Mercurial > templog
diff web/bottle.py @ 27:dbbd503119ba
Add some web server handling
| author | Matt Johnston <matt@ucc.asn.au> |
|---|---|
| date | Tue, 12 Jun 2012 00:09:09 +0800 |
| parents | |
| children | 317a1738f15c |
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/web/bottle.py Tue Jun 12 00:09:09 2012 +0800 @@ -0,0 +1,3214 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" +Bottle is a fast and simple micro-framework for small web applications. It +offers request dispatching (Routes) with url parameter support, templates, +a built-in HTTP Server and adapters for many third party WSGI/HTTP-server and +template engines - all in a single file and with no dependencies other than the +Python Standard Library. + +Homepage and documentation: http://bottlepy.org/ + +Copyright (c) 2011, Marcel Hellkamp. +License: MIT (see LICENSE for details) +""" + +from __future__ import with_statement + +__author__ = 'Marcel Hellkamp' +__version__ = '0.11.dev' +__license__ = 'MIT' + +# The gevent server adapter needs to patch some modules before they are imported +# This is why we parse the commandline parameters here but handle them later +if __name__ == '__main__': + from optparse import OptionParser + _cmd_parser = OptionParser(usage="usage: %prog [options] package.module:app") + _opt = _cmd_parser.add_option + _opt("--version", action="store_true", help="show version number.") + _opt("-b", "--bind", metavar="ADDRESS", help="bind socket to ADDRESS.") + _opt("-s", "--server", default='wsgiref', help="use SERVER as backend.") + _opt("-p", "--plugin", action="append", help="install additional plugin/s.") + _opt("--debug", action="store_true", help="start server in debug mode.") + _opt("--reload", action="store_true", help="auto-reload on file changes.") + _cmd_options, _cmd_args = _cmd_parser.parse_args() + if _cmd_options.server and _cmd_options.server.startswith('gevent'): + import gevent.monkey; gevent.monkey.patch_all() + +import base64, cgi, email.utils, functools, hmac, imp, itertools, mimetypes,\ + os, re, subprocess, sys, tempfile, threading, time, urllib, warnings + +from datetime import date as datedate, datetime, timedelta +from tempfile import TemporaryFile +from traceback import format_exc, print_exc + +try: from json import dumps as json_dumps, loads as json_lds +except ImportError: # pragma: no cover + try: from simplejson import dumps as json_dumps, loads as json_lds + except ImportError: + try: from django.utils.simplejson import dumps as json_dumps, loads as json_lds + except ImportError: + def json_dumps(data): + raise ImportError("JSON support requires Python 2.6 or simplejson.") + json_lds = json_dumps + + + +# We now try to fix 2.5/2.6/3.1/3.2 incompatibilities. +# It ain't pretty but it works... Sorry for the mess. + +py = sys.version_info +py3k = py >= (3,0,0) +py25 = py < (2,6,0) + +# Workaround for the missing "as" keyword in py3k. +def _e(): return sys.exc_info()[1] + +# Workaround for the "print is a keyword/function" Python 2/3 dilemma +# and a fallback for mod_wsgi (resticts stdout/err attribute access) +try: + _stdout, _stderr = sys.stdout.write, sys.stderr.write +except IOError: + _stdout = lambda x: sys.stdout.write(x) + _stderr = lambda x: sys.stderr.write(x) + +# Lots of stdlib and builtin differences. +if py3k: + import http.client as httplib + import _thread as thread + from urllib.parse import urljoin, parse_qsl, SplitResult as UrlSplitResult + from urllib.parse import urlencode, quote as urlquote, unquote as urlunquote + from http.cookies import SimpleCookie + from collections import MutableMapping as DictMixin + import pickle + from io import BytesIO + basestring = str + unicode = str + json_loads = lambda s: json_lds(touni(s)) + callable = lambda x: hasattr(x, '__call__') + imap = map +else: # 2.x + import httplib + import thread + from urlparse import urljoin, SplitResult as UrlSplitResult + from urllib import urlencode, quote as urlquote, unquote as urlunquote + from Cookie import SimpleCookie + from itertools import imap + import cPickle as pickle + from StringIO import StringIO as BytesIO + if py25: + msg = "Python 2.5 support may be dropped in future versions of Bottle." + warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning) + from cgi import parse_qsl + from UserDict import DictMixin + def next(it): return it.next() + bytes = str + else: # 2.6, 2.7 + from urlparse import parse_qsl + from collections import MutableMapping as DictMixin + json_loads = json_lds + +# Some helpers for string/byte handling +def tob(s, enc='utf8'): + return s.encode(enc) if isinstance(s, unicode) else bytes(s) +def touni(s, enc='utf8', err='strict'): + return s.decode(enc, err) if isinstance(s, bytes) else unicode(s) +tonat = touni if py3k else tob + +# 3.2 fixes cgi.FieldStorage to accept bytes (which makes a lot of sense). +# 3.1 needs a workaround. +NCTextIOWrapper = None +if (3,0,0) < py < (3,2,0): + from io import TextIOWrapper + class NCTextIOWrapper(TextIOWrapper): + def close(self): pass # Keep wrapped buffer open. + +# A bug in functools causes it to break if the wrapper is an instance method +def update_wrapper(wrapper, wrapped, *a, **ka): + try: functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, wrapped, *a, **ka) + except AttributeError: pass + + + +# These helpers are used at module level and need to be defined first. +# And yes, I know PEP-8, but sometimes a lower-case classname makes more sense. + +def depr(message): + warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3) + +def makelist(data): # This is just to handy + if isinstance(data, (tuple, list, set, dict)): return list(data) + elif data: return [data] + else: return [] + + +class DictProperty(object): + ''' Property that maps to a key in a local dict-like attribute. ''' + def __init__(self, attr, key=None, read_only=False): + self.attr, self.key, self.read_only = attr, key, read_only + + def __call__(self, func): + functools.update_wrapper(self, func, updated=[]) + self.getter, self.key = func, self.key or func.__name__ + return self + + def __get__(self, obj, cls): + if obj is None: return self + key, storage = self.key, getattr(obj, self.attr) + if key not in storage: storage[key] = self.getter(obj) + return storage[key] + + def __set__(self, obj, value): + if self.read_only: raise AttributeError("Read-Only property.") + getattr(obj, self.attr)[self.key] = value + + def __delete__(self, obj): + if self.read_only: raise AttributeError("Read-Only property.") + del getattr(obj, self.attr)[self.key] + + +class cached_property(object): + ''' A property that is only computed once per instance and then replaces + itself with an ordinary attribute. Deleting the attribute resets the + property. ''' + + def __init__(self, func): + self.func = func + + def __get__(self, obj, cls): + if obj is None: return self + value = obj.__dict__[self.func.__name__] = self.func(obj) + return value + + +class lazy_attribute(object): + ''' A property that caches itself to the class object. ''' + def __init__(self, func): + functools.update_wrapper(self, func, updated=[]) + self.getter = func + + def __get__(self, obj, cls): + value = self.getter(cls) + setattr(cls, self.__name__, value) + return value + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# Exceptions and Events ######################################################## +############################################################################### + + +class BottleException(Exception): + """ A base class for exceptions used by bottle. """ + pass + + +#TODO: This should subclass BaseRequest +class HTTPResponse(BottleException): + """ Used to break execution and immediately finish the response """ + def __init__(self, output='', status=200, header=None): + super(BottleException, self).__init__("HTTP Response %d" % status) + self.status = int(status) + self.output = output + self.headers = HeaderDict(header) if header else None + + def apply(self, response): + if self.headers: + for key, value in self.headers.allitems(): + response.headers[key] = value + response.status = self.status + + +class HTTPError(HTTPResponse): + """ Used to generate an error page """ + def __init__(self, code=500, output='Unknown Error', exception=None, + traceback=None, header=None): + super(HTTPError, self).__init__(output, code, header) + self.exception = exception + self.traceback = traceback + + def __repr__(self): + return tonat(template(ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE, e=self)) + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# Routing ###################################################################### +############################################################################### + + +class RouteError(BottleException): + """ This is a base class for all routing related exceptions """ + + +class RouteReset(BottleException): + """ If raised by a plugin or request handler, the route is reset and all + plugins are re-applied. """ + +class RouterUnknownModeError(RouteError): pass + + +class RouteSyntaxError(RouteError): + """ The route parser found something not supported by this router """ + + +class RouteBuildError(RouteError): + """ The route could not been built """ + + +class Router(object): + ''' A Router is an ordered collection of route->target pairs. It is used to + efficiently match WSGI requests against a number of routes and return + the first target that satisfies the request. The target may be anything, + usually a string, ID or callable object. A route consists of a path-rule + and a HTTP method. + + The path-rule is either a static path (e.g. `/contact`) or a dynamic + path that contains wildcards (e.g. `/wiki/<page>`). The wildcard syntax + and details on the matching order are described in docs:`routing`. + ''' + + default_pattern = '[^/]+' + default_filter = 're' + #: Sorry for the mess. It works. Trust me. + rule_syntax = re.compile('(\\\\*)'\ + '(?:(?::([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)?()(?:#(.*?)#)?)'\ + '|(?:<([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)?(?::([a-zA-Z_]*)'\ + '(?::((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\>]+)+)?)?)?>))') + + def __init__(self, strict=False): + self.rules = {} # A {rule: Rule} mapping + self.builder = {} # A rule/name->build_info mapping + self.static = {} # Cache for static routes: {path: {method: target}} + self.dynamic = [] # Cache for dynamic routes. See _compile() + #: If true, static routes are no longer checked first. + self.strict_order = strict + self.filters = {'re': self.re_filter, 'int': self.int_filter, + 'float': self.float_filter, 'path': self.path_filter} + + def re_filter(self, conf): + return conf or self.default_pattern, None, None + + def int_filter(self, conf): + return r'-?\d+', int, lambda x: str(int(x)) + + def float_filter(self, conf): + return r'-?[\d.]+', float, lambda x: str(float(x)) + + def path_filter(self, conf): + return r'.+?', None, None + + def add_filter(self, name, func): + ''' Add a filter. The provided function is called with the configuration + string as parameter and must return a (regexp, to_python, to_url) tuple. + The first element is a string, the last two are callables or None. ''' + self.filters[name] = func + + def parse_rule(self, rule): + ''' Parses a rule into a (name, filter, conf) token stream. If mode is + None, name contains a static rule part. ''' + offset, prefix = 0, '' + for match in self.rule_syntax.finditer(rule): + prefix += rule[offset:match.start()] + g = match.groups() + if len(g[0])%2: # Escaped wildcard + prefix += match.group(0)[len(g[0]):] + offset = match.end() + continue + if prefix: yield prefix, None, None + name, filtr, conf = g[1:4] if not g[2] is None else g[4:7] + if not filtr: filtr = self.default_filter + yield name, filtr, conf or None + offset, prefix = match.end(), '' + if offset <= len(rule) or prefix: + yield prefix+rule[offset:], None, None + + def add(self, rule, method, target, name=None): + ''' Add a new route or replace the target for an existing route. ''' + if rule in self.rules: + self.rules[rule][method] = target + if name: self.builder[name] = self.builder[rule] + return + + target = self.rules[rule] = {method: target} + + # Build pattern and other structures for dynamic routes + anons = 0 # Number of anonymous wildcards + pattern = '' # Regular expression pattern + filters = [] # Lists of wildcard input filters + builder = [] # Data structure for the URL builder + is_static = True + for key, mode, conf in self.parse_rule(rule): + if mode: + is_static = False + mask, in_filter, out_filter = self.filters[mode](conf) + if key: + pattern += '(?P<%s>%s)' % (key, mask) + else: + pattern += '(?:%s)' % mask + key = 'anon%d' % anons; anons += 1 + if in_filter: filters.append((key, in_filter)) + builder.append((key, out_filter or str)) + elif key: + pattern += re.escape(key) + builder.append((None, key)) + self.builder[rule] = builder + if name: self.builder[name] = builder + + if is_static and not self.strict_order: + self.static[self.build(rule)] = target + return + + def fpat_sub(m): + return m.group(0) if len(m.group(1)) % 2 else m.group(1) + '(?:' + flat_pattern = re.sub(r'(\\*)(\(\?P<[^>]*>|\((?!\?))', fpat_sub, pattern) + + try: + re_match = re.compile('^(%s)$' % pattern).match + except re.error: + raise RouteSyntaxError("Could not add Route: %s (%s)" % (rule, _e())) + + def match(path): + """ Return an url-argument dictionary. """ + url_args = re_match(path).groupdict() + for name, wildcard_filter in filters: + try: + url_args[name] = wildcard_filter(url_args[name]) + except ValueError: + raise HTTPError(400, 'Path has wrong format.') + return url_args + + try: + combined = '%s|(^%s$)' % (self.dynamic[-1][0].pattern, flat_pattern) + self.dynamic[-1] = (re.compile(combined), self.dynamic[-1][1]) + self.dynamic[-1][1].append((match, target)) + except (AssertionError, IndexError): # AssertionError: Too many groups + self.dynamic.append((re.compile('(^%s$)' % flat_pattern), + [(match, target)])) + return match + + def build(self, _name, *anons, **query): + ''' Build an URL by filling the wildcards in a rule. ''' + builder = self.builder.get(_name) + if not builder: raise RouteBuildError("No route with that name.", _name) + try: + for i, value in enumerate(anons): query['anon%d'%i] = value + url = ''.join([f(query.pop(n)) if n else f for (n,f) in builder]) + return url if not query else url+'?'+urlencode(query) + except KeyError: + raise RouteBuildError('Missing URL argument: %r' % _e().args[0]) + + def match(self, environ): + ''' Return a (target, url_agrs) tuple or raise HTTPError(400/404/405). ''' + path, targets, urlargs = environ['PATH_INFO'] or '/', None, {} + if path in self.static: + targets = self.static[path] + else: + for combined, rules in self.dynamic: + match = combined.match(path) + if not match: continue + getargs, targets = rules[match.lastindex - 1] + urlargs = getargs(path) if getargs else {} + break + + if not targets: + raise HTTPError(404, "Not found: " + repr(environ['PATH_INFO'])) + method = environ['REQUEST_METHOD'].upper() + if method in targets: + return targets[method], urlargs + if method == 'HEAD' and 'GET' in targets: + return targets['GET'], urlargs + if 'ANY' in targets: + return targets['ANY'], urlargs + allowed = [verb for verb in targets if verb != 'ANY'] + if 'GET' in allowed and 'HEAD' not in allowed: + allowed.append('HEAD') + raise HTTPError(405, "Method not allowed.", + header=[('Allow',",".join(allowed))]) + + +class Route(object): + ''' This class wraps a route callback along with route specific metadata and + configuration and applies Plugins on demand. It is also responsible for + turing an URL path rule into a regular expression usable by the Router. + ''' + + def __init__(self, app, rule, method, callback, name=None, + plugins=None, skiplist=None, **config): + #: The application this route is installed to. + self.app = app + #: The path-rule string (e.g. ``/wiki/:page``). + self.rule = rule + #: The HTTP method as a string (e.g. ``GET``). + self.method = method + #: The original callback with no plugins applied. Useful for introspection. + self.callback = callback + #: The name of the route (if specified) or ``None``. + self.name = name or None + #: A list of route-specific plugins (see :meth:`Bottle.route`). + self.plugins = plugins or [] + #: A list of plugins to not apply to this route (see :meth:`Bottle.route`). + self.skiplist = skiplist or [] + #: Additional keyword arguments passed to the :meth:`Bottle.route` + #: decorator are stored in this dictionary. Used for route-specific + #: plugin configuration and meta-data. + self.config = ConfigDict(config) + + def __call__(self, *a, **ka): + depr("Some APIs changed to return Route() instances instead of"\ + " callables. Make sure to use the Route.call method and not to"\ + " call Route instances directly.") + return self.call(*a, **ka) + + @cached_property + def call(self): + ''' The route callback with all plugins applied. This property is + created on demand and then cached to speed up subsequent requests.''' + return self._make_callback() + + def reset(self): + ''' Forget any cached values. The next time :attr:`call` is accessed, + all plugins are re-applied. ''' + self.__dict__.pop('call', None) + + def prepare(self): + ''' Do all on-demand work immediately (useful for debugging).''' + self.call + + @property + def _context(self): + depr('Switch to Plugin API v2 and access the Route object directly.') + return dict(rule=self.rule, method=self.method, callback=self.callback, + name=self.name, app=self.app, config=self.config, + apply=self.plugins, skip=self.skiplist) + + def all_plugins(self): + ''' Yield all Plugins affecting this route. ''' + unique = set() + for p in reversed(self.app.plugins + self.plugins): + if True in self.skiplist: break + name = getattr(p, 'name', False) + if name and (name in self.skiplist or name in unique): continue + if p in self.skiplist or type(p) in self.skiplist: continue + if name: unique.add(name) + yield p + + def _make_callback(self): + callback = self.callback + for plugin in self.all_plugins(): + try: + if hasattr(plugin, 'apply'): + api = getattr(plugin, 'api', 1) + context = self if api > 1 else self._context + callback = plugin.apply(callback, context) + else: + callback = plugin(callback) + except RouteReset: # Try again with changed configuration. + return self._make_callback() + if not callback is self.callback: + update_wrapper(callback, self.callback) + return callback + + def __repr__(self): + return '<%s %r %r>' % (self.method, self.rule, self.callback) + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# Application Object ########################################################### +############################################################################### + + +class Bottle(object): + """ Each Bottle object represents a single, distinct web application and + consists of routes, callbacks, plugins, resources and configuration. + Instances are callable WSGI applications. + + :param catchall: If true (default), handle all exceptions. Turn off to + let debugging middleware handle exceptions. + """ + + def __init__(self, catchall=True, autojson=True): + #: If true, most exceptions are caught and returned as :exc:`HTTPError` + self.catchall = catchall + + #: A :cls:`ResourceManager` for application files + self.resources = ResourceManager() + + #: A :cls:`ConfigDict` for app specific configuration. + self.config = ConfigDict() + self.config.autojson = autojson + + self.routes = [] # List of installed :class:`Route` instances. + self.router = Router() # Maps requests to :class:`Route` instances. + self.error_handler = {} + + # Core plugins + self.plugins = [] # List of installed plugins. + self.hooks = HooksPlugin() + self.install(self.hooks) + if self.config.autojson: + self.install(JSONPlugin()) + self.install(TemplatePlugin()) + + + def mount(self, prefix, app, **options): + ''' Mount an application (:class:`Bottle` or plain WSGI) to a specific + URL prefix. Example:: + + root_app.mount('/admin/', admin_app) + + :param prefix: path prefix or `mount-point`. If it ends in a slash, + that slash is mandatory. + :param app: an instance of :class:`Bottle` or a WSGI application. + + All other parameters are passed to the underlying :meth:`route` call. + ''' + if isinstance(app, basestring): + prefix, app = app, prefix + depr('Parameter order of Bottle.mount() changed.') # 0.10 + + segments = [p for p in prefix.split('/') if p] + if not segments: raise ValueError('Empty path prefix.') + path_depth = len(segments) + + def mountpoint_wrapper(): + try: + request.path_shift(path_depth) + rs = BaseResponse([], 200) + def start_response(status, header): + rs.status = status + for name, value in header: rs.add_header(name, value) + return rs.body.append + body = app(request.environ, start_response) + body = itertools.chain(rs.body, body) + return HTTPResponse(body, rs.status_code, rs.headers) + finally: + request.path_shift(-path_depth) + + options.setdefault('skip', True) + options.setdefault('method', 'ANY') + options.setdefault('mountpoint', {'prefix': prefix, 'target': app}) + options['callback'] = mountpoint_wrapper + + self.route('/%s/<:re:.*>' % '/'.join(segments), **options) + if not prefix.endswith('/'): + self.route('/' + '/'.join(segments), **options) + + def merge(self, routes): + ''' Merge the routes of another :class:`Bottle` application or a list of + :class:`Route` objects into this application. The routes keep their + 'owner', meaning that the :data:`Route.app` attribute is not + changed. ''' + if isinstance(routes, Bottle): + routes = routes.routes + for route in routes: + self.add_route(route) + + def install(self, plugin): + ''' Add a plugin to the list of plugins and prepare it for being + applied to all routes of this application. A plugin may be a simple + decorator or an object that implements the :class:`Plugin` API. + ''' + if hasattr(plugin, 'setup'): plugin.setup(self) + if not callable(plugin) and not hasattr(plugin, 'apply'): + raise TypeError("Plugins must be callable or implement .apply()") + self.plugins.append(plugin) + self.reset() + return plugin + + def uninstall(self, plugin): + ''' Uninstall plugins. Pass an instance to remove a specific plugin, a type + object to remove all plugins that match that type, a string to remove + all plugins with a matching ``name`` attribute or ``True`` to remove all + plugins. Return the list of removed plugins. ''' + removed, remove = [], plugin + for i, plugin in list(enumerate(self.plugins))[::-1]: + if remove is True or remove is plugin or remove is type(plugin) \ + or getattr(plugin, 'name', True) == remove: + removed.append(plugin) + del self.plugins[i] + if hasattr(plugin, 'close'): plugin.close() + if removed: self.reset() + return removed + + def run(self, **kwargs): + ''' Calls :func:`run` with the same parameters. ''' + run(self, **kwargs) + + def reset(self, route=None): + ''' Reset all routes (force plugins to be re-applied) and clear all + caches. If an ID or route object is given, only that specific route + is affected. ''' + if route is None: routes = self.routes + elif isinstance(route, Route): routes = [route] + else: routes = [self.routes[route]] + for route in routes: route.reset() + if DEBUG: + for route in routes: route.prepare() + self.hooks.trigger('app_reset') + + def close(self): + ''' Close the application and all installed plugins. ''' + for plugin in self.plugins: + if hasattr(plugin, 'close'): plugin.close() + self.stopped = True + + def match(self, environ): + """ Search for a matching route and return a (:class:`Route` , urlargs) + tuple. The second value is a dictionary with parameters extracted + from the URL. Raise :exc:`HTTPError` (404/405) on a non-match.""" + return self.router.match(environ) + + def get_url(self, routename, **kargs): + """ Return a string that matches a named route """ + scriptname = request.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '').strip('/') + '/' + location = self.router.build(routename, **kargs).lstrip('/') + return urljoin(urljoin('/', scriptname), location) + + def add_route(self, route): + ''' Add a route object, but do not change the :data:`Route.app` + attribute.''' + self.routes.append(route) + self.router.add(route.rule, route.method, route, name=route.name) + if DEBUG: route.prepare() + + def route(self, path=None, method='GET', callback=None, name=None, + apply=None, skip=None, **config): + """ A decorator to bind a function to a request URL. Example:: + + @app.route('/hello/:name') + def hello(name): + return 'Hello %s' % name + + The ``:name`` part is a wildcard. See :class:`Router` for syntax + details. + + :param path: Request path or a list of paths to listen to. If no + path is specified, it is automatically generated from the + signature of the function. + :param method: HTTP method (`GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, ...) or a list of + methods to listen to. (default: `GET`) + :param callback: An optional shortcut to avoid the decorator + syntax. ``route(..., callback=func)`` equals ``route(...)(func)`` + :param name: The name for this route. (default: None) + :param apply: A decorator or plugin or a list of plugins. These are + applied to the route callback in addition to installed plugins. + :param skip: A list of plugins, plugin classes or names. Matching + plugins are not installed to this route. ``True`` skips all. + + Any additional keyword arguments are stored as route-specific + configuration and passed to plugins (see :meth:`Plugin.apply`). + """ + if callable(path): path, callback = None, path + plugins = makelist(apply) + skiplist = makelist(skip) + def decorator(callback): + # TODO: Documentation and tests + if isinstance(callback, basestring): callback = load(callback) + for rule in makelist(path) or yieldroutes(callback): + for verb in makelist(method): + verb = verb.upper() + route = Route(self, rule, verb, callback, name=name, + plugins=plugins, skiplist=skiplist, **config) + self.add_route(route) + return callback + return decorator(callback) if callback else decorator + + def get(self, path=None, method='GET', **options): + """ Equals :meth:`route`. """ + return self.route(path, method, **options) + + def post(self, path=None, method='POST', **options): + """ Equals :meth:`route` with a ``POST`` method parameter. """ + return self.route(path, method, **options) + + def put(self, path=None, method='PUT', **options): + """ Equals :meth:`route` with a ``PUT`` method parameter. """ + return self.route(path, method, **options) + + def delete(self, path=None, method='DELETE', **options): + """ Equals :meth:`route` with a ``DELETE`` method parameter. """ + return self.route(path, method, **options) + + def error(self, code=500): + """ Decorator: Register an output handler for a HTTP error code""" + def wrapper(handler): + self.error_handler[int(code)] = handler + return handler + return wrapper + + def hook(self, name): + """ Return a decorator that attaches a callback to a hook. Three hooks + are currently implemented: + + - before_request: Executed once before each request + - after_request: Executed once after each request + - app_reset: Called whenever :meth:`reset` is called. + """ + def wrapper(func): + self.hooks.add(name, func) + return func + return wrapper + + def handle(self, path, method='GET'): + """ (deprecated) Execute the first matching route callback and return + the result. :exc:`HTTPResponse` exceptions are caught and returned. + If :attr:`Bottle.catchall` is true, other exceptions are caught as + well and returned as :exc:`HTTPError` instances (500). + """ + depr("This method will change semantics in 0.10. Try to avoid it.") + if isinstance(path, dict): + return self._handle(path) + return self._handle({'PATH_INFO': path, 'REQUEST_METHOD': method.upper()}) + + def _handle(self, environ): + try: + environ['bottle.app'] = self + request.bind(environ) + response.bind() + route, args = self.router.match(environ) + environ['route.handle'] = environ['bottle.route'] = route + environ['route.url_args'] = args + return route.call(**args) + except HTTPResponse: + return _e() + except RouteReset: + route.reset() + return self._handle(environ) + except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError): + raise + except Exception: + if not self.catchall: raise + stacktrace = format_exc() + environ['wsgi.errors'].write(stacktrace) + return HTTPError(500, "Internal Server Error", _e(), stacktrace) + + def _cast(self, out, peek=None): + """ Try to convert the parameter into something WSGI compatible and set + correct HTTP headers when possible. + Support: False, str, unicode, dict, HTTPResponse, HTTPError, file-like, + iterable of strings and iterable of unicodes + """ + + # Empty output is done here + if not out: + response['Content-Length'] = 0 + return [] + # Join lists of byte or unicode strings. Mixed lists are NOT supported + if isinstance(out, (tuple, list))\ + and isinstance(out[0], (bytes, unicode)): + out = out[0][0:0].join(out) # b'abc'[0:0] -> b'' + # Encode unicode strings + if isinstance(out, unicode): + out = out.encode(response.charset) + # Byte Strings are just returned + if isinstance(out, bytes): + response['Content-Length'] = len(out) + return [out] + # HTTPError or HTTPException (recursive, because they may wrap anything) + # TODO: Handle these explicitly in handle() or make them iterable. + if isinstance(out, HTTPError): + out.apply(response) + out = self.error_handler.get(out.status, repr)(out) + if isinstance(out, HTTPResponse): + depr('Error handlers must not return :exc:`HTTPResponse`.') #0.9 + return self._cast(out) + if isinstance(out, HTTPResponse): + out.apply(response) + return self._cast(out.output) + + # File-like objects. + if hasattr(out, 'read'): + if 'wsgi.file_wrapper' in request.environ: + return request.environ['wsgi.file_wrapper'](out) + elif hasattr(out, 'close') or not hasattr(out, '__iter__'): + return WSGIFileWrapper(out) + + # Handle Iterables. We peek into them to detect their inner type. + try: + out = iter(out) + first = next(out) + while not first: + first = next(out) + except StopIteration: + return self._cast('') + except HTTPResponse: + first = _e() + except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError): + raise + except Exception: + if not self.catchall: raise + first = HTTPError(500, 'Unhandled exception', _e(), format_exc()) + + # These are the inner types allowed in iterator or generator objects. + if isinstance(first, HTTPResponse): + return self._cast(first) + if isinstance(first, bytes): + return itertools.chain([first], out) + if isinstance(first, unicode): + return imap(lambda x: x.encode(response.charset), + itertools.chain([first], out)) + return self._cast(HTTPError(500, 'Unsupported response type: %s'\ + % type(first))) + + def wsgi(self, environ, start_response): + """ The bottle WSGI-interface. """ + try: + out = self._cast(self._handle(environ)) + # rfc2616 section 4.3 + if response._status_code in (100, 101, 204, 304)\ + or request.method == 'HEAD': + if hasattr(out, 'close'): out.close() + out = [] + if isinstance(response._status_line, unicode): + response._status_line = str(response._status_line) + start_response(response._status_line, list(response.iter_headers())) + return out + except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError): + raise + except Exception: + if not self.catchall: raise + err = '<h1>Critical error while processing request: %s</h1>' \ + % html_escape(environ.get('PATH_INFO', '/')) + if DEBUG: + err += '<h2>Error:</h2>\n<pre>\n%s\n</pre>\n' \ + '<h2>Traceback:</h2>\n<pre>\n%s\n</pre>\n' \ + % (html_escape(repr(_e())), html_escape(format_exc())) + environ['wsgi.errors'].write(err) + headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8')] + start_response('500 INTERNAL SERVER ERROR', headers) + return [tob(err)] + + def __call__(self, environ, start_response): + ''' Each instance of :class:'Bottle' is a WSGI application. ''' + return self.wsgi(environ, start_response) + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# HTTP and WSGI Tools ########################################################## +############################################################################### + + +class BaseRequest(object): + """ A wrapper for WSGI environment dictionaries that adds a lot of + convenient access methods and properties. Most of them are read-only. + + Adding new attributes to a request actually adds them to the environ + dictionary (as 'bottle.request.ext.<name>'). This is the recommended + way to store and access request-specific data. + """ + + __slots__ = ('environ') + + #: Maximum size of memory buffer for :attr:`body` in bytes. + MEMFILE_MAX = 102400 + #: Maximum number pr GET or POST parameters per request + MAX_PARAMS = 100 + + def __init__(self, environ=None): + """ Wrap a WSGI environ dictionary. """ + #: The wrapped WSGI environ dictionary. This is the only real attribute. + #: All other attributes actually are read-only properties. + self.environ = {} if environ is None else environ + self.environ['bottle.request'] = self + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.app', read_only=True) + def app(self): + ''' Bottle application handling this request. ''' + raise RuntimeError('This request is not connected to an application.') + + @property + def path(self): + ''' The value of ``PATH_INFO`` with exactly one prefixed slash (to fix + broken clients and avoid the "empty path" edge case). ''' + return '/' + self.environ.get('PATH_INFO','').lstrip('/') + + @property + def method(self): + ''' The ``REQUEST_METHOD`` value as an uppercase string. ''' + return self.environ.get('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET').upper() + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.headers', read_only=True) + def headers(self): + ''' A :class:`WSGIHeaderDict` that provides case-insensitive access to + HTTP request headers. ''' + return WSGIHeaderDict(self.environ) + + def get_header(self, name, default=None): + ''' Return the value of a request header, or a given default value. ''' + return self.headers.get(name, default) + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.cookies', read_only=True) + def cookies(self): + """ Cookies parsed into a :class:`FormsDict`. Signed cookies are NOT + decoded. Use :meth:`get_cookie` if you expect signed cookies. """ + cookies = SimpleCookie(self.environ.get('HTTP_COOKIE','')) + cookies = list(cookies.values())[:self.MAX_PARAMS] + return FormsDict((c.key, c.value) for c in cookies) + + def get_cookie(self, key, default=None, secret=None): + """ Return the content of a cookie. To read a `Signed Cookie`, the + `secret` must match the one used to create the cookie (see + :meth:`BaseResponse.set_cookie`). If anything goes wrong (missing + cookie or wrong signature), return a default value. """ + value = self.cookies.get(key) + if secret and value: + dec = cookie_decode(value, secret) # (key, value) tuple or None + return dec[1] if dec and dec[0] == key else default + return value or default + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.query', read_only=True) + def query(self): + ''' The :attr:`query_string` parsed into a :class:`FormsDict`. These + values are sometimes called "URL arguments" or "GET parameters", but + not to be confused with "URL wildcards" as they are provided by the + :class:`Router`. ''' + pairs = parse_qsl(self.query_string, keep_blank_values=True) + get = self.environ['bottle.get'] = FormsDict() + for key, value in pairs[:self.MAX_PARAMS]: + get[key] = value + return get + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.forms', read_only=True) + def forms(self): + """ Form values parsed from an `url-encoded` or `multipart/form-data` + encoded POST or PUT request body. The result is retuned as a + :class:`FormsDict`. All keys and values are strings. File uploads + are stored separately in :attr:`files`. """ + forms = FormsDict() + for name, item in self.POST.allitems(): + if not hasattr(item, 'filename'): + forms[name] = item + return forms + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.params', read_only=True) + def params(self): + """ A :class:`FormsDict` with the combined values of :attr:`query` and + :attr:`forms`. File uploads are stored in :attr:`files`. """ + params = FormsDict() + for key, value in self.query.allitems(): + params[key] = value + for key, value in self.forms.allitems(): + params[key] = value + return params + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.files', read_only=True) + def files(self): + """ File uploads parsed from an `url-encoded` or `multipart/form-data` + encoded POST or PUT request body. The values are instances of + :class:`cgi.FieldStorage`. The most important attributes are: + + filename + The filename, if specified; otherwise None; this is the client + side filename, *not* the file name on which it is stored (that's + a temporary file you don't deal with) + file + The file(-like) object from which you can read the data. + value + The value as a *string*; for file uploads, this transparently + reads the file every time you request the value. Do not do this + on big files. + """ + files = FormsDict() + for name, item in self.POST.allitems(): + if hasattr(item, 'filename'): + files[name] = item + return files + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.json', read_only=True) + def json(self): + ''' If the ``Content-Type`` header is ``application/json``, this + property holds the parsed content of the request body. Only requests + smaller than :attr:`MEMFILE_MAX` are processed to avoid memory + exhaustion. ''' + if 'application/json' in self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '') \ + and 0 < self.content_length < self.MEMFILE_MAX: + return json_loads(self.body.read(self.MEMFILE_MAX)) + return None + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.body', read_only=True) + def _body(self): + maxread = max(0, self.content_length) + stream = self.environ['wsgi.input'] + body = BytesIO() if maxread < self.MEMFILE_MAX else TemporaryFile(mode='w+b') + while maxread > 0: + part = stream.read(min(maxread, self.MEMFILE_MAX)) + if not part: break + body.write(part) + maxread -= len(part) + self.environ['wsgi.input'] = body + body.seek(0) + return body + + @property + def body(self): + """ The HTTP request body as a seek-able file-like object. Depending on + :attr:`MEMFILE_MAX`, this is either a temporary file or a + :class:`io.BytesIO` instance. Accessing this property for the first + time reads and replaces the ``wsgi.input`` environ variable. + Subsequent accesses just do a `seek(0)` on the file object. """ + self._body.seek(0) + return self._body + + #: An alias for :attr:`query`. + GET = query + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.post', read_only=True) + def POST(self): + """ The values of :attr:`forms` and :attr:`files` combined into a single + :class:`FormsDict`. Values are either strings (form values) or + instances of :class:`cgi.FieldStorage` (file uploads). + """ + post = FormsDict() + safe_env = {'QUERY_STRING':''} # Build a safe environment for cgi + for key in ('REQUEST_METHOD', 'CONTENT_TYPE', 'CONTENT_LENGTH'): + if key in self.environ: safe_env[key] = self.environ[key] + if NCTextIOWrapper: + fb = NCTextIOWrapper(self.body, encoding='ISO-8859-1', newline='\n') + else: + fb = self.body + data = cgi.FieldStorage(fp=fb, environ=safe_env, keep_blank_values=True) + for item in (data.list or [])[:self.MAX_PARAMS]: + post[item.name] = item if item.filename else item.value + return post + + @property + def COOKIES(self): + ''' Alias for :attr:`cookies` (deprecated). ''' + depr('BaseRequest.COOKIES was renamed to BaseRequest.cookies (lowercase).') + return self.cookies + + @property + def url(self): + """ The full request URI including hostname and scheme. If your app + lives behind a reverse proxy or load balancer and you get confusing + results, make sure that the ``X-Forwarded-Host`` header is set + correctly. """ + return self.urlparts.geturl() + + @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.urlparts', read_only=True) + def urlparts(self): + ''' The :attr:`url` string as an :class:`urlparse.SplitResult` tuple. + The tuple contains (scheme, host, path, query_string and fragment), + but the fragment is always empty because it is not visible to the + server. ''' + env = self.environ + http = env.get('wsgi.url_scheme', 'http') + host = env.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST') or env.get('HTTP_HOST') + if not host: + # HTTP 1.1 requires a Host-header. This is for HTTP/1.0 clients. + host = env.get('SERVER_NAME', '127.0.0.1') + port = env.get('SERVER_PORT') + if port and port != ('80' if http == 'http' else '443'): + host += ':' + port + path = urlquote(self.fullpath) + return UrlSplitResult(http, host, path, env.get('QUERY_STRING'), '') + + @property + def fullpath(self): + """ Request path including :attr:`script_name` (if present). """ + return urljoin(self.script_name, self.path.lstrip('/')) + + @property + def query_string(self): + """ The raw :attr:`query` part of the URL (everything in between ``?`` + and ``#``) as a string. """ + return self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '') + + @property + def script_name(self): + ''' The initial portion of the URL's `path` that was removed by a higher + level (server or routing middleware) before the application was + called. This script path is returned with leading and tailing + slashes. ''' + script_name = self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '').strip('/') + return '/' + script_name + '/' if script_name else '/' + + def path_shift(self, shift=1): + ''' Shift path segments from :attr:`path` to :attr:`script_name` and + vice versa. + + :param shift: The number of path segments to shift. May be negative + to change the shift direction. (default: 1) + ''' + script = self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME','/') + self['SCRIPT_NAME'], self['PATH_INFO'] = path_shift(script, self.path, shift) + + @property + def content_length(self): + ''' The request body length as an integer. The client is responsible to + set this header. Otherwise, the real length of the body is unknown + and -1 is returned. In this case, :attr:`body` will be empty. ''' + return int(self.environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH') or -1) + + @property + def is_xhr(self): + ''' True if the request was triggered by a XMLHttpRequest. This only + works with JavaScript libraries that support the `X-Requested-With` + header (most of the popular libraries do). ''' + requested_with = self.environ.get('HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH','') + return requested_with.lower() == 'xmlhttprequest' + + @property + def is_ajax(self): + ''' Alias for :attr:`is_xhr`. "Ajax" is not the right term. ''' + return self.is_xhr + + @property + def auth(self): + """ HTTP authentication data as a (user, password) tuple. This + implementation currently supports basic (not digest) authentication + only. If the authentication happened at a higher level (e.g. in the + front web-server or a middleware), the password field is None, but + the user field is looked up from the ``REMOTE_USER`` environ + variable. On any errors, None is returned. """ + basic = parse_auth(self.environ.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION','')) + if basic: return basic + ruser = self.environ.get('REMOTE_USER') + if ruser: return (ruser, None) + return None + + @property + def remote_route(self): + """ A list of all IPs that were involved in this request, starting with + the client IP and followed by zero or more proxies. This does only + work if all proxies support the ```X-Forwarded-For`` header. Note + that this information can be forged by malicious clients. """ + proxy = self.environ.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR') + if proxy: return [ip.strip() for ip in proxy.split(',')] + remote = self.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') + return [remote] if remote else [] + + @property + def remote_addr(self): + """ The client IP as a string. Note that this information can be forged + by malicious clients. """ + route = self.remote_route + return route[0] if route else None + + def copy(self): + """ Return a new :class:`Request` with a shallow :attr:`environ` copy. """ + return Request(self.environ.copy()) + + def get(self, value, default=None): return self.environ.get(value, default) + def __getitem__(self, key): return self.environ[key] + def __delitem__(self, key): self[key] = ""; del(self.environ[key]) + def __iter__(self): return iter(self.environ) + def __len__(self): return len(self.environ) + def keys(self): return self.environ.keys() + def __setitem__(self, key, value): + """ Change an environ value and clear all caches that depend on it. """ + + if self.environ.get('bottle.request.readonly'): + raise KeyError('The environ dictionary is read-only.') + + self.environ[key] = value + todelete = () + + if key == 'wsgi.input': + todelete = ('body', 'forms', 'files', 'params', 'post', 'json') + elif key == 'QUERY_STRING': + todelete = ('query', 'params') + elif key.startswith('HTTP_'): + todelete = ('headers', 'cookies') + + for key in todelete: + self.environ.pop('bottle.request.'+key, None) + + def __repr__(self): + return '<%s: %s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.method, self.url) + + def __getattr__(self, name): + ''' Search in self.environ for additional user defined attributes. ''' + try: + var = self.environ['bottle.request.ext.%s'%name] + return var.__get__(self) if hasattr(var, '__get__') else var + except KeyError: + raise AttributeError('Attribute %r not defined.' % name) + + def __setattr__(self, name, value): + if name == 'environ': return object.__setattr__(self, name, value) + self.environ['bottle.request.ext.%s'%name] = value + + + + +def _hkey(s): + return s.title().replace('_','-') + + +class HeaderProperty(object): + def __init__(self, name, reader=None, writer=str, default=''): + self.name, self.default = name, default + self.reader, self.writer = reader, writer + self.__doc__ = 'Current value of the %r header.' % name.title() + + def __get__(self, obj, cls): + if obj is None: return self + value = obj.headers.get(self.name, self.default) + return self.reader(value) if self.reader else value + + def __set__(self, obj, value): + obj.headers[self.name] = self.writer(value) + + def __delete__(self, obj): + del obj.headers[self.name] + + +class BaseResponse(object): + """ Storage class for a response body as well as headers and cookies. + + This class does support dict-like case-insensitive item-access to + headers, but is NOT a dict. Most notably, iterating over a response + yields parts of the body and not the headers. + """ + + default_status = 200 + default_content_type = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' + + # Header blacklist for specific response codes + # (rfc2616 section 10.2.3 and 10.3.5) + bad_headers = { + 204: set(('Content-Type',)), + 304: set(('Allow', 'Content-Encoding', 'Content-Language', + 'Content-Length', 'Content-Range', 'Content-Type', + 'Content-Md5', 'Last-Modified'))} + + def __init__(self, body='', status=None, **headers): + self._status_line = None + self._status_code = None + self._cookies = None + self._headers = {'Content-Type': [self.default_content_type]} + self.body = body + self.status = status or self.default_status + if headers: + for name, value in headers.items(): + self[name] = value + + def copy(self): + ''' Returns a copy of self. ''' + copy = Response() + copy.status = self.status + copy._headers = dict((k, v[:]) for (k, v) in self._headers.items()) + return copy + + def __iter__(self): + return iter(self.body) + + def close(self): + if hasattr(self.body, 'close'): + self.body.close() + + @property + def status_line(self): + ''' The HTTP status line as a string (e.g. ``404 Not Found``).''' + return self._status_line + + @property + def status_code(self): + ''' The HTTP status code as an integer (e.g. 404).''' + return self._status_code + + def _set_status(self, status): + if isinstance(status, int): + code, status = status, _HTTP_STATUS_LINES.get(status) + elif ' ' in status: + status = status.strip() + code = int(status.split()[0]) + else: + raise ValueError('String status line without a reason phrase.') + if not 100 <= code <= 999: raise ValueError('Status code out of range.') + self._status_code = code + self._status_line = status or ('%d Unknown' % code) + + def _get_status(self): + return self._status_line + + status = property(_get_status, _set_status, None, + ''' A writeable property to change the HTTP response status. It accepts + either a numeric code (100-999) or a string with a custom reason + phrase (e.g. "404 Brain not found"). Both :data:`status_line` and + :data:`status_code` are updated accordingly. The return value is + always a status string. ''') + del _get_status, _set_status + + @property + def headers(self): + ''' An instance of :class:`HeaderDict`, a case-insensitive dict-like + view on the response headers. ''' + self.__dict__['headers'] = hdict = HeaderDict() + hdict.dict = self._headers + return hdict + + def __contains__(self, name): return _hkey(name) in self._headers + def __delitem__(self, name): del self._headers[_hkey(name)] + def __getitem__(self, name): return self._headers[_hkey(name)][-1] + def __setitem__(self, name, value): self._headers[_hkey(name)] = [str(value)] + + def get_header(self, name, default=None): + ''' Return the value of a previously defined header. If there is no + header with that name, return a default value. ''' + return self._headers.get(_hkey(name), [default])[-1] + + def set_header(self, name, value, append=False): + ''' Create a new response header, replacing any previously defined + headers with the same name. ''' + if append: + self.add_header(name, value) + else: + self._headers[_hkey(name)] = [str(value)] + + def add_header(self, name, value): + ''' Add an additional response header, not removing duplicates. ''' + self._headers.setdefault(_hkey(name), []).append(str(value)) + + def iter_headers(self): + ''' Yield (header, value) tuples, skipping headers that are not + allowed with the current response status code. ''' + headers = self._headers.items() + bad_headers = self.bad_headers.get(self._status_code) + if bad_headers: + headers = [h for h in headers if h[0] not in bad_headers] + for name, values in headers: + for value in values: + yield name, value + if self._cookies: + for c in self._cookies.values(): + yield 'Set-Cookie', c.OutputString() + + def wsgiheader(self): + depr('The wsgiheader method is deprecated. See headerlist.') #0.10 + return self.headerlist + + @property + def headerlist(self): + ''' WSGI conform list of (header, value) tuples. ''' + return list(self.iter_headers()) + + content_type = HeaderProperty('Content-Type') + content_length = HeaderProperty('Content-Length', reader=int) + + @property + def charset(self): + """ Return the charset specified in the content-type header (default: utf8). """ + if 'charset=' in self.content_type: + return self.content_type.split('charset=')[-1].split(';')[0].strip() + return 'UTF-8' + + @property + def COOKIES(self): + """ A dict-like SimpleCookie instance. This should not be used directly. + See :meth:`set_cookie`. """ + depr('The COOKIES dict is deprecated. Use `set_cookie()` instead.') # 0.10 + if not self._cookies: + self._cookies = SimpleCookie() + return self._cookies + + def set_cookie(self, name, value, secret=None, **options): + ''' Create a new cookie or replace an old one. If the `secret` parameter is + set, create a `Signed Cookie` (described below). + + :param name: the name of the cookie. + :param value: the value of the cookie. + :param secret: a signature key required for signed cookies. + + Additionally, this method accepts all RFC 2109 attributes that are + supported by :class:`cookie.Morsel`, including: + + :param max_age: maximum age in seconds. (default: None) + :param expires: a datetime object or UNIX timestamp. (default: None) + :param domain: the domain that is allowed to read the cookie. + (default: current domain) + :param path: limits the cookie to a given path (default: current path) + :param secure: limit the cookie to HTTPS connections (default: off). + :param httponly: prevents client-side javascript to read this cookie + (default: off, requires Python 2.6 or newer). + + If neither `expires` nor `max_age` is set (default), the cookie will + expire at the end of the browser session (as soon as the browser + window is closed). + + Signed cookies may store any pickle-able object and are + cryptographically signed to prevent manipulation. Keep in mind that + cookies are limited to 4kb in most browsers. + + Warning: Signed cookies are not encrypted (the client can still see + the content) and not copy-protected (the client can restore an old + cookie). The main intention is to make pickling and unpickling + save, not to store secret information at client side. + ''' + if not self._cookies: + self._cookies = SimpleCookie() + + if secret: + value = touni(cookie_encode((name, value), secret)) + elif not isinstance(value, basestring): + raise TypeError('Secret key missing for non-string Cookie.') + + if len(value) > 4096: raise ValueError('Cookie value to long.') + self._cookies[name] = value + + for key, value in options.items(): + if key == 'max_age': + if isinstance(value, timedelta): + value = value.seconds + value.days * 24 * 3600 + if key == 'expires': + if isinstance(value, (datedate, datetime)): + value = value.timetuple() + elif isinstance(value, (int, float)): + value = time.gmtime(value) + value = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", value) + self._cookies[name][key.replace('_', '-')] = value + + def delete_cookie(self, key, **kwargs): + ''' Delete a cookie. Be sure to use the same `domain` and `path` + settings as used to create the cookie. ''' + kwargs['max_age'] = -1 + kwargs['expires'] = 0 + self.set_cookie(key, '', **kwargs) + + def __repr__(self): + out = '' + for name, value in self.headerlist: + out += '%s: %s\n' % (name.title(), value.strip()) + return out + +#: Thread-local storage for :class:`LocalRequest` and :class:`LocalResponse` +#: attributes. +_lctx = threading.local() + +def local_property(name): + def fget(self): + try: + return getattr(_lctx, name) + except AttributeError: + raise RuntimeError("Request context not initialized.") + def fset(self, value): setattr(_lctx, name, value) + def fdel(self): delattr(_lctx, name) + return property(fget, fset, fdel, + 'Thread-local property stored in :data:`_lctx.%s`' % name) + + +class LocalRequest(BaseRequest): + ''' A thread-local subclass of :class:`BaseRequest` with a different + set of attribues for each thread. There is usually only one global + instance of this class (:data:`request`). If accessed during a + request/response cycle, this instance always refers to the *current* + request (even on a multithreaded server). ''' + bind = BaseRequest.__init__ + environ = local_property('request_environ') + + +class LocalResponse(BaseResponse): + ''' A thread-local subclass of :class:`BaseResponse` with a different + set of attribues for each thread. There is usually only one global + instance of this class (:data:`response`). Its attributes are used + to build the HTTP response at the end of the request/response cycle. + ''' + bind = BaseResponse.__init__ + _status_line = local_property('response_status_line') + _status_code = local_property('response_status_code') + _cookies = local_property('response_cookies') + _headers = local_property('response_headers') + body = local_property('response_body') + +Response = LocalResponse # BC 0.9 +Request = LocalRequest # BC 0.9 + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# Plugins ###################################################################### +############################################################################### + +class PluginError(BottleException): pass + +class JSONPlugin(object): + name = 'json' + api = 2 + + def __init__(self, json_dumps=json_dumps): + self.json_dumps = json_dumps + + def apply(self, callback, context): + dumps = self.json_dumps + if not dumps: return callback + def wrapper(*a, **ka): + rv = callback(*a, **ka) + if isinstance(rv, dict): + #Attempt to serialize, raises exception on failure + json_response = dumps(rv) + #Set content type only if serialization succesful + response.content_type = 'application/json' + return json_response + return rv + return wrapper + + +class HooksPlugin(object): + name = 'hooks' + api = 2 + + _names = 'before_request', 'after_request', 'app_reset' + + def __init__(self): + self.hooks = dict((name, []) for name in self._names) + self.app = None + + def _empty(self): + return not (self.hooks['before_request'] or self.hooks['after_request']) + + def setup(self, app): + self.app = app + + def add(self, name, func): + ''' Attach a callback to a hook. ''' + was_empty = self._empty() + self.hooks.setdefault(name, []).append(func) + if self.app and was_empty and not self._empty(): self.app.reset() + + def remove(self, name, func): + ''' Remove a callback from a hook. ''' + was_empty = self._empty() + if name in self.hooks and func in self.hooks[name]: + self.hooks[name].remove(func) + if self.app and not was_empty and self._empty(): self.app.reset() + + def trigger(self, name, *a, **ka): + ''' Trigger a hook and return a list of results. ''' + hooks = self.hooks[name] + if ka.pop('reversed', False): hooks = hooks[::-1] + return [hook(*a, **ka) for hook in hooks] + + def apply(self, callback, context): + if self._empty(): return callback + def wrapper(*a, **ka): + self.trigger('before_request') + rv = callback(*a, **ka) + self.trigger('after_request', reversed=True) + return rv + return wrapper + + +class TemplatePlugin(object): + ''' This plugin applies the :func:`view` decorator to all routes with a + `template` config parameter. If the parameter is a tuple, the second + element must be a dict with additional options (e.g. `template_engine`) + or default variables for the template. ''' + name = 'template' + api = 2 + + def apply(self, callback, route): + conf = route.config.get('template') + if isinstance(conf, (tuple, list)) and len(conf) == 2: + return view(conf[0], **conf[1])(callback) + elif isinstance(conf, str) and 'template_opts' in route.config: + depr('The `template_opts` parameter is deprecated.') #0.9 + return view(conf, **route.config['template_opts'])(callback) + elif isinstance(conf, str): + return view(conf)(callback) + else: + return callback + + +#: Not a plugin, but part of the plugin API. TODO: Find a better place. +class _ImportRedirect(object): + def __init__(self, name, impmask): + ''' Create a virtual package that redirects imports (see PEP 302). ''' + self.name = name + self.impmask = impmask + self.module = sys.modules.setdefault(name, imp.new_module(name)) + self.module.__dict__.update({'__file__': __file__, '__path__': [], + '__all__': [], '__loader__': self}) + sys.meta_path.append(self) + + def find_module(self, fullname, path=None): + if '.' not in fullname: return + packname, modname = fullname.rsplit('.', 1) + if packname != self.name: return + return self + + def load_module(self, fullname): + if fullname in sys.modules: return sys.modules[fullname] + packname, modname = fullname.rsplit('.', 1) + realname = self.impmask % modname + __import__(realname) + module = sys.modules[fullname] = sys.modules[realname] + setattr(self.module, modname, module) + module.__loader__ = self + return module + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# Common Utilities ############################################################# +############################################################################### + + +class MultiDict(DictMixin): + """ This dict stores multiple values per key, but behaves exactly like a + normal dict in that it returns only the newest value for any given key. + There are special methods available to access the full list of values. + """ + + def __init__(self, *a, **k): + self.dict = dict((k, [v]) for (k, v) in dict(*a, **k).items()) + + def __len__(self): return len(self.dict) + def __iter__(self): return iter(self.dict) + def __contains__(self, key): return key in self.dict + def __delitem__(self, key): del self.dict[key] + def __getitem__(self, key): return self.dict[key][-1] + def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.append(key, value) + def keys(self): return self.dict.keys() + + if py3k: + def values(self): return (v[-1] for v in self.dict.values()) + def items(self): return ((k, v[-1]) for k, v in self.dict.items()) + def allitems(self): + return ((k, v) for k, vl in self.dict.items() for v in vl) + iterkeys = keys + itervalues = values + iteritems = items + iterallitems = allitems + + else: + def values(self): return [v[-1] for v in self.dict.values()] + def items(self): return [(k, v[-1]) for k, v in self.dict.items()] + def iterkeys(self): return self.dict.iterkeys() + def itervalues(self): return (v[-1] for v in self.dict.itervalues()) + def iteritems(self): + return ((k, v[-1]) for k, v in self.dict.iteritems()) + def iterallitems(self): + return ((k, v) for k, vl in self.dict.iteritems() for v in vl) + def allitems(self): + return [(k, v) for k, vl in self.dict.iteritems() for v in vl] + + def get(self, key, default=None, index=-1, type=None): + ''' Return the most recent value for a key. + + :param default: The default value to be returned if the key is not + present or the type conversion fails. + :param index: An index for the list of available values. + :param type: If defined, this callable is used to cast the value + into a specific type. Exception are suppressed and result in + the default value to be returned. + ''' + try: + val = self.dict[key][index] + return type(val) if type else val + except Exception: + pass + return default + + def append(self, key, value): + ''' Add a new value to the list of values for this key. ''' + self.dict.setdefault(key, []).append(value) + + def replace(self, key, value): + ''' Replace the list of values with a single value. ''' + self.dict[key] = [value] + + def getall(self, key): + ''' Return a (possibly empty) list of values for a key. ''' + return self.dict.get(key) or [] + + #: Aliases for WTForms to mimic other multi-dict APIs (Django) + getone = get + getlist = getall + + + +class FormsDict(MultiDict): + ''' This :class:`MultiDict` subclass is used to store request form data. + Additionally to the normal dict-like item access methods (which return + unmodified data as native strings), this container also supports + attribute-like access to its values. Attributes are automatically de- + or recoded to match :attr:`input_encoding` (default: 'utf8'). Missing + attributes default to an empty string. ''' + + #: Encoding used for attribute values. + input_encoding = 'utf8' + #: If true (default), unicode strings are first encoded with `latin1` + #: and then decoded to match :attr:`input_encoding`. + recode_unicode = True + + def _fix(self, s, encoding=None): + if isinstance(s, unicode) and self.recode_unicode: # Python 3 WSGI + s = s.encode('latin1') + if isinstance(s, bytes): # Python 2 WSGI + return s.decode(encoding or self.input_encoding) + return s + + def decode(self, encoding=None): + ''' Returns a copy with all keys and values de- or recoded to match + :attr:`input_encoding`. Some libraries (e.g. WTForms) want a + unicode dictionary. ''' + copy = FormsDict() + enc = copy.input_encoding = encoding or self.input_encoding + copy.recode_unicode = False + for key, value in self.allitems(): + copy.append(self._fix(key, enc), self._fix(value, enc)) + return copy + + def getunicode(self, name, default=None, encoding=None): + try: + return self._fix(self[name], encoding) + except (UnicodeError, KeyError): + return default + + def __getattr__(self, name, default=unicode()): + # Without this guard, pickle generates a cryptic TypeError: + if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'): + return super(FormsDict, self).__getattr__(name) + return self.getunicode(name, default=default) + + +class HeaderDict(MultiDict): + """ A case-insensitive version of :class:`MultiDict` that defaults to + replace the old value instead of appending it. """ + + def __init__(self, *a, **ka): + self.dict = {} + if a or ka: self.update(*a, **ka) + + def __contains__(self, key): return _hkey(key) in self.dict + def __delitem__(self, key): del self.dict[_hkey(key)] + def __getitem__(self, key): return self.dict[_hkey(key)][-1] + def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.dict[_hkey(key)] = [str(value)] + def append(self, key, value): + self.dict.setdefault(_hkey(key), []).append(str(value)) + def replace(self, key, value): self.dict[_hkey(key)] = [str(value)] + def getall(self, key): return self.dict.get(_hkey(key)) or [] + def get(self, key, default=None, index=-1): + return MultiDict.get(self, _hkey(key), default, index) + def filter(self, names): + for name in [_hkey(n) for n in names]: + if name in self.dict: + del self.dict[name] + + +class WSGIHeaderDict(DictMixin): + ''' This dict-like class wraps a WSGI environ dict and provides convenient + access to HTTP_* fields. Keys and values are native strings + (2.x bytes or 3.x unicode) and keys are case-insensitive. If the WSGI + environment contains non-native string values, these are de- or encoded + using a lossless 'latin1' character set. + + The API will remain stable even on changes to the relevant PEPs. + Currently PEP 333, 444 and 3333 are supported. (PEP 444 is the only one + that uses non-native strings.) + ''' + #: List of keys that do not have a 'HTTP_' prefix. + cgikeys = ('CONTENT_TYPE', 'CONTENT_LENGTH') + + def __init__(self, environ): + self.environ = environ + + def _ekey(self, key): + ''' Translate header field name to CGI/WSGI environ key. ''' + key = key.replace('-','_').upper() + if key in self.cgikeys: + return key + return 'HTTP_' + key + + def raw(self, key, default=None): + ''' Return the header value as is (may be bytes or unicode). ''' + return self.environ.get(self._ekey(key), default) + + def __getitem__(self, key): + return tonat(self.environ[self._ekey(key)], 'latin1') + + def __setitem__(self, key, value): + raise TypeError("%s is read-only." % self.__class__) + + def __delitem__(self, key): + raise TypeError("%s is read-only." % self.__class__) + + def __iter__(self): + for key in self.environ: + if key[:5] == 'HTTP_': + yield key[5:].replace('_', '-').title() + elif key in self.cgikeys: + yield key.replace('_', '-').title() + + def keys(self): return [x for x in self] + def __len__(self): return len(self.keys()) + def __contains__(self, key): return self._ekey(key) in self.environ + + +class ConfigDict(dict): + ''' A dict-subclass with some extras: You can access keys like attributes. + Uppercase attributes create new ConfigDicts and act as name-spaces. + Other missing attributes return None. Calling a ConfigDict updates its + values and returns itself. + + >>> cfg = ConfigDict() + >>> cfg.Namespace.value = 5 + >>> cfg.OtherNamespace(a=1, b=2) + >>> cfg + {'Namespace': {'value': 5}, 'OtherNamespace': {'a': 1, 'b': 2}} + ''' + + def __getattr__(self, key): + if key not in self and key[0].isupper(): + self[key] = ConfigDict() + return self.get(key) + + def __setattr__(self, key, value): + if hasattr(dict, key): + raise AttributeError('Read-only attribute.') + if key in self and self[key] and isinstance(self[key], ConfigDict): + raise AttributeError('Non-empty namespace attribute.') + self[key] = value + + def __delattr__(self, key): + if key in self: del self[key] + + def __call__(self, *a, **ka): + for key, value in dict(*a, **ka).items(): setattr(self, key, value) + return self + + +class AppStack(list): + """ A stack-like list. Calling it returns the head of the stack. """ + + def __call__(self): + """ Return the current default application. """ + return self[-1] + + def push(self, value=None): + """ Add a new :class:`Bottle` instance to the stack """ + if not isinstance(value, Bottle): + value = Bottle() + self.append(value) + return value + + +class WSGIFileWrapper(object): + + def __init__(self, fp, buffer_size=1024*64): + self.fp, self.buffer_size = fp, buffer_size + for attr in ('fileno', 'close', 'read', 'readlines', 'tell', 'seek'): + if hasattr(fp, attr): setattr(self, attr, getattr(fp, attr)) + + def __iter__(self): + buff, read = self.buffer_size, self.read + while True: + part = read(buff) + if not part: return + yield part + + +class ResourceManager(object): + ''' This class manages a list of search paths and helps to find and open + aplication-bound resources (files). + + :param base: default value for same-named :meth:`add_path` parameter. + :param opener: callable used to open resources. + :param cachemode: controls which lookups are cached. One of 'all', + 'found' or 'none'. + ''' + + def __init__(self, base='./', opener=open, cachemode='all'): + self.opener = open + self.base = base + self.cachemode = cachemode + + #: A list of search paths. See :meth:`add_path` for details. + self.path = [] + #: A cache for resolved paths. `res.cache.clear()`` clears the cache. + self.cache = {} + + def add_path(self, path, base=None, index=None, create=False): + ''' Add a new path to the list of search paths. Return False if it does + not exist. + + :param path: The new search path. Relative paths are turned into an + absolute and normalized form. If the path looks like a file (not + ending in `/`), the filename is stripped off. + :param base: Path used to absolutize relative search paths. + Defaults to `:attr:base` which defaults to ``./``. + :param index: Position within the list of search paths. Defaults to + last index (appends to the list). + :param create: Create non-existent search paths. Off by default. + + The `base` parameter makes it easy to reference files installed + along with a python module or package:: + + res.add_path('./resources/', __file__) + ''' + base = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(base or self.base)) + path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(base, os.path.dirname(path))) + path += os.sep + if path in self.path: + self.path.remove(path) + if create and not os.path.isdir(path): + os.mkdirs(path) + if index is None: + self.path.append(path) + else: + self.path.insert(index, path) + self.cache.clear() + + def __iter__(self): + ''' Iterate over all existing files in all registered paths. ''' + search = self.path[:] + while search: + path = search.pop() + if not os.path.isdir(path): continue + for name in os.listdir(path): + full = os.path.join(path, name) + if os.path.isdir(full): search.append(full) + else: yield full + + def lookup(self, name): + ''' Search for a resource and return an absolute file path, or `None`. + + The :attr:`path` list is searched in order. The first match is + returend. Symlinks are followed. The result is cached to speed up + future lookups. ''' + if name not in self.cache or DEBUG: + for path in self.path: + fpath = os.path.join(path, name) + if os.path.isfile(fpath): + if self.cachemode in ('all', 'found'): + self.cache[name] = fpath + return fpath + if self.cachemode == 'all': + self.cache[name] = None + return self.cache[name] + + def open(self, name, mode='r', *args, **kwargs): + ''' Find a resource and return a file object, or raise IOError. ''' + fname = self.lookup(name) + if not fname: raise IOError("Resource %r not found." % name) + return self.opener(name, mode=mode, *args, **kwargs) + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# Application Helper ########################################################### +############################################################################### + + +def abort(code=500, text='Unknown Error: Application stopped.'): + """ Aborts execution and causes a HTTP error. """ + raise HTTPError(code, text) + + +def redirect(url, code=None): + """ Aborts execution and causes a 303 or 302 redirect, depending on + the HTTP protocol version. """ + if code is None: + code = 303 if request.get('SERVER_PROTOCOL') == "HTTP/1.1" else 302 + location = urljoin(request.url, url) + raise HTTPResponse("", status=code, header=dict(Location=location)) + + +def _file_iter_range(fp, offset, bytes, maxread=1024*1024): + ''' Yield chunks from a range in a file. No chunk is bigger than maxread.''' + fp.seek(offset) + while bytes > 0: + part = fp.read(min(bytes, maxread)) + if not part: break + bytes -= len(part) + yield part + + +def static_file(filename, root, mimetype='auto', download=False): + """ Open a file in a safe way and return :exc:`HTTPResponse` with status + code 200, 305, 401 or 404. Set Content-Type, Content-Encoding, + Content-Length and Last-Modified header. Obey If-Modified-Since header + and HEAD requests. + """ + root = os.path.abspath(root) + os.sep + filename = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(root, filename.strip('/\\'))) + header = dict() + + if not filename.startswith(root): + return HTTPError(403, "Access denied.") + if not os.path.exists(filename) or not os.path.isfile(filename): + return HTTPError(404, "File does not exist.") + if not os.access(filename, os.R_OK): + return HTTPError(403, "You do not have permission to access this file.") + + if mimetype == 'auto': + mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename) + if mimetype: header['Content-Type'] = mimetype + if encoding: header['Content-Encoding'] = encoding + elif mimetype: + header['Content-Type'] = mimetype + + if download: + download = os.path.basename(filename if download == True else download) + header['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % download + + stats = os.stat(filename) + header['Content-Length'] = clen = stats.st_size + lm = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", time.gmtime(stats.st_mtime)) + header['Last-Modified'] = lm + + ims = request.environ.get('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE') + if ims: + ims = parse_date(ims.split(";")[0].strip()) + if ims is not None and ims >= int(stats.st_mtime): + header['Date'] = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", time.gmtime()) + return HTTPResponse(status=304, header=header) + + body = '' if request.method == 'HEAD' else open(filename, 'rb') + + header["Accept-Ranges"] = "bytes" + ranges = request.environ.get('HTTP_RANGE') + if 'HTTP_RANGE' in request.environ: + ranges = list(parse_range_header(request.environ['HTTP_RANGE'], clen)) + if not ranges: + return HTTPError(416, "Requested Range Not Satisfiable") + offset, end = ranges[0] + header["Content-Range"] = "bytes %d-%d/%d" % (offset, end-1, clen) + header["Content-Length"] = str(end-offset) + if body: body = _file_iter_range(body, offset, end-offset) + return HTTPResponse(body, header=header, status=206) + return HTTPResponse(body, header=header) + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# HTTP Utilities and MISC (TODO) ############################################### +############################################################################### + + +def debug(mode=True): + """ Change the debug level. + There is only one debug level supported at the moment.""" + global DEBUG + DEBUG = bool(mode) + + +def parse_date(ims): + """ Parse rfc1123, rfc850 and asctime timestamps and return UTC epoch. """ + try: + ts = email.utils.parsedate_tz(ims) + return time.mktime(ts[:8] + (0,)) - (ts[9] or 0) - time.timezone + except (TypeError, ValueError, IndexError, OverflowError): + return None + + +def parse_auth(header): + """ Parse rfc2617 HTTP authentication header string (basic) and return (user,pass) tuple or None""" + try: + method, data = header.split(None, 1) + if method.lower() == 'basic': + user, pwd = touni(base64.b64decode(tob(data))).split(':',1) + return user, pwd + except (KeyError, ValueError): + return None + +def parse_range_header(header, maxlen=0): + ''' Yield (start, end) ranges parsed from a HTTP Range header. Skip + unsatisfiable ranges. The end index is non-inclusive.''' + if not header or header[:6] != 'bytes=': return + ranges = [r.split('-', 1) for r in header[6:].split(',') if '-' in r] + for start, end in ranges: + try: + if not start: # bytes=-100 -> last 100 bytes + start, end = max(0, maxlen-int(end)), maxlen + elif not end: # bytes=100- -> all but the first 99 bytes + start, end = int(start), maxlen + else: # bytes=100-200 -> bytes 100-200 (inclusive) + start, end = int(start), min(int(end)+1, maxlen) + if 0 <= start < end <= maxlen: + yield start, end + except ValueError: + pass + +def _lscmp(a, b): + ''' Compares two strings in a cryptographically safe way: + Runtime is not affected by length of common prefix. ''' + return not sum(0 if x==y else 1 for x, y in zip(a, b)) and len(a) == len(b) + + +def cookie_encode(data, key): + ''' Encode and sign a pickle-able object. Return a (byte) string ''' + msg = base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(data, -1)) + sig = base64.b64encode(hmac.new(tob(key), msg).digest()) + return tob('!') + sig + tob('?') + msg + + +def cookie_decode(data, key): + ''' Verify and decode an encoded string. Return an object or None.''' + data = tob(data) + if cookie_is_encoded(data): + sig, msg = data.split(tob('?'), 1) + if _lscmp(sig[1:], base64.b64encode(hmac.new(tob(key), msg).digest())): + return pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(msg)) + return None + + +def cookie_is_encoded(data): + ''' Return True if the argument looks like a encoded cookie.''' + return bool(data.startswith(tob('!')) and tob('?') in data) + + +def html_escape(string): + ''' Escape HTML special characters ``&<>`` and quotes ``'"``. ''' + return string.replace('&','&').replace('<','<').replace('>','>')\ + .replace('"','"').replace("'",''') + + +def html_quote(string): + ''' Escape and quote a string to be used as an HTTP attribute.''' + return '"%s"' % html_escape(string).replace('\n','%#10;')\ + .replace('\r',' ').replace('\t','	') + + +def yieldroutes(func): + """ Return a generator for routes that match the signature (name, args) + of the func parameter. This may yield more than one route if the function + takes optional keyword arguments. The output is best described by example:: + + a() -> '/a' + b(x, y) -> '/b/:x/:y' + c(x, y=5) -> '/c/:x' and '/c/:x/:y' + d(x=5, y=6) -> '/d' and '/d/:x' and '/d/:x/:y' + """ + import inspect # Expensive module. Only import if necessary. + path = '/' + func.__name__.replace('__','/').lstrip('/') + spec = inspect.getargspec(func) + argc = len(spec[0]) - len(spec[3] or []) + path += ('/:%s' * argc) % tuple(spec[0][:argc]) + yield path + for arg in spec[0][argc:]: + path += '/:%s' % arg + yield path + + +def path_shift(script_name, path_info, shift=1): + ''' Shift path fragments from PATH_INFO to SCRIPT_NAME and vice versa. + + :return: The modified paths. + :param script_name: The SCRIPT_NAME path. + :param script_name: The PATH_INFO path. + :param shift: The number of path fragments to shift. May be negative to + change the shift direction. (default: 1) + ''' + if shift == 0: return script_name, path_info + pathlist = path_info.strip('/').split('/') + scriptlist = script_name.strip('/').split('/') + if pathlist and pathlist[0] == '': pathlist = [] + if scriptlist and scriptlist[0] == '': scriptlist = [] + if shift > 0 and shift <= len(pathlist): + moved = pathlist[:shift] + scriptlist = scriptlist + moved + pathlist = pathlist[shift:] + elif shift < 0 and shift >= -len(scriptlist): + moved = scriptlist[shift:] + pathlist = moved + pathlist + scriptlist = scriptlist[:shift] + else: + empty = 'SCRIPT_NAME' if shift < 0 else 'PATH_INFO' + raise AssertionError("Cannot shift. Nothing left from %s" % empty) + new_script_name = '/' + '/'.join(scriptlist) + new_path_info = '/' + '/'.join(pathlist) + if path_info.endswith('/') and pathlist: new_path_info += '/' + return new_script_name, new_path_info + + +def validate(**vkargs): + """ + Validates and manipulates keyword arguments by user defined callables. + Handles ValueError and missing arguments by raising HTTPError(403). + """ + depr('Use route wildcard filters instead.') + def decorator(func): + @functools.wraps(func) + def wrapper(*args, **kargs): + for key, value in vkargs.items(): + if key not in kargs: + abort(403, 'Missing parameter: %s' % key) + try: + kargs[key] = value(kargs[key]) + except ValueError: + abort(403, 'Wrong parameter format for: %s' % key) + return func(*args, **kargs) + return wrapper + return decorator + + +def auth_basic(check, realm="private", text="Access denied"): + ''' Callback decorator to require HTTP auth (basic). + TODO: Add route(check_auth=...) parameter. ''' + def decorator(func): + def wrapper(*a, **ka): + user, password = request.auth or (None, None) + if user is None or not check(user, password): + response.headers['WWW-Authenticate'] = 'Basic realm="%s"' % realm + return HTTPError(401, text) + return func(*a, **ka) + return wrapper + return decorator + + +# Shortcuts for common Bottle methods. +# They all refer to the current default application. + +def make_default_app_wrapper(name): + ''' Return a callable that relays calls to the current default app. ''' + @functools.wraps(getattr(Bottle, name)) + def wrapper(*a, **ka): + return getattr(app(), name)(*a, **ka) + return wrapper + +route = make_default_app_wrapper('route') +get = make_default_app_wrapper('get') +post = make_default_app_wrapper('post') +put = make_default_app_wrapper('put') +delete = make_default_app_wrapper('delete') +error = make_default_app_wrapper('error') +mount = make_default_app_wrapper('mount') +hook = make_default_app_wrapper('hook') +install = make_default_app_wrapper('install') +uninstall = make_default_app_wrapper('uninstall') +url = make_default_app_wrapper('get_url') + + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# Server Adapter ############################################################### +############################################################################### + + +class ServerAdapter(object): + quiet = False + def __init__(self, host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, **config): + self.options = config + self.host = host + self.port = int(port) + + def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover + pass + + def __repr__(self): + args = ', '.join(['%s=%s'%(k,repr(v)) for k, v in self.options.items()]) + return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, args) + + +class CGIServer(ServerAdapter): + quiet = True + def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover + from wsgiref.handlers import CGIHandler + def fixed_environ(environ, start_response): + environ.setdefault('PATH_INFO', '') + return handler(environ, start_response) + CGIHandler().run(fixed_environ) + + +class FlupFCGIServer(ServerAdapter): + def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover + import flup.server.fcgi + self.options.setdefault('bindAddress', (self.host, self.port)) + flup.server.fcgi.WSGIServer(handler, **self.options).run() + + +class WSGIRefServer(ServerAdapter): + def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover + from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server, WSGIRequestHandler + if self.quiet: + class QuietHandler(WSGIRequestHandler): + def log_request(*args, **kw): pass + self.options['handler_class'] = QuietHandler + srv = make_server(self.host, self.port, handler, **self.options) + srv.serve_forever() + + +class CherryPyServer(ServerAdapter): + def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover + from cherrypy import wsgiserver + server = wsgiserver.CherryPyWSGIServer((self.host, self.port), handler) + try: + server.start() + finally: + server.stop() + + +class WaitressServer(ServerAdapter): + def run(self, handler): + from waitress import serve + serve(handler, host=self.host, port=self.port) + + +class PasteServer(ServerAdapter): + def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover + from paste import httpserver + if not self.quiet: + from paste.translogger import TransLogger + handler = TransLogger(handler) + httpserver.serve(handler, host=self.host, port=str(self.port), + **self.options) + + +class MeinheldServer(ServerAdapter): + def run(self, handler): + from meinheld import server + server.listen((self.host, self.port)) + server.run(handler) + + +class FapwsServer(ServerAdapter): + """ Extremely fast webserver using libev. See http://www.fapws.org/ """ + def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover + import fapws._evwsgi as evwsgi + from fapws import base, config + port = self.port + if float(config.SERVER_IDENT[-2:]) > 0.4: + # fapws3 silently changed its API in 0.5 + port = str(port) + evwsgi.start(self.host, port) + # fapws3 never releases the GIL. Complain upstream. I tried. No luck. + if 'BOTTLE_CHILD' in os.environ and not self.quiet: + _stderr("WARNING: Auto-reloading does not work with Fapws3.\n") + _stderr(" (Fapws3 breaks python thread support)\n") + evwsgi.set_base_module(base) + def app(environ, start_response): + environ['wsgi.multiprocess'] = False + return handler(environ, start_response) + evwsgi.wsgi_cb(('', app)) + evwsgi.run() + + +class TornadoServer(ServerAdapter): + """ The super hyped asynchronous server by facebook. Untested. """ + def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover + import tornado.wsgi, tornado.httpserver, tornado.ioloop + container = tornado.wsgi.WSGIContainer(handler) + server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(container) + server.listen(port=self.port) + tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start() + + +class AppEngineServer(ServerAdapter): + """ Adapter for Google App Engine. """ + quiet = True + def run(self, handler): + from google.appengine.ext.webapp import util + # A main() function in the handler script enables 'App Caching'. + # Lets makes sure it is there. This _really_ improves performance. + module = sys.modules.get('__main__') + if module and not hasattr(module, 'main'): + module.main = lambda: util.run_wsgi_app(handler) + util.run_wsgi_app(handler) + + +class TwistedServer(ServerAdapter): + """ Untested. """ + def run(self, handler): + from twisted.web import server, wsgi + from twisted.python.threadpool import ThreadPool + from twisted.internet import reactor + thread_pool = ThreadPool() + thread_pool.start() + reactor.addSystemEventTrigger('after', 'shutdown', thread_pool.stop) + factory = server.Site(wsgi.WSGIResource(reactor, thread_pool, handler)) + reactor.listenTCP(self.port, factory, interface=self.host) + reactor.run() + + +class DieselServer(ServerAdapter): + """ Untested. """ + def run(self, handler): + from diesel.protocols.wsgi import WSGIApplication + app = WSGIApplication(handler, port=self.port) + app.run() + + +class GeventServer(ServerAdapter): + """ Untested. Options: + + * `monkey` (default: True) fixes the stdlib to use greenthreads. + * `fast` (default: False) uses libevent's http server, but has some + issues: No streaming, no pipelining, no SSL. + """ + def run(self, handler): + from gevent import wsgi as wsgi_fast, pywsgi, monkey, local + if self.options.get('monkey', True): + if not threading.local is local.local: monkey.patch_all() + wsgi = wsgi_fast if self.options.get('fast') else pywsgi + log = None if self.quiet else 'default' + wsgi.WSGIServer((self.host, self.port), handler, log=log).serve_forever() + + +class GunicornServer(ServerAdapter): + """ Untested. See http://gunicorn.org/configure.html for options. """ + def run(self, handler): + from gunicorn.app.base import Application + + config = {'bind': "%s:%d" % (self.host, int(self.port))} + config.update(self.options) + + class GunicornApplication(Application): + def init(self, parser, opts, args): + return config + + def load(self): + return handler + + GunicornApplication().run() + + +class EventletServer(ServerAdapter): + """ Untested """ + def run(self, handler): + from eventlet import wsgi, listen + try: + wsgi.server(listen((self.host, self.port)), handler, + log_output=(not self.quiet)) + except TypeError: + # Fallback, if we have old version of eventlet + wsgi.server(listen((self.host, self.port)), handler) + + +class RocketServer(ServerAdapter): + """ Untested. """ + def run(self, handler): + from rocket import Rocket + server = Rocket((self.host, self.port), 'wsgi', { 'wsgi_app' : handler }) + server.start() + + +class BjoernServer(ServerAdapter): + """ Fast server written in C: https://github.com/jonashaag/bjoern """ + def run(self, handler): + from bjoern import run + run(handler, self.host, self.port) + + +class AutoServer(ServerAdapter): + """ Untested. """ + adapters = [WaitressServer, PasteServer, TwistedServer, CherryPyServer, WSGIRefServer] + def run(self, handler): + for sa in self.adapters: + try: + return sa(self.host, self.port, **self.options).run(handler) + except ImportError: + pass + +server_names = { + 'cgi': CGIServer, + 'flup': FlupFCGIServer, + 'wsgiref': WSGIRefServer, + 'waitress': WaitressServer, + 'cherrypy': CherryPyServer, + 'paste': PasteServer, + 'fapws3': FapwsServer, + 'tornado': TornadoServer, + 'gae': AppEngineServer, + 'twisted': TwistedServer, + 'diesel': DieselServer, + 'meinheld': MeinheldServer, + 'gunicorn': GunicornServer, + 'eventlet': EventletServer, + 'gevent': GeventServer, + 'rocket': RocketServer, + 'bjoern' : BjoernServer, + 'auto': AutoServer, +} + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# Application Control ########################################################## +############################################################################### + + +def load(target, **namespace): + """ Import a module or fetch an object from a module. + + * ``package.module`` returns `module` as a module object. + * ``pack.mod:name`` returns the module variable `name` from `pack.mod`. + * ``pack.mod:func()`` calls `pack.mod.func()` and returns the result. + + The last form accepts not only function calls, but any type of + expression. Keyword arguments passed to this function are available as + local variables. Example: ``import_string('re:compile(x)', x='[a-z]')`` + """ + module, target = target.split(":", 1) if ':' in target else (target, None) + if module not in sys.modules: __import__(module) + if not target: return sys.modules[module] + if target.isalnum(): return getattr(sys.modules[module], target) + package_name = module.split('.')[0] + namespace[package_name] = sys.modules[package_name] + return eval('%s.%s' % (module, target), namespace) + + +def load_app(target): + """ Load a bottle application from a module and make sure that the import + does not affect the current default application, but returns a separate + application object. See :func:`load` for the target parameter. """ + global NORUN; NORUN, nr_old = True, NORUN + try: + tmp = default_app.push() # Create a new "default application" + rv = load(target) # Import the target module + return rv if callable(rv) else tmp + finally: + default_app.remove(tmp) # Remove the temporary added default application + NORUN = nr_old + +_debug = debug +def run(app=None, server='wsgiref', host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, + interval=1, reloader=False, quiet=False, plugins=None, + debug=False, **kargs): + """ Start a server instance. This method blocks until the server terminates. + + :param app: WSGI application or target string supported by + :func:`load_app`. (default: :func:`default_app`) + :param server: Server adapter to use. See :data:`server_names` keys + for valid names or pass a :class:`ServerAdapter` subclass. + (default: `wsgiref`) + :param host: Server address to bind to. Pass ``0.0.0.0`` to listens on + all interfaces including the external one. (default: 127.0.0.1) + :param port: Server port to bind to. Values below 1024 require root + privileges. (default: 8080) + :param reloader: Start auto-reloading server? (default: False) + :param interval: Auto-reloader interval in seconds (default: 1) + :param quiet: Suppress output to stdout and stderr? (default: False) + :param options: Options passed to the server adapter. + """ + if NORUN: return + if reloader and not os.environ.get('BOTTLE_CHILD'): + try: + lockfile = None + fd, lockfile = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='bottle.', suffix='.lock') + os.close(fd) # We only need this file to exist. We never write to it + while os.path.exists(lockfile): + args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv + environ = os.environ.copy() + environ['BOTTLE_CHILD'] = 'true' + environ['BOTTLE_LOCKFILE'] = lockfile + p = subprocess.Popen(args, env=environ) + while p.poll() is None: # Busy wait... + os.utime(lockfile, None) # I am alive! + time.sleep(interval) + if p.poll() != 3: + if os.path.exists(lockfile): os.unlink(lockfile) + sys.exit(p.poll()) + except KeyboardInterrupt: + pass + finally: + if os.path.exists(lockfile): + os.unlink(lockfile) + return + + try: + _debug(debug) + app = app or default_app() + if isinstance(app, basestring): + app = load_app(app) + if not callable(app): + raise ValueError("Application is not callable: %r" % app) + + for plugin in plugins or []: + app.install(plugin) + + if server in server_names: + server = server_names.get(server) + if isinstance(server, basestring): + server = load(server) + if isinstance(server, type): + server = server(host=host, port=port, **kargs) + if not isinstance(server, ServerAdapter): + raise ValueError("Unknown or unsupported server: %r" % server) + + server.quiet = server.quiet or quiet + if not server.quiet: + _stderr("Bottle v%s server starting up (using %s)...\n" % (__version__, repr(server))) + _stderr("Listening on http://%s:%d/\n" % (server.host, server.port)) + _stderr("Hit Ctrl-C to quit.\n\n") + + if reloader: + lockfile = os.environ.get('BOTTLE_LOCKFILE') + bgcheck = FileCheckerThread(lockfile, interval) + with bgcheck: + server.run(app) + if bgcheck.status == 'reload': + sys.exit(3) + else: + server.run(app) + except KeyboardInterrupt: + pass + except (SystemExit, MemoryError): + raise + except: + if not reloader: raise + if not getattr(server, 'quiet', quiet): + print_exc() + time.sleep(interval) + sys.exit(3) + + + +class FileCheckerThread(threading.Thread): + ''' Interrupt main-thread as soon as a changed module file is detected, + the lockfile gets deleted or gets to old. ''' + + def __init__(self, lockfile, interval): + threading.Thread.__init__(self) + self.lockfile, self.interval = lockfile, interval + #: Is one of 'reload', 'error' or 'exit' + self.status = None + + def run(self): + exists = os.path.exists + mtime = lambda path: os.stat(path).st_mtime + files = dict() + + for module in list(sys.modules.values()): + path = getattr(module, '__file__', '') + if path[-4:] in ('.pyo', '.pyc'): path = path[:-1] + if path and exists(path): files[path] = mtime(path) + + while not self.status: + if not exists(self.lockfile)\ + or mtime(self.lockfile) < time.time() - self.interval - 5: + self.status = 'error' + thread.interrupt_main() + for path, lmtime in list(files.items()): + if not exists(path) or mtime(path) > lmtime: + self.status = 'reload' + thread.interrupt_main() + break + time.sleep(self.interval) + + def __enter__(self): + self.start() + + def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): + if not self.status: self.status = 'exit' # silent exit + self.join() + return exc_type is not None and issubclass(exc_type, KeyboardInterrupt) + + + + + +############################################################################### +# Template Adapters ############################################################ +############################################################################### + + +class TemplateError(HTTPError): + def __init__(self, message): + HTTPError.__init__(self, 500, message) + + +class BaseTemplate(object): + """ Base class and minimal API for template adapters """ + extensions = ['tpl','html','thtml','stpl'] + settings = {} #used in prepare() + defaults = {} #used in render() + + def __init__(self, source=None, name=None, lookup=[], encoding='utf8', **settings): + """ Create a new template. + If the source parameter (str or buffer) is missing, the name argument + is used to guess a template filename. Subclasses can assume that + self.source and/or self.filename are set. Both are strings. + The lookup, encoding and settings parameters are stored as instance + variables. + The lookup parameter stores a list containing directory paths. + The encoding parameter should be used to decode byte strings or files. + The settings parameter contains a dict for engine-specific settings. + """ + self.name = name + self.source = source.read() if hasattr(source, 'read') else source + self.filename = source.filename if hasattr(source, 'filename') else None + self.lookup = [os.path.abspath(x) for x in lookup] + self.encoding = encoding + self.settings = self.settings.copy() # Copy from class variable + self.settings.update(settings) # Apply + if not self.source and self.name: + self.filename = self.search(self.name, self.lookup) + if not self.filename: + raise TemplateError('Template %s not found.' % repr(name)) + if not self.source and not self.filename: + raise TemplateError('No template specified.') + self.prepare(**self.settings) + + @classmethod + def search(cls, name, lookup=[]): + """ Search name in all directories specified in lookup. + First without, then with common extensions. Return first hit. """ + if os.path.isfile(name): return name + for spath in lookup: + fname = os.path.join(spath, name) + if os.path.isfile(fname): + return fname + for ext in cls.extensions: + if os.path.isfile('%s.%s' % (fname, ext)): + return '%s.%s' % (fname, ext) + + @classmethod + def global_config(cls, key, *args): + ''' This reads or sets the global settings stored in class.settings. ''' + if args: + cls.settings = cls.settings.copy() # Make settings local to class + cls.settings[key] = args[0] + else: + return cls.settings[key] + + def prepare(self, **options): + """ Run preparations (parsing, caching, ...). + It should be possible to call this again to refresh a template or to + update settings. + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + def render(self, *args, **kwargs): + """ Render the template with the specified local variables and return + a single byte or unicode string. If it is a byte string, the encoding + must match self.encoding. This method must be thread-safe! + Local variables may be provided in dictionaries (*args) + or directly, as keywords (**kwargs). + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + +class MakoTemplate(BaseTemplate): + def prepare(self, **options): + from mako.template import Template + from mako.lookup import TemplateLookup + options.update({'input_encoding':self.encoding}) + options.setdefault('format_exceptions', bool(DEBUG)) + lookup = TemplateLookup(directories=self.lookup, **options) + if self.source: + self.tpl = Template(self.source, lookup=lookup, **options) + else: + self.tpl = Template(uri=self.name, filename=self.filename, lookup=lookup, **options) + + def render(self, *args, **kwargs): + for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) + _defaults = self.defaults.copy() + _defaults.update(kwargs) + return self.tpl.render(**_defaults) + + +class CheetahTemplate(BaseTemplate): + def prepare(self, **options): + from Cheetah.Template import Template + self.context = threading.local() + self.context.vars = {} + options['searchList'] = [self.context.vars] + if self.source: + self.tpl = Template(source=self.source, **options) + else: + self.tpl = Template(file=self.filename, **options) + + def render(self, *args, **kwargs): + for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) + self.context.vars.update(self.defaults) + self.context.vars.update(kwargs) + out = str(self.tpl) + self.context.vars.clear() + return out + + +class Jinja2Template(BaseTemplate): + def prepare(self, filters=None, tests=None, **kwargs): + from jinja2 import Environment, FunctionLoader + if 'prefix' in kwargs: # TODO: to be removed after a while + raise RuntimeError('The keyword argument `prefix` has been removed. ' + 'Use the full jinja2 environment name line_statement_prefix instead.') + self.env = Environment(loader=FunctionLoader(self.loader), **kwargs) + if filters: self.env.filters.update(filters) + if tests: self.env.tests.update(tests) + if self.source: + self.tpl = self.env.from_string(self.source) + else: + self.tpl = self.env.get_template(self.filename) + + def render(self, *args, **kwargs): + for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) + _defaults = self.defaults.copy() + _defaults.update(kwargs) + return self.tpl.render(**_defaults) + + def loader(self, name): + fname = self.search(name, self.lookup) + if not fname: return + with open(fname, "rb") as f: + return f.read().decode(self.encoding) + + +class SimpleTALTemplate(BaseTemplate): + ''' Deprecated, do not use. ''' + def prepare(self, **options): + depr('The SimpleTAL template handler is deprecated'\ + ' and will be removed in 0.12') + from simpletal import simpleTAL + if self.source: + self.tpl = simpleTAL.compileHTMLTemplate(self.source) + else: + with open(self.filename, 'rb') as fp: + self.tpl = simpleTAL.compileHTMLTemplate(tonat(fp.read())) + + def render(self, *args, **kwargs): + from simpletal import simpleTALES + for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) + context = simpleTALES.Context() + for k,v in self.defaults.items(): + context.addGlobal(k, v) + for k,v in kwargs.items(): + context.addGlobal(k, v) + output = StringIO() + self.tpl.expand(context, output) + return output.getvalue() + + +class SimpleTemplate(BaseTemplate): + blocks = ('if', 'elif', 'else', 'try', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'while', + 'with', 'def', 'class') + dedent_blocks = ('elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally') + + @lazy_attribute + def re_pytokens(cls): + ''' This matches comments and all kinds of quoted strings but does + NOT match comments (#...) within quoted strings. (trust me) ''' + return re.compile(r''' + (''(?!')|""(?!")|'{6}|"{6} # Empty strings (all 4 types) + |'(?:[^\\']|\\.)+?' # Single quotes (') + |"(?:[^\\"]|\\.)+?" # Double quotes (") + |'{3}(?:[^\\]|\\.|\n)+?'{3} # Triple-quoted strings (') + |"{3}(?:[^\\]|\\.|\n)+?"{3} # Triple-quoted strings (") + |\#.* # Comments + )''', re.VERBOSE) + + def prepare(self, escape_func=html_escape, noescape=False, **kwargs): + self.cache = {} + enc = self.encoding + self._str = lambda x: touni(x, enc) + self._escape = lambda x: escape_func(touni(x, enc)) + if noescape: + self._str, self._escape = self._escape, self._str + + @classmethod + def split_comment(cls, code): + """ Removes comments (#...) from python code. """ + if '#' not in code: return code + #: Remove comments only (leave quoted strings as they are) + subf = lambda m: '' if m.group(0)[0]=='#' else m.group(0) + return re.sub(cls.re_pytokens, subf, code) + + @cached_property + def co(self): + return compile(self.code, self.filename or '<string>', 'exec') + + @cached_property + def code(self): + stack = [] # Current Code indentation + lineno = 0 # Current line of code + ptrbuffer = [] # Buffer for printable strings and token tuple instances + codebuffer = [] # Buffer for generated python code + multiline = dedent = oneline = False + template = self.source or open(self.filename, 'rb').read() + + def yield_tokens(line): + for i, part in enumerate(re.split(r'\{\{(.*?)\}\}', line)): + if i % 2: + if part.startswith('!'): yield 'RAW', part[1:] + else: yield 'CMD', part + else: yield 'TXT', part + + def flush(): # Flush the ptrbuffer + if not ptrbuffer: return + cline = '' + for line in ptrbuffer: + for token, value in line: + if token == 'TXT': cline += repr(value) + elif token == 'RAW': cline += '_str(%s)' % value + elif token == 'CMD': cline += '_escape(%s)' % value + cline += ', ' + cline = cline[:-2] + '\\\n' + cline = cline[:-2] + if cline[:-1].endswith('\\\\\\\\\\n'): + cline = cline[:-7] + cline[-1] # 'nobr\\\\\n' --> 'nobr' + cline = '_printlist([' + cline + '])' + del ptrbuffer[:] # Do this before calling code() again + code(cline) + + def code(stmt): + for line in stmt.splitlines(): + codebuffer.append(' ' * len(stack) + line.strip()) + + for line in template.splitlines(True): + lineno += 1 + line = touni(line, self.encoding) + sline = line.lstrip() + if lineno <= 2: + m = re.match(r"%\s*#.*coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)", sline) + if m: self.encoding = m.group(1) + if m: line = line.replace('coding','coding (removed)') + if sline and sline[0] == '%' and sline[:2] != '%%': + line = line.split('%',1)[1].lstrip() # Full line following the % + cline = self.split_comment(line).strip() + cmd = re.split(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9_]', cline)[0] + flush() # You are actually reading this? Good luck, it's a mess :) + if cmd in self.blocks or multiline: + cmd = multiline or cmd + dedent = cmd in self.dedent_blocks # "else:" + if dedent and not oneline and not multiline: + cmd = stack.pop() + code(line) + oneline = not cline.endswith(':') # "if 1: pass" + multiline = cmd if cline.endswith('\\') else False + if not oneline and not multiline: + stack.append(cmd) + elif cmd == 'end' and stack: + code('#end(%s) %s' % (stack.pop(), line.strip()[3:])) + elif cmd == 'include': + p = cline.split(None, 2)[1:] + if len(p) == 2: + code("_=_include(%s, _stdout, %s)" % (repr(p[0]), p[1])) + elif p: + code("_=_include(%s, _stdout)" % repr(p[0])) + else: # Empty %include -> reverse of %rebase + code("_printlist(_base)") + elif cmd == 'rebase': + p = cline.split(None, 2)[1:] + if len(p) == 2: + code("globals()['_rebase']=(%s, dict(%s))" % (repr(p[0]), p[1])) + elif p: + code("globals()['_rebase']=(%s, {})" % repr(p[0])) + else: + code(line) + else: # Line starting with text (not '%') or '%%' (escaped) + if line.strip().startswith('%%'): + line = line.replace('%%', '%', 1) + ptrbuffer.append(yield_tokens(line)) + flush() + return '\n'.join(codebuffer) + '\n' + + def subtemplate(self, _name, _stdout, *args, **kwargs): + for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) + if _name not in self.cache: + self.cache[_name] = self.__class__(name=_name, lookup=self.lookup) + return self.cache[_name].execute(_stdout, kwargs) + + def execute(self, _stdout, *args, **kwargs): + for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) + env = self.defaults.copy() + env.update({'_stdout': _stdout, '_printlist': _stdout.extend, + '_include': self.subtemplate, '_str': self._str, + '_escape': self._escape, 'get': env.get, + 'setdefault': env.setdefault, 'defined': env.__contains__}) + env.update(kwargs) + eval(self.co, env) + if '_rebase' in env: + subtpl, rargs = env['_rebase'] + rargs['_base'] = _stdout[:] #copy stdout + del _stdout[:] # clear stdout + return self.subtemplate(subtpl,_stdout,rargs) + return env + + def render(self, *args, **kwargs): + """ Render the template using keyword arguments as local variables. """ + for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) + stdout = [] + self.execute(stdout, kwargs) + return ''.join(stdout) + + +def template(*args, **kwargs): + ''' + Get a rendered template as a string iterator. + You can use a name, a filename or a template string as first parameter. + Template rendering arguments can be passed as dictionaries + or directly (as keyword arguments). + ''' + tpl = args[0] if args else None + template_adapter = kwargs.pop('template_adapter', SimpleTemplate) + if tpl not in TEMPLATES or DEBUG: + settings = kwargs.pop('template_settings', {}) + lookup = kwargs.pop('template_lookup', TEMPLATE_PATH) + if isinstance(tpl, template_adapter): + TEMPLATES[tpl] = tpl + if settings: TEMPLATES[tpl].prepare(**settings) + elif "\n" in tpl or "{" in tpl or "%" in tpl or '$' in tpl: + TEMPLATES[tpl] = template_adapter(source=tpl, lookup=lookup, **settings) + else: + TEMPLATES[tpl] = template_adapter(name=tpl, lookup=lookup, **settings) + if not TEMPLATES[tpl]: + abort(500, 'Template (%s) not found' % tpl) + for dictarg in args[1:]: kwargs.update(dictarg) + return TEMPLATES[tpl].render(kwargs) + +mako_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=MakoTemplate) +cheetah_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=CheetahTemplate) +jinja2_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=Jinja2Template) +simpletal_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=SimpleTALTemplate) + + +def view(tpl_name, **defaults): + ''' Decorator: renders a template for a handler. + The handler can control its behavior like that: + + - return a dict of template vars to fill out the template + - return something other than a dict and the view decorator will not + process the template, but return the handler result as is. + This includes returning a HTTPResponse(dict) to get, + for instance, JSON with autojson or other castfilters. + ''' + def decorator(func): + @functools.wraps(func) + def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): + result = func(*args, **kwargs) + if isinstance(result, (dict, DictMixin)): + tplvars = defaults.copy() + tplvars.update(result) + return template(tpl_name, **tplvars) + return result + return wrapper + return decorator + +mako_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=MakoTemplate) +cheetah_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=CheetahTemplate) +jinja2_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=Jinja2Template) +simpletal_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=SimpleTALTemplate) + + + + + + +############################################################################### +# Constants and Globals ######################################################## +############################################################################### + + +TEMPLATE_PATH = ['./', './views/'] +TEMPLATES = {} +DEBUG = False +NORUN = False # If set, run() does nothing. Used by load_app() + +#: A dict to map HTTP status codes (e.g. 404) to phrases (e.g. 'Not Found') +HTTP_CODES = httplib.responses +HTTP_CODES[418] = "I'm a teapot" # RFC 2324 +HTTP_CODES[428] = "Precondition Required" +HTTP_CODES[429] = "Too Many Requests" +HTTP_CODES[431] = "Request Header Fields Too Large" +HTTP_CODES[511] = "Network Authentication Required" +_HTTP_STATUS_LINES = dict((k, '%d %s'%(k,v)) for (k,v) in HTTP_CODES.items()) + +#: The default template used for error pages. Override with @error() +ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE = """ +%%try: + %%from %s import DEBUG, HTTP_CODES, request, touni + %%status_name = HTTP_CODES.get(e.status, 'Unknown').title() + <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> + <html> + <head> + <title>Error {{e.status}}: {{status_name}}</title> + <style type="text/css"> + html {background-color: #eee; font-family: sans;} + body {background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #ddd; + padding: 15px; margin: 15px;} + pre {background-color: #eee; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 5px;} + </style> + </head> + <body> + <h1>Error {{e.status}}: {{status_name}}</h1> + <p>Sorry, the requested URL <tt>{{repr(request.url)}}</tt> + caused an error:</p> + <pre>{{e.output}}</pre> + %%if DEBUG and e.exception: + <h2>Exception:</h2> + <pre>{{repr(e.exception)}}</pre> + %%end + %%if DEBUG and e.traceback: + <h2>Traceback:</h2> + <pre>{{e.traceback}}</pre> + %%end + </body> + </html> +%%except ImportError: + <b>ImportError:</b> Could not generate the error page. Please add bottle to + the import path. +%%end +""" % __name__ + +#: A thread-safe instance of :class:`LocalRequest`. If accessed from within a +#: request callback, this instance always refers to the *current* request +#: (even on a multithreaded server). +request = LocalRequest() + +#: A thread-safe instance of :class:`LocalResponse`. It is used to change the +#: HTTP response for the *current* request. +response = LocalResponse() + +#: A thread-safe namespace. Not used by Bottle. +local = threading.local() + +# Initialize app stack (create first empty Bottle app) +# BC: 0.6.4 and needed for run() +app = default_app = AppStack() +app.push() + +#: A virtual package that redirects import statements. +#: Example: ``import bottle.ext.sqlite`` actually imports `bottle_sqlite`. +ext = _ImportRedirect(__name__+'.ext', 'bottle_%s').module + +if __name__ == '__main__': + opt, args, parser = _cmd_options, _cmd_args, _cmd_parser + if opt.version: + _stdout('Bottle %s\n'%__version__) + sys.exit(0) + if not args: + parser.print_help() + _stderr('\nError: No application specified.\n') + sys.exit(1) + + sys.path.insert(0, '.') + sys.modules.setdefault('bottle', sys.modules['__main__']) + + host, port = (opt.bind or 'localhost'), 8080 + if ':' in host: + host, port = host.rsplit(':', 1) + + run(args[0], host=host, port=port, server=opt.server, + reloader=opt.reload, plugins=opt.plugin, debug=opt.debug) + + + + +# THE END