	CHECKCLEARTOWRITE();
 	buf_putbyte(ses.writepayload, SSH_MSG_KEXDH_INIT);
-	if (IS_NORMAL_DH(ses.newkeys->algo_kex)) {
-		if (ses.newkeys->algo_kex != cli_ses.param_kex_algo
-			|| !cli_ses.dh_param) {
-			if (cli_ses.dh_param) {
-				free_kexdh_param(cli_ses.dh_param);
+	switch (ses.newkeys->algo_kex->mode) {
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_NORMAL_DH:
+			if (ses.newkeys->algo_kex != cli_ses.param_kex_algo
+				|| !cli_ses.dh_param) {
+				if (cli_ses.dh_param) {
+					free_kexdh_param(cli_ses.dh_param);
+				}
+				cli_ses.dh_param = gen_kexdh_param();
 			}
-			cli_ses.dh_param = gen_kexdh_param();
-		}
-		buf_putmpint(ses.writepayload, &cli_ses.dh_param->pub);
-	} else {
+			buf_putmpint(ses.writepayload, &cli_ses.dh_param->pub);
+			break;
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_ECDH:
 #ifdef DROPBEAR_ECDH
-		if (ses.newkeys->algo_kex != cli_ses.param_kex_algo
-			|| !cli_ses.ecdh_param) {
-			if (cli_ses.ecdh_param) {
-				free_kexecdh_param(cli_ses.ecdh_param);
+			if (ses.newkeys->algo_kex != cli_ses.param_kex_algo
+				|| !cli_ses.ecdh_param) {
+				if (cli_ses.ecdh_param) {
+					free_kexecdh_param(cli_ses.ecdh_param);
+				}
+				cli_ses.ecdh_param = gen_kexecdh_param();
 			}
-			cli_ses.ecdh_param = gen_kexecdh_param();
-		}
-		buf_put_ecc_raw_pubkey_string(ses.writepayload, &cli_ses.ecdh_param->key);
+			buf_put_ecc_raw_pubkey_string(ses.writepayload, &cli_ses.ecdh_param->key);
 #endif
+			break;
+#ifdef DROPBEAR_CURVE25519
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_CURVE25519:
+			if (ses.newkeys->algo_kex != cli_ses.param_kex_algo
+				|| !cli_ses.curve25519_param) {
+				if (cli_ses.curve25519_param) {
+					free_kexcurve25519_param(cli_ses.curve25519_param);
+				}
+				cli_ses.curve25519_param = gen_kexcurve25519_param();
+			}
+			buf_putstring(ses.writepayload, cli_ses.curve25519_param->priv, CURVE25519_LEN);
+#endif
+			break;
 	}
+
 	cli_ses.param_kex_algo = ses.newkeys->algo_kex;
 	encrypt_packet();
 	ses.requirenext[0] = SSH_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY;
@@ -103,23 +119,38 @@
 		dropbear_exit("Bad KEX packet");
 	}
 
-	if (IS_NORMAL_DH(ses.newkeys->algo_kex)) {
-		// Normal diffie-hellman
-		DEF_MP_INT(dh_f);
-		m_mp_init(&dh_f);
-		if (buf_getmpint(ses.payload, &dh_f) != DROPBEAR_SUCCESS) {
-			TRACE(("failed getting mpint"))
-			dropbear_exit("Bad KEX packet");
-		}
+	switch (ses.newkeys->algo_kex->mode) {
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_NORMAL_DH:
+			{
+			DEF_MP_INT(dh_f);
+			m_mp_init(&dh_f);
+			if (buf_getmpint(ses.payload, &dh_f) != DROPBEAR_SUCCESS) {
+				TRACE(("failed getting mpint"))
+				dropbear_exit("Bad KEX packet");
+			}
 
-		kexdh_comb_key(cli_ses.dh_param, &dh_f, hostkey);
-		mp_clear(&dh_f);
-	} else {
+			kexdh_comb_key(cli_ses.dh_param, &dh_f, hostkey);
+			mp_clear(&dh_f);
+			}
+			break;
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_ECDH:
 #ifdef DROPBEAR_ECDH
-		buffer *ecdh_qs = buf_getstringbuf(ses.payload);
-		kexecdh_comb_key(cli_ses.ecdh_param, ecdh_qs, hostkey);
-		buf_free(ecdh_qs);
+			{
+			buffer *ecdh_qs = buf_getstringbuf(ses.payload);
+			kexecdh_comb_key(cli_ses.ecdh_param, ecdh_qs, hostkey);
+			buf_free(ecdh_qs);
+			}
 #endif
+			break;
+#ifdef DROPBEAR_CURVE25519
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_CURVE25519:
+			{
+			buffer *ecdh_qs = buf_getstringbuf(ses.payload);
+			kexcurve25519_comb_key(cli_ses.curve25519_param, ecdh_qs, hostkey);
+			buf_free(ecdh_qs);
+			}
+#endif
+			break;
 	}
 
 	if (cli_ses.dh_param) {
@@ -132,6 +163,12 @@
 		cli_ses.ecdh_param = NULL;
 	}
 #endif
+#ifdef DROPBEAR_CURVE25519
+	if (cli_ses.curve25519_param) {
+		free_kexcurve25519_param(cli_ses.curve25519_param);
+		cli_ses.curve25519_param = NULL;
+	}
+#endif
 
 	cli_ses.param_kex_algo = NULL;
 	if (buf_verify(ses.payload, hostkey, ses.hash) != DROPBEAR_SUCCESS) {
--- a/common-algo.c	Thu Nov 07 23:49:37 2013 +0800
+++ b/common-algo.c	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -228,23 +228,30 @@
 	{NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL}
 };
 
-static struct dropbear_kex kex_dh_group1 = {dh_p_1, DH_P_1_LEN, NULL, &sha1_desc };
-static struct dropbear_kex kex_dh_group14 = {dh_p_14, DH_P_14_LEN, NULL, &sha1_desc };
+static const struct dropbear_kex kex_dh_group1 = {DROPBEAR_KEX_NORMAL_DH, dh_p_1, DH_P_1_LEN, NULL, &sha1_desc };
+static const struct dropbear_kex kex_dh_group14 = {DROPBEAR_KEX_NORMAL_DH, dh_p_14, DH_P_14_LEN, NULL, &sha1_desc };
 
 #ifdef DROPBEAR_ECDH
 #ifdef DROPBEAR_ECC_256
-static struct dropbear_kex kex_ecdh_nistp256 = {NULL, 0, &ecc_curve_nistp256, &sha256_desc };
+static struct dropbear_kex kex_ecdh_nistp256 = {DROPBEAR_KEX_ECDH, NULL, 0, &ecc_curve_nistp256, &sha256_desc };
 #endif
 #ifdef DROPBEAR_ECC_384
-static struct dropbear_kex kex_ecdh_nistp384 = {NULL, 0, &ecc_curve_nistp384, &sha384_desc };
+static struct dropbear_kex kex_ecdh_nistp384 = {DROPBEAR_KEX_ECDH, NULL, 0, &ecc_curve_nistp384, &sha384_desc };
 #endif
 #ifdef DROPBEAR_ECC_521
-static struct dropbear_kex kex_ecdh_nistp521 = {NULL, 0, &ecc_curve_nistp521, &sha512_desc };
+static struct dropbear_kex kex_ecdh_nistp521 = {DROPBEAR_KEX_ECDH, NULL, 0, &ecc_curve_nistp521, &sha512_desc };
 #endif
-#endif // DROPBEAR_ECDH
+#endif /* DROPBEAR_ECDH */
 
+#ifdef DROPBEAR_CURVE25519
+/* Referred to directly */
+const struct dropbear_kex kex_curve25519 = {DROPBEAR_KEX_CURVE25519, NULL, 0, NULL, &sha256_desc };
+#endif
 
 algo_type sshkex[] = {
+#ifdef DROPBEAR_CURVE25519
+	{"[email protected]", 0, &kex_curve25519, 1, NULL},
+#endif
 #ifdef DROPBEAR_ECDH
 #ifdef DROPBEAR_ECC_521
 	{"ecdh-sha2-nistp521", 0, &kex_ecdh_nistp521, 1, NULL},
@@ -289,7 +296,7 @@
 	unsigned int donefirst = 0;
 	buffer *algolist = NULL;
 
-	algolist = buf_new(160);
+	algolist = buf_new(200);
 	for (i = 0; localalgos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
 		if (localalgos[i].usable) {
 			if (donefirst)
--- a/common-kex.c	Thu Nov 07 23:49:37 2013 +0800
+++ b/common-kex.c	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -690,8 +690,8 @@
 
 	ses.dh_K = dropbear_ecc_shared_secret(Q_them, &param->key);
 
-	/* From here on, the code needs to work with the _same_ vars on each side,
-	 * not vice-versaing for client/server */
+	/* Create the remainder of the hash buffer, to generate the exchange hash
+	   See RFC5656 section 4 page 7 */
 	if (IS_DROPBEAR_CLIENT) {
 		Q_C = &param->key;
 		Q_S = Q_them;
@@ -700,7 +700,6 @@
 		Q_S = &param->key;
 	} 
 
-	/* Create the remainder of the hash buffer, to generate the exchange hash */
 	/* K_S, the host key */
 	buf_put_pub_key(ses.kexhashbuf, hostkey, ses.newkeys->algo_hostkey);
 	/* Q_C, client's ephemeral public key octet string */
@@ -713,7 +712,72 @@
 	/* calculate the hash H to sign */
 	finish_kexhashbuf();
 }
-#endif
+#endif /* DROPBEAR_ECDH */
+
+#ifdef DROPBEAR_CURVE25519
+struct kex_curve25519_param *gen_kexcurve25519_param () {
+	/* Per http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html */
+	struct kex_curve25519_param *param = m_malloc(sizeof(*param));
+	const unsigned char basepoint[32] = {9};
+
+	genrandom(param->priv, CURVE25519_LEN);
+	param->priv[0] &= 248;
+	param->priv[31] &= 127;
+	param->priv[31] |= 64;
+
+	curve25519_donna(param->pub, param->priv, basepoint);
+
+	return param;
+}
+
+void free_kexcurve25519_param(struct kex_curve25519_param *param)
+{
+	m_burn(param->priv, CURVE25519_LEN);
+	m_free(param);
+}
+
+void kexcurve25519_comb_key(struct kex_curve25519_param *param, buffer *buf_pub_them,
+	sign_key *hostkey) {
+	unsigned char* out = m_malloc(CURVE25519_LEN);
+	const unsigned char* Q_C = NULL;
+	const unsigned char* Q_S = NULL;
+
+	if (buf_pub_them->len != CURVE25519_LEN)
+	{
+		dropbear_exit("Bad curve25519");
+	}
+
+	curve25519_donna(out, param->priv, buf_pub_them->data);
+	ses.dh_K = m_malloc(sizeof(*ses.dh_K));
+	m_mp_init(ses.dh_K);
+	bytes_to_mp(ses.dh_K, out, CURVE25519_LEN);
+	m_free(out);
+
+	/* Create the remainder of the hash buffer, to generate the exchange hash.
+	   See RFC5656 section 4 page 7 */
+	if (IS_DROPBEAR_CLIENT) {
+		Q_C = param->pub;
+		Q_S = buf_pub_them->data;
+	} else {
+		Q_S = param->pub;
+		Q_C = buf_pub_them->data;
+	}
+
+	/* K_S, the host key */
+	buf_put_pub_key(ses.kexhashbuf, hostkey, ses.newkeys->algo_hostkey);
+	/* Q_C, client's ephemeral public key octet string */
+	buf_putstring(ses.kexhashbuf, Q_C, CURVE25519_LEN);
+	/* Q_S, server's ephemeral public key octet string */
+	buf_putstring(ses.kexhashbuf, Q_S, CURVE25519_LEN);
+	/* K, the shared secret */
+	buf_putmpint(ses.kexhashbuf, ses.dh_K);
+
+	/* calculate the hash H to sign */
+	finish_kexhashbuf();
+}
+#endif /* DROPBEAR_CURVE25519 */
+
+
 
 static void finish_kexhashbuf(void) {
 	hash_state hs;
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/curve25519-donna.c	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+/* Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * curve25519-donna: Curve25519 elliptic curve, public key function
+ *
+ * http://code.google.com/p/curve25519-donna/
+ *
+ * Adam Langley <[email protected]>
+ *
+ * Derived from public domain C code by Daniel J. Bernstein <[email protected]>
+ *
+ * More information about curve25519 can be found here
+ *   http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html
+ *
+ * djb's sample implementation of curve25519 is written in a special assembly
+ * language called qhasm and uses the floating point registers.
+ *
+ * This is, almost, a clean room reimplementation from the curve25519 paper. It
+ * uses many of the tricks described therein. Only the crecip function is taken
+ * from the sample implementation.
+ */
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define inline __inline
+#endif
+
+typedef uint8_t u8;
+typedef int32_t s32;
+typedef int64_t limb;
+
+/* Field element representation:
+ *
+ * Field elements are written as an array of signed, 64-bit limbs, least
+ * significant first. The value of the field element is:
+ *   x[0] + 2^26·x[1] + x^51·x[2] + 2^102·x[3] + ...
+ *
+ * i.e. the limbs are 26, 25, 26, 25, ... bits wide.
+ */
+
+/* Sum two numbers: output += in */
+static void fsum(limb *output, const limb *in) {
+  unsigned i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
+    output[0+i] = (output[0+i] + in[0+i]);
+    output[1+i] = (output[1+i] + in[1+i]);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Find the difference of two numbers: output = in - output
+ * (note the order of the arguments!)
+ */
+static void fdifference(limb *output, const limb *in) {
+  unsigned i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    output[i] = (in[i] - output[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Multiply a number by a scalar: output = in * scalar */
+static void fscalar_product(limb *output, const limb *in, const limb scalar) {
+  unsigned i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    output[i] = in[i] * scalar;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Multiply two numbers: output = in2 * in
+ *
+ * output must be distinct to both inputs. The inputs are reduced coefficient
+ * form, the output is not.
+ */
+static void fproduct(limb *output, const limb *in2, const limb *in) {
+  output[0] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[1] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[2] =  2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[3] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[4] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[5] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[6] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[7] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[8] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[9] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[10] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[2]);
+  output[11] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[2]);
+  output[12] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[3])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[4]);
+  output[13] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[4]);
+  output[14] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[5])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[6]);
+  output[15] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[6]);
+  output[16] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[7]));
+  output[17] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[8]);
+  output[18] = 2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[9]);
+}
+
+/* Reduce a long form to a short form by taking the input mod 2^255 - 19. */
+static void freduce_degree(limb *output) {
+  /* Each of these shifts and adds ends up multiplying the value by 19. */
+  output[8] += output[18] << 4;
+  output[8] += output[18] << 1;
+  output[8] += output[18];
+  output[7] += output[17] << 4;
+  output[7] += output[17] << 1;
+  output[7] += output[17];
+  output[6] += output[16] << 4;
+  output[6] += output[16] << 1;
+  output[6] += output[16];
+  output[5] += output[15] << 4;
+  output[5] += output[15] << 1;
+  output[5] += output[15];
+  output[4] += output[14] << 4;
+  output[4] += output[14] << 1;
+  output[4] += output[14];
+  output[3] += output[13] << 4;
+  output[3] += output[13] << 1;
+  output[3] += output[13];
+  output[2] += output[12] << 4;
+  output[2] += output[12] << 1;
+  output[2] += output[12];
+  output[1] += output[11] << 4;
+  output[1] += output[11] << 1;
+  output[1] += output[11];
+  output[0] += output[10] << 4;
+  output[0] += output[10] << 1;
+  output[0] += output[10];
+}
+
+#if (-1 & 3) != 3
+#error "This code only works on a two's complement system"
+#endif
+
+/* return v / 2^26, using only shifts and adds. */
+static inline limb
+div_by_2_26(const limb v)
+{
+  /* High word of v; no shift needed*/
+  const uint32_t highword = (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) v) >> 32);
+  /* Set to all 1s if v was negative; else set to 0s. */
+  const int32_t sign = ((int32_t) highword) >> 31;
+  /* Set to 0x3ffffff if v was negative; else set to 0. */
+  const int32_t roundoff = ((uint32_t) sign) >> 6;
+  /* Should return v / (1<<26) */
+  return (v + roundoff) >> 26;
+}
+
+/* return v / (2^25), using only shifts and adds. */
+static inline limb
+div_by_2_25(const limb v)
+{
+  /* High word of v; no shift needed*/
+  const uint32_t highword = (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) v) >> 32);
+  /* Set to all 1s if v was negative; else set to 0s. */
+  const int32_t sign = ((int32_t) highword) >> 31;
+  /* Set to 0x1ffffff if v was negative; else set to 0. */
+  const int32_t roundoff = ((uint32_t) sign) >> 7;
+  /* Should return v / (1<<25) */
+  return (v + roundoff) >> 25;
+}
+
+static inline s32
+div_s32_by_2_25(const s32 v)
+{
+   const s32 roundoff = ((uint32_t)(v >> 31)) >> 7;
+   return (v + roundoff) >> 25;
+}
+
+/* Reduce all coefficients of the short form input so that |x| < 2^26.
+ *
+ * On entry: |output[i]| < 2^62
+ */
+static void freduce_coefficients(limb *output) {
+  unsigned i;
+
+  output[10] = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
+    limb over = div_by_2_26(output[i]);
+    output[i] -= over << 26;
+    output[i+1] += over;
+
+    over = div_by_2_25(output[i+1]);
+    output[i+1] -= over << 25;
+    output[i+2] += over;
+  }
+  /* Now |output[10]| < 2 ^ 38 and all other coefficients are reduced. */
+  output[0] += output[10] << 4;
+  output[0] += output[10] << 1;
+  output[0] += output[10];
+
+  output[10] = 0;
+
+  /* Now output[1..9] are reduced, and |output[0]| < 2^26 + 19 * 2^38
+   * So |over| will be no more than 77825  */
+  {
+    limb over = div_by_2_26(output[0]);
+    output[0] -= over << 26;
+    output[1] += over;
+  }
+
+  /* Now output[0,2..9] are reduced, and |output[1]| < 2^25 + 77825
+   * So |over| will be no more than 1. */
+  {
+    /* output[1] fits in 32 bits, so we can use div_s32_by_2_25 here. */
+    s32 over32 = div_s32_by_2_25((s32) output[1]);
+    output[1] -= over32 << 25;
+    output[2] += over32;
+  }
+
+  /* Finally, output[0,1,3..9] are reduced, and output[2] is "nearly reduced":
+   * we have |output[2]| <= 2^26.  This is good enough for all of our math,
+   * but it will require an extra freduce_coefficients before fcontract. */
+}
+
+/* A helpful wrapper around fproduct: output = in * in2.
+ *
+ * output must be distinct to both inputs. The output is reduced degree and
+ * reduced coefficient.
+ */
+static void
+fmul(limb *output, const limb *in, const limb *in2) {
+  limb t[19];
+  fproduct(t, in, in2);
+  freduce_degree(t);
+  freduce_coefficients(t);
+  memcpy(output, t, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+}
+
+static void fsquare_inner(limb *output, const limb *in) {
+  output[0] =       ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[1] =  2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[1]);
+  output[2] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[2]));
+  output[3] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[3]));
+  output[4] =       ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+               4 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+               2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[4]);
+  output[5] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[5]));
+  output[6] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+               2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[5]));
+  output[7] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[7]));
+  output[8] =       ((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[5])));
+  output[9] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[9]));
+  output[10] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[9])));
+  output[11] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[9]));
+  output[12] =      ((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[9])));
+  output[13] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[9]));
+  output[14] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[7])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[9]));
+  output[15] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[7])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[9]));
+  output[16] =      ((limb) ((s32) in[8])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               4 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[7])) * ((s32) in[9]);
+  output[17] = 2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[8])) * ((s32) in[9]);
+  output[18] = 2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[9])) * ((s32) in[9]);
+}
+
+static void
+fsquare(limb *output, const limb *in) {
+  limb t[19];
+  fsquare_inner(t, in);
+  freduce_degree(t);
+  freduce_coefficients(t);
+  memcpy(output, t, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+}
+
+/* Take a little-endian, 32-byte number and expand it into polynomial form */
+static void
+fexpand(limb *output, const u8 *input) {
+#define F(n,start,shift,mask) \
+  output[n] = ((((limb) input[start + 0]) | \
+                ((limb) input[start + 1]) << 8 | \
+                ((limb) input[start + 2]) << 16 | \
+                ((limb) input[start + 3]) << 24) >> shift) & mask;
+  F(0, 0, 0, 0x3ffffff);
+  F(1, 3, 2, 0x1ffffff);
+  F(2, 6, 3, 0x3ffffff);
+  F(3, 9, 5, 0x1ffffff);
+  F(4, 12, 6, 0x3ffffff);
+  F(5, 16, 0, 0x1ffffff);
+  F(6, 19, 1, 0x3ffffff);
+  F(7, 22, 3, 0x1ffffff);
+  F(8, 25, 4, 0x3ffffff);
+  F(9, 28, 6, 0x3ffffff);
+#undef F
+}
+
+#if (-32 >> 1) != -16
+#error "This code only works when >> does sign-extension on negative numbers"
+#endif
+
+/* Take a fully reduced polynomial form number and contract it into a
+ * little-endian, 32-byte array
+ */
+static void
+fcontract(u8 *output, limb *input) {
+  int i;
+  int j;
+
+  for (j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
+    for (i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+      if ((i & 1) == 1) {
+        /* This calculation is a time-invariant way to make input[i] positive
+           by borrowing from the next-larger limb.
+        */
+        const s32 mask = (s32)(input[i]) >> 31;
+        const s32 carry = -(((s32)(input[i]) & mask) >> 25);
+        input[i] = (s32)(input[i]) + (carry << 25);
+        input[i+1] = (s32)(input[i+1]) - carry;
+      } else {
+        const s32 mask = (s32)(input[i]) >> 31;
+        const s32 carry = -(((s32)(input[i]) & mask) >> 26);
+        input[i] = (s32)(input[i]) + (carry << 26);
+        input[i+1] = (s32)(input[i+1]) - carry;
+      }
+    }
+    {
+      const s32 mask = (s32)(input[9]) >> 31;
+      const s32 carry = -(((s32)(input[9]) & mask) >> 25);
+      input[9] = (s32)(input[9]) + (carry << 25);
+      input[0] = (s32)(input[0]) - (carry * 19);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* The first borrow-propagation pass above ended with every limb
+     except (possibly) input[0] non-negative.
+
+     Since each input limb except input[0] is decreased by at most 1
+     by a borrow-propagation pass, the second borrow-propagation pass
+     could only have wrapped around to decrease input[0] again if the
+     first pass left input[0] negative *and* input[1] through input[9]
+     were all zero.  In that case, input[1] is now 2^25 - 1, and this
+     last borrow-propagation step will leave input[1] non-negative.
+  */
+  {
+    const s32 mask = (s32)(input[0]) >> 31;
+    const s32 carry = -(((s32)(input[0]) & mask) >> 26);
+    input[0] = (s32)(input[0]) + (carry << 26);
+    input[1] = (s32)(input[1]) - carry;
+  }
+
+  /* Both passes through the above loop, plus the last 0-to-1 step, are
+     necessary: if input[9] is -1 and input[0] through input[8] are 0,
+     negative values will remain in the array until the end.
+   */
+
+  input[1] <<= 2;
+  input[2] <<= 3;
+  input[3] <<= 5;
+  input[4] <<= 6;
+  input[6] <<= 1;
+  input[7] <<= 3;
+  input[8] <<= 4;
+  input[9] <<= 6;
+#define F(i, s) \
+  output[s+0] |=  input[i] & 0xff; \
+  output[s+1]  = (input[i] >> 8) & 0xff; \
+  output[s+2]  = (input[i] >> 16) & 0xff; \
+  output[s+3]  = (input[i] >> 24) & 0xff;
+  output[0] = 0;
+  output[16] = 0;
+  F(0,0);
+  F(1,3);
+  F(2,6);
+  F(3,9);
+  F(4,12);
+  F(5,16);
+  F(6,19);
+  F(7,22);
+  F(8,25);
+  F(9,28);
+#undef F
+}
+
+/* Input: Q, Q', Q-Q'
+ * Output: 2Q, Q+Q'
+ *
+ *   x2 z3: long form
+ *   x3 z3: long form
+ *   x z: short form, destroyed
+ *   xprime zprime: short form, destroyed
+ *   qmqp: short form, preserved
+ */
+static void fmonty(limb *x2, limb *z2,  /* output 2Q */
+                   limb *x3, limb *z3,  /* output Q + Q' */
+                   limb *x, limb *z,    /* input Q */
+                   limb *xprime, limb *zprime,  /* input Q' */
+                   const limb *qmqp /* input Q - Q' */) {
+  limb origx[10], origxprime[10], zzz[19], xx[19], zz[19], xxprime[19],
+        zzprime[19], zzzprime[19], xxxprime[19];
+
+  memcpy(origx, x, 10 * sizeof(limb));
+  fsum(x, z);
+  fdifference(z, origx);  // does x - z
+
+  memcpy(origxprime, xprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+  fsum(xprime, zprime);
+  fdifference(zprime, origxprime);
+  fproduct(xxprime, xprime, z);
+  fproduct(zzprime, x, zprime);
+  freduce_degree(xxprime);
+  freduce_coefficients(xxprime);
+  freduce_degree(zzprime);
+  freduce_coefficients(zzprime);
+  memcpy(origxprime, xxprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+  fsum(xxprime, zzprime);
+  fdifference(zzprime, origxprime);
+  fsquare(xxxprime, xxprime);
+  fsquare(zzzprime, zzprime);
+  fproduct(zzprime, zzzprime, qmqp);
+  freduce_degree(zzprime);
+  freduce_coefficients(zzprime);
+  memcpy(x3, xxxprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+  memcpy(z3, zzprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+
+  fsquare(xx, x);
+  fsquare(zz, z);
+  fproduct(x2, xx, zz);
+  freduce_degree(x2);
+  freduce_coefficients(x2);
+  fdifference(zz, xx);  // does zz = xx - zz
+  memset(zzz + 10, 0, sizeof(limb) * 9);
+  fscalar_product(zzz, zz, 121665);
+  /* No need to call freduce_degree here:
+     fscalar_product doesn't increase the degree of its input. */
+  freduce_coefficients(zzz);
+  fsum(zzz, xx);
+  fproduct(z2, zz, zzz);
+  freduce_degree(z2);
+  freduce_coefficients(z2);
+}
+
+/* Conditionally swap two reduced-form limb arrays if 'iswap' is 1, but leave
+ * them unchanged if 'iswap' is 0.  Runs in data-invariant time to avoid
+ * side-channel attacks.
+ *
+ * NOTE that this function requires that 'iswap' be 1 or 0; other values give
+ * wrong results.  Also, the two limb arrays must be in reduced-coefficient,
+ * reduced-degree form: the values in a[10..19] or b[10..19] aren't swapped,
+ * and all all values in a[0..9],b[0..9] must have magnitude less than
+ * INT32_MAX.
+ */
+static void
+swap_conditional(limb a[19], limb b[19], limb iswap) {
+  unsigned i;
+  const s32 swap = (s32) -iswap;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    const s32 x = swap & ( ((s32)a[i]) ^ ((s32)b[i]) );
+    a[i] = ((s32)a[i]) ^ x;
+    b[i] = ((s32)b[i]) ^ x;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Calculates nQ where Q is the x-coordinate of a point on the curve
+ *
+ *   resultx/resultz: the x coordinate of the resulting curve point (short form)
+ *   n: a little endian, 32-byte number
+ *   q: a point of the curve (short form)
+ */
+static void
+cmult(limb *resultx, limb *resultz, const u8 *n, const limb *q) {
+  limb a[19] = {0}, b[19] = {1}, c[19] = {1}, d[19] = {0};
+  limb *nqpqx = a, *nqpqz = b, *nqx = c, *nqz = d, *t;
+  limb e[19] = {0}, f[19] = {1}, g[19] = {0}, h[19] = {1};
+  limb *nqpqx2 = e, *nqpqz2 = f, *nqx2 = g, *nqz2 = h;
+
+  unsigned i, j;
+
+  memcpy(nqpqx, q, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+    u8 byte = n[31 - i];
+    for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
+      const limb bit = byte >> 7;
+
+      swap_conditional(nqx, nqpqx, bit);
+      swap_conditional(nqz, nqpqz, bit);
+      fmonty(nqx2, nqz2,
+             nqpqx2, nqpqz2,
+             nqx, nqz,
+             nqpqx, nqpqz,
+             q);
+      swap_conditional(nqx2, nqpqx2, bit);
+      swap_conditional(nqz2, nqpqz2, bit);
+
+      t = nqx;
+      nqx = nqx2;
+      nqx2 = t;
+      t = nqz;
+      nqz = nqz2;
+      nqz2 = t;
+      t = nqpqx;
+      nqpqx = nqpqx2;
+      nqpqx2 = t;
+      t = nqpqz;
+      nqpqz = nqpqz2;
+      nqpqz2 = t;
+
+      byte <<= 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  memcpy(resultx, nqx, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+  memcpy(resultz, nqz, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shamelessly copied from djb's code
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void
+crecip(limb *out, const limb *z) {
+  limb z2[10];
+  limb z9[10];
+  limb z11[10];
+  limb z2_5_0[10];
+  limb z2_10_0[10];
+  limb z2_20_0[10];
+  limb z2_50_0[10];
+  limb z2_100_0[10];
+  limb t0[10];
+  limb t1[10];
+  int i;
+
+  /* 2 */ fsquare(z2,z);
+  /* 4 */ fsquare(t1,z2);
+  /* 8 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 9 */ fmul(z9,t0,z);
+  /* 11 */ fmul(z11,z9,z2);
+  /* 22 */ fsquare(t0,z11);
+  /* 2^5 - 2^0 = 31 */ fmul(z2_5_0,t0,z9);
+
+  /* 2^6 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_5_0);
+  /* 2^7 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^8 - 2^3 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^9 - 2^4 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^10 - 2^5 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^10 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_10_0,t0,z2_5_0);
+
+  /* 2^11 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_10_0);
+  /* 2^12 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^20 - 2^10 */ for (i = 2;i < 10;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
+  /* 2^20 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_20_0,t1,z2_10_0);
+
+  /* 2^21 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_20_0);
+  /* 2^22 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^40 - 2^20 */ for (i = 2;i < 20;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
+  /* 2^40 - 2^0 */ fmul(t0,t1,z2_20_0);
+
+  /* 2^41 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^42 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^50 - 2^10 */ for (i = 2;i < 10;i += 2) { fsquare(t1,t0); fsquare(t0,t1); }
+  /* 2^50 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_50_0,t0,z2_10_0);
+
+  /* 2^51 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_50_0);
+  /* 2^52 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^100 - 2^50 */ for (i = 2;i < 50;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
+  /* 2^100 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_100_0,t1,z2_50_0);
+
+  /* 2^101 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t1,z2_100_0);
+  /* 2^102 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^200 - 2^100 */ for (i = 2;i < 100;i += 2) { fsquare(t1,t0); fsquare(t0,t1); }
+  /* 2^200 - 2^0 */ fmul(t1,t0,z2_100_0);
+
+  /* 2^201 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^202 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^250 - 2^50 */ for (i = 2;i < 50;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
+  /* 2^250 - 2^0 */ fmul(t0,t1,z2_50_0);
+
+  /* 2^251 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^252 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^253 - 2^3 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^254 - 2^4 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^255 - 2^5 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^255 - 21 */ fmul(out,t1,z11);
+}
+
+int curve25519_donna(u8 *, const u8 *, const u8 *);
+
+int
+curve25519_donna(u8 *mypublic, const u8 *secret, const u8 *basepoint) {
+  limb bp[10], x[10], z[11], zmone[10];
+  uint8_t e[32];
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 32; ++i) e[i] = secret[i];
+  e[0] &= 248;
+  e[31] &= 127;
+  e[31] |= 64;
+
+  fexpand(bp, basepoint);
+  cmult(x, z, e, bp);
+  crecip(zmone, z);
+  fmul(z, x, zmone);
+  freduce_coefficients(z);
+  fcontract(mypublic, z);
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/debug.h	Thu Nov 07 23:49:37 2013 +0800
+++ b/debug.h	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
  * since the printing may not sanitise strings etc. This will add a reasonable
  * amount to your executable size. */
 /* #define DEBUG_TRACE */
+#define DEBUG_TRACE
 
 /* All functions writing to the cleartext payload buffer call
  * CHECKCLEARTOWRITE() before writing. This is only really useful if you're
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@
 /* To debug with GDB it is easier to run with no forking of child processes.
    You will need to pass "-F" as well. */
 /* #define DEBUG_NOFORK */
+#define DEBUG_NOFORK
 
 
 /* For testing as non-root on shadowed systems, include the crypt of a password
--- a/kex.h	Thu Nov 07 23:49:37 2013 +0800
+++ b/kex.h	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@
 		sign_key *hostkey);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef DROPBEAR_CURVE25519
+struct kex_curve25519_param *gen_kexcurve25519_param();
+void free_kexcurve25519_param(struct kex_curve25519_param *param);
+void kexcurve25519_comb_key(struct kex_curve25519_param *param, buffer *pub_them,
+		sign_key *hostkey);
+#endif
+
 #ifndef DISABLE_ZLIB
 int is_compress_trans();
 int is_compress_recv();
@@ -92,6 +99,18 @@
 };
 #endif
 
+#ifdef DROPBEAR_CURVE25519
+#define CURVE25519_LEN 32
+struct kex_curve25519_param {
+	unsigned char priv[CURVE25519_LEN];
+	unsigned char pub[CURVE25519_LEN];
+};
+
+/* No header file for curve25519_donna */
+int curve25519_donna(unsigned char *out, const unsigned char *secret, const unsigned char *other);
+#endif
+
+
 #define MAX_KEXHASHBUF 2000
 
 #endif /* _KEX_H_ */
--- a/options.h	Thu Nov 07 23:49:37 2013 +0800
+++ b/options.h	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -146,6 +146,8 @@
    This also requires a runtime flag "-R". */
 #define DROPBEAR_DELAY_HOSTKEY
 
+#define DROPBEAR_CURVE25519
+
 /* RSA can be vulnerable to timing attacks which use the time required for
  * signing to guess the private key. Blinding avoids this attack, though makes
  * signing operations slightly slower. */
--- a/session.h	Thu Nov 07 23:49:37 2013 +0800
+++ b/session.h	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@
 	// XXX - move these to kexstate?
 	struct kex_dh_param *dh_param;
 	struct kex_ecdh_param *ecdh_param;
+	struct kex_curve25519_param *curve25519_param;
 	const struct dropbear_kex *param_kex_algo; /* KEX algorithm corresponding to current dh_e and dh_x */
 
 	cli_kex_state kex_state; /* Used for progressing KEX */
--- a/svr-kex.c	Thu Nov 07 23:49:37 2013 +0800
+++ b/svr-kex.c	Fri Nov 08 23:32:13 2013 +0800
@@ -53,15 +53,22 @@
 		dropbear_exit("Premature kexdh_init message received");
 	}
 
-	if (IS_NORMAL_DH(ses.newkeys->algo_kex)) {
-		m_mp_init(&dh_e);
-		if (buf_getmpint(ses.payload, &dh_e) != DROPBEAR_SUCCESS) {
-			dropbear_exit("Failed to get kex value");
-		}
-	} else {
-#ifdef DROPBEAR_ECDH
-		ecdh_qs = buf_getstringbuf(ses.payload);
+	switch (ses.newkeys->algo_kex->mode) {
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_NORMAL_DH:
+			m_mp_init(&dh_e);
+			if (buf_getmpint(ses.payload, &dh_e) != DROPBEAR_SUCCESS) {
+				dropbear_exit("Bad kex value");
+			}
+			break;
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_ECDH:
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_CURVE25519:
+#if defined(DROPBEAR_ECDH) || defined(DROPBEAR_CURVE25519)
+			ecdh_qs = buf_getstringbuf(ses.payload);
+			if (ses.payload->pos != ses.payload->len) {
+				dropbear_exit("Bad kex value");
+			}
 #endif
+			break;
 	}
 
 	send_msg_kexdh_reply(&dh_e, ecdh_qs);
@@ -179,22 +186,38 @@
 	buf_put_pub_key(ses.writepayload, svr_opts.hostkey,
 			ses.newkeys->algo_hostkey);
 
-	if (IS_NORMAL_DH(ses.newkeys->algo_kex)) {
-		// Normal diffie-hellman
-		struct kex_dh_param * dh_param = gen_kexdh_param();
-		kexdh_comb_key(dh_param, dh_e, svr_opts.hostkey);
+	switch (ses.newkeys->algo_kex->mode) {
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_NORMAL_DH:
+			{
+			struct kex_dh_param * dh_param = gen_kexdh_param();
+			kexdh_comb_key(dh_param, dh_e, svr_opts.hostkey);
 
-		/* put f */
-		buf_putmpint(ses.writepayload, &dh_param->pub);
-		free_kexdh_param(dh_param);
-	} else {
+			/* put f */
+			buf_putmpint(ses.writepayload, &dh_param->pub);
+			free_kexdh_param(dh_param);
+			}
+			break;
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_ECDH:
 #ifdef DROPBEAR_ECDH
-		struct kex_ecdh_param *ecdh_param = gen_kexecdh_param();
-		kexecdh_comb_key(ecdh_param, ecdh_qs, svr_opts.hostkey);
+			{
+			struct kex_ecdh_param *ecdh_param = gen_kexecdh_param();
+			kexecdh_comb_key(ecdh_param, ecdh_qs, svr_opts.hostkey);
 
-		buf_put_ecc_raw_pubkey_string(ses.writepayload, &ecdh_param->key);
-		free_kexecdh_param(ecdh_param);
+			buf_put_ecc_raw_pubkey_string(ses.writepayload, &ecdh_param->key);
+			free_kexecdh_param(ecdh_param);
+			}
 #endif
+			break;
+		case DROPBEAR_KEX_CURVE25519:
+#ifdef DROPBEAR_CURVE25519
+			{
+			struct kex_curve25519_param *param = gen_kexcurve25519_param();
+			kexcurve25519_comb_key(param, ecdh_qs, svr_opts.hostkey);
+			buf_putstring(ses.writepayload, param->priv, CURVE25519_LEN);
+			free_kexcurve25519_param(param);
+			}
+#endif
+			break;
 	}
 
 	/* calc the signature */